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Biomedical subjects

V E Valli

Publications and source records attributed to V E Valli.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Mode of inheritance of Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy: an animal model for hereditary nephritis in humans.

The pedigree of a line of Samoyed dogs with Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG) was investigated to determine the mode of inheritance. Sixty percent of males were affected with severe renal disease that progressed to renal failure before 15 months of age. In contrast, female carriers showed less severe involvement and their disease did not progress to renal failure. This pattern is consistent with the inheritance of an X-linked dominant gene. A similar mode of inheritance has been postulated in some families with hereditary nephritis. Further similarities between SHG in dogs and hereditary nephritis in humans have been demonstrated previously in clinical and renal morphologic studies. The present study supports the view that this line of Samoyed dogs would be an appropriate model for studying the human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In vitro response of purified ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin-M.

Peripheral blood was collected from three normal yearling castrated male lambs. Lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was evaluated in an isotopic uptake stimulation test under varying culture conditions in order to standardize the assay. Results were analyzed as log10 counts per minute and stimulation indices. Culture conditions consisting of 2 microL (20 micrograms) phytohemagglutinin-M/culture, 1 X 10(6) cells/mL and a 72 hour incubation period were selected for use in further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Dysmyelopoiesis in the cat: a hematological disorder resembling refractory anemia with excess blasts in man.

Clinical and pathological findings in three cats affected with a myelodysplastic disorder are presented. This hematological disorder resembles that of refractory anemia with excess of blasts as seen in man. The hematological profile in man is one of peripheral cytopenia in one or all of the marrow cell lines which occurs despite a normal to hypercellular bone marrow. Quantitatively, the marrow has a preponderance of blasts (up to 20%). Qualitative abnormalities consist of dysthrombopoiesis and/or dyserythropoiesis and/or dysgranulopoiesis. Myelodysplastic disorders in the cat are a form of marrow failure often associated with infection with feline leukemia virus. The use of the term refractory anemia with excess of blasts appears to be applicable to the cat and should be considered in evaluating dysplastic disorders of the feline bone marrow.

Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts↗
PubMed1986

The cytology, histology and prevalence of cell types in canine lymphoma classified according to the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation.

No significance has been shown yet between the cytological subtypes of canine lymphoma and clinical behaviour. This paper describes and illustrates the cytological and histological criteria for application of the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation classification system, a scheme with demonstrated prognostic capability for human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, to a series of 285 canine lymphomas. The Working Formulation can be used without difficulty for canine lymphomas. Low grade follicular tumors were found to be much less common, and high grade, aggressive tumors much more common than these cell types in humans. Low grade tumors tend to have low mitotic rates and high grade tumors tend to have high mitotic rates. There may be an association between hypercalcemia and lymphoblastic cell type. A review of available literature data for canine lymphomas suggests that prognostic extrapolation of clinical behaviour based on human lymphoma data may be possible. These results suggest that there may be strong similarities of morphology and behaviour between human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and canine lymphomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Results of a 90-day toxicity study on 1,2,3- and 1,1,2-trichloropropane administered via the drinking water.

Trichloropropanes have been identified as environmental contaminants in sediments of the Great Lakes region of North America. Since these chemicals had the potential to find their way into drinking water, a 90-day feeding study was carried out in order to determine their subchronic toxicity. Groups of 10 male and 10 female weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were supplied drinking water ad libitum, containing 1,2,3- or 1,1,2-trichloropropane at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/L for 13 weeks. Emulphor (0.5%) was used to solubilize the chemicals. At the end of the study, the animals were killed and examined for gross and microscopic changes. Heart, liver, brain, kidney and spleen were excised and weighed. Blood was collected and subjected to a comprehensive hematological analysis. Serum was collected and profiled for changes in 12 biochemical parameters and a portion of liver was used to determined mixed function oxidase activity. Although three animals died during the study, their deaths could not be related to treatment. Decreased growth rate was observed in both sexes of the group receiving 1000 mg/L 1,2,3-trichloropropane. There was an increase in liver, kidney and brain weights (relative to body weight) in rats of both sexes fed 1000 mg/L 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Fatty livers were observed in some of the treated animals but a clear dose-relationship was not evident. An elevation in serum cholesterol was observed in female rats fed the highest dose of 1,2,3-trichloropropane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Reconstituted halogenated hydrocarbon pesticide and pollutant mixtures found in human tissues: effects on the immature male Wistar rat after short-term exposure.

