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Biomedical subjects

V E Nonikov

Publications and source records attributed to V E Nonikov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: current concepts].

Pulmonary hypertension is diagnosed when pulmonary artery pressure is above 25 mm Hg at rest and 30 mm Hg during exercise; it can be primary or secondary if complicates some basic disease. Untreated pulmonary hypertension leads to progressive right ventricular failure and is associated with high risk of sudden death. Necessary components of management of any variant of pulmonary hypertension are limitation or avoidance of isometric exercise, yearly influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, and active treatment of pulmonary infections. Drug therapy is aimed at three main pathophysiological mechanisms: thrombosis, vasoconstriction and proliferation. Anticoagulants and vasodilators (calcium antagonists, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin or its derivatives) constitute basis of treatment of pulmonary hypertension. However principally novel drugs such as endothelin receptor antagonists has been also suggested. Diuretics, digitalis and oxygen are added when necessary. Gene therapy has been considered as potential future intervention. Surgical approaches comprise mitral valvuloplasty or mitral valve replacement and embolectomy in case of major pulmonary artery branch thromboembolism. In cases of other treatment failure lung or heart-lung transplantation is appropriate but can not widely used.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1999

[Effectiveness of acipole in prevention of enteric dysbacteriosis due to antibacterial therapy].

Acipole (Lactobacillus acidophilus + Kefir greins) was used to manage antibiotic dysbacteriosis as an adverse reaction of antibacterial therapy. 120 patients treated with antibacterial drugs for acute pneumonia and exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were observed. 54 of them were treated under the routine regimen with antibiotics and 66 were additionally treated with the eubiotic acipole: 1 tablet (5 doses) 3 times a day 30 minutes before meal. Routine bacteriological examination of the feces was applied to all the patients. High frequency of bacteriologically revealed dysbacteriosis was stated. The therapy under the antibiotic + acipole regimen lowered the frequency of dysbacteriosis events and their severity. The fact that the use of acipole simultaneously with the routine antibacterial therapy prevented the development of dysbacteriosis clinical signs is of practical importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Susceptibility of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens to azithromycin].

Two hundred and sixty eight microbial strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility. Azithromycin (sumamed) was shown to have an efficient inhibitory action on pneumococci, streptococci and hemophilic bacilli. Doxycycline and gentamicin were not sufficiently active against gram-positive cocci, the same as trimethoprime/sulfamethoxazole which was equally not sufficiently active against hemophilic bacilli. Adequate therapy of bronchopulmonary diseases requires the pathogen antibioticograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate in inpatients with bronchopulmonary infections].

Step-by-step therapy of patients with pneumonia and exacerbated chronic bronchitis with amoxyclav (amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate) in a dose of 1.2 g administered intravenously dropwise every 8 hours for the first 2 days of the treatment with subsequent oral use of the drug in a dose of 625 mg thrice a day for 5 days proved to be highly efficient. The recovery and improvement were stated in 19 (95 per cent) out of 20 patients. The adverse reaction (urticaria) was observed in 1 patient. Identical results were recorded in a comparative randomized trial with the use of cefotaxime in a dose of 1.0 g intramuscularly every 8 hours for 7 days. The pharmacoeconomic estimate showed the expediency of the step-by-step therapy with the use of amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Ceftriaxone (Rocefin) in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections].

Ceftriaxone, cephalosporin of the third generation, was given to 40 adults admitted to hospital for bronchopulmonary infections. Pneumonia and aggravation of chronic bronchitis were diagnosed in 27 and 13 patients, respectively. The drug was given in a single daily dose 1-2 g intravenously or intramuscularly. Mean duration of the treatment course was 6.13 days. High efficacy of the antibiotic ceftriaxone was observed in 38(95%) patients. One woman failed the treatment. She had pneumonia following polychemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. The drug tolerance was good. Only one allergic reaction occurred. The study of the sensitivity of 333 strains of the bacteria isolated from the sputum of 235 pulmonological patients showed that the absolute majority of the strains (98%) of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms are suppressed by ceftriaxone. Thus, the conclusion is made on efficacy of ceftriaxone against bronchopulmonary infections. The drug is applicable both in hospitals and outpatiently.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

[Stepdown ofloxacin therapy in bronchopulmonary diseases].

Ofloxacin was used in the treatment of 15 patients (12 with pneumonia and 3 with aggravated chronic bronchitis). The drug was administered at first intravenously in a dose of 200 mg twice a day for 3 days and then orally in the same dosage. Before the treatment Streptococcus, Pneumococcus and Klebsiella strains were isolated from the sputum specimens (12, 2 and 2 cases respectively). All the isolates except for 3 Streptococcus strains were susceptible to ofloxacin. After the treatment the recovery and improvement were stated in 14 patients. One patient with pneumonia at the background of chronic bronchitis due to resistant Streptococcus strains was excluded from the trial since the treatment with ofloxacin failed. 252 isolates from the sputum specimens of the patients with pulmonary affections were subjected to the laboratory tests and high activity of the fluoroquinolone against the gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was shown. The isolates were often resistant to tetracycline. It was concluded that the use of ofloxacin in the successive therapy of patients with pulmonary diseases was expedient.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Acute pneumonia in oncology patients: problems of epidemiology].

Autopsy findings, analyzed retrospectively for 2564 cancer patients showed the presence of acute pneumonia in 47.43% of them (50.82% in males against 43.21% in females). When compared to noncancer controls, this difference proved significant. No correlations were noted between the incidence and extension of acute pneumonia and various sites of the tumor, between metastases, emergence and extension of the disease. Among pneumonia types focal, focal-confluent forms with involvement of the lower right lobe predominated. As for complications, pleurisy was the most common finding.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[The comparative efficacy of the prolonged-action theophylline preparations Theopek and Euphylong in elderly patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases].

A randomized trial of long-acting theophylline drugs theopek taken twice daily and euphilong taken in a single daily dose has been performed in 59 elderly patients suffering from bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchitis. The drugs' doses were adjusted to blood theophylline concentrations, clinical response, side effects. Theophylline concentrations were maintained in therapeutic doses. A 24 hour monitoring showed the highest concentrations of theophylline to be achieved at night and early in the morning in the group of patients on euphilong. A clinical response with improvement of external respiration became evident by the treatment day 5 and persisted by day 90. Side effects were not severe. Both the drugs are recommended for long-term treatment. When euphilong was given in a single evening dose, its efficacy was superior at night and early in the morning making the drug preferable in patients with night asthma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Acute pneumonia in patients with multiple primary malignant neoplasms].

The authors review 35 cases of acute pneumonia (AP) in 30 patients with multifocal cancer. As a rule, AP was focal, ran a moderate or severe course, arose acutely with high temperature, chill, cough, purulent discharge. Auscultation registered weak vesicular breath, moist rale. Among pathological agents prevailed associations of pneumococci with gram-negative flora. AP resolved for 3-4 weeks in 2/3 of the patients, the rest of them developed lingering disease. From the point of view of antibacterial drugs efficacy, wide-spectrum drugs are preferable.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Blood immunoglobulin E in acute pneumonia].

The program of examination of 209 patients suffering from acute pneumonias (AP) included identification of the etiologic agents and measurement of the blood serum concentrations of immunoglobulins E (IgE). Immunoglobulinemia E was detected in 106 patients (50.7%). That phenomenon was noted in all the patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. Immunoglobulinemia E occurred mostly in patients (p = 0.05-0.001) with an aggravated allergological anamnesis, in those with a history of obstructive bronchitis and in cases where antibacterial therapy had been administered for a long time. The concentration of IgE in blood serum was established to agree with the intensity of antibacterial chemotherapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[The etiology of acute pneumonias in middle-aged and elderly persons].

As many as 356 patients afflicted with acute pneumonias (of these, 225 were from 60 to over years of age) underwent examinations according to the program including bacteriological analysis of the mucus and detection of antigens and specific antibodies in the blood serum. The etiology of acute pneumonia was established in 346 patients (97.2%). In the etiological structure of acute pneumonia, there prevailed bacteria, among which pneumococci, streptococci and hemophilic bacilli occurring both in the form of monocultures and as a constituent part of associations were mostly demonstrable. Acute pneumonias caused by Legionella, Klebsiella and staphylococci were encountered comparatively seldom. The rate of the demonstration of Mycoplasma and viral bacterial associations varied depending on the epidemiological situation. In young persons, acute pneumonias were induced primarily by bacterial monocultures, Mycoplasma, and viral bacterial associations. The latter ones were demonstrated more frequently in persons over 60. The authors review the information content of the employed diagnostic program for the verification of bacterial monocultures and associations of causative agents. Note that penicillin, tetracyclines and biseptol are less effective in respect of bacterial associations detectable in elderly persons.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Acute pneumonia complicating chronic pyelonephritis in persons over 60-years-old].

A study was made of the clinical, x-ray and immunological features of acute pneumonias (AP) developing against a background of chronic pyelonephritis in 28 patients aged 60 and over this age. Routine microbiological inoculation of the sputum as well as noncultural methods (definition of antigen substances and specific antibodies in the blood serum) were employed for etiological deciphering. A modern program of etiological diagnosis ensured the detection of a wide spectrum of agents including viruses, Mycoplasma and Legionella. Pneumococci, streptococci, hemophilic bacteria in the form of monocultures as well as part of associations of microorganisms were shown to be the most frequent agents causing AP. The resistance of 495 strains of pneumococci, streptococci and hemophilic bacteria to antibiotics was considered. A low sensitivity of these cultures to tetracyclines and biseptol was observed. Caramycin and chloramphenicol were recommended for the treatment of AP combined with chronic pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