Halogenated hydrocarbon insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures are routinely detected as residues in human adipose tissue, serum, and milk. Based on average values observed in analytical studies, reconstituted halogenated hydrocarbon pesticide mixtures and PCB mixtures were prepared and administered to immature male Wistar rats. The mixtures were administered at dose levels which approximate the concentrations which would be absorbed by an infant suckling for 180 days (low dose, L), and at three higher dose levels (2 X L, 10 X L, and 100 X L). The pesticide mixture contained isomeric hexachlorocyclohexanes, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, hexachlorobenzene, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene; the reconstituted PCB mixture contained 13 of the major congeners which have been identified in human milk samples. Administration of the L dose level of the pesticide (0.95 mg/kg), PCB (0.45 mg/kg), and pesticide plus PCB mixture (0.95 + 0.45 mg/kg, respectively) in corn oil on days 1 and 3 did not significantly alter hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities or elicit any observable pathological damage 6 days after the first exposure. In contrast, administration of the higher dose levels of this mixture elicited a dose-dependent induction of several hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Moreover, despite the short duration of exposure to these chemicals, the rats treated with the higher doses (10 X L and 100 X L) of these mixtures exhibited mild alterations in thyroid architecture, changes in hepatocellular nuclei including variations in chromatin distribution, vesiculation of larger nuclei, and frequent appearance of pyknotic shrunken nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiological perspective.

Epidemiological studies on bovine ocular carcinoma were reviewed. Reports on the frequency and the distribution of the disease indicate that it is still a very prevalent and economically important disease. It is recognized throughout North America, but is more frequent in lower latitudes under range conditions. Etiological factors including ultraviolet light, circumocular apigmentation and viruses, as well as the pathogenesis, are considered in light of current knowledge on carcinogenesis of this tumor. It is likely that the induction of bovine ocular carcinoma is multifactorial and the precise roles played by each of the various factors are not yet understood.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

An appraisal of bone marrow biopsy in assessment of sick dogs.

Dogs were classified into a number of disease categories according to hematological, cytological and serochemical changes. Aspiration and core bone marrow biopsies were examined in 128 dogs in the various disease categories and compared to marrow samples in 36 dogs which appeared clinically normal. Differential cell counts on bone marrow smears were examined in relation to the blood variables in all animals. Blood and bone marrow data (group means) were compared among the normal and disease groups. Anemia, responsive and poorly responsive was the most frequent blood abnormality. Most dogs in the thrombocytopenia group had increased numbers of megakaryocytes in the marrow but two dogs had a marked decrease. The frequency of serious alteration of marrow production of the erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic series was less than anticipated. Marrow hemopoiesis was not significantly compromised in dogs with lymphoma or in dogs with other types of cancer. Bone marrow examination was necessary for the diagnosis of myelofibrosis and pancytopenia and was very helpful in the groups with insufficient change in the blood to permit a definitive diagnosis to be made. The myeloid-erythroid ratio was a useful indicator of marrow response while the erythroid maturation index and the myeloid maturation index were useful for identification of altered patterns of maturation (ineffective hemopoiesis). The reticulocyte response in absolute numbers is the most efficient and clinically relevant measure of erythroid response.

Anemia↗
PubMed1985

Hypereosinophilic syndrome in cats: a report of three cases.

The clinical, clinicopathological and pathological findings in three cats with hypereosinophilic syndrome are described. The cats chosen for the study had marked eosinophilia and evidence of tissue infiltration by eosinophils. Necropsies were performed on two cats, biopsy and blood samples were provided for the third cat. At necropsy, there was diffuse reddening of femoral bone marrow with ulceration and thickening of the duodenum. The livers had an enhanced lobular pattern with multiple, white, 1-3 mm nodules throughout the parenchyma. One cat had splenomegaly and the other had several enlarged, white, firm lymph nodes. Histopathologically, there was eosinophil infiltration of intestine, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal medulla and beneath the endocardium. Ultrastructurally, the eosinophils from lymph node and bone marrow of cat II were morphologically normal. The rigid criteria for eosinophilic leukemia were not fulfilled by these cases and the etiology of the eosinophilia in each case is not known. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1984

A teratological evaluation and analysis of fetal tissue levels following administration of tetrachlorobenzene isomers to the rat.

Three tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) congeners (1,2,3,4- 1,2,3,5-, and 1,2,4,5-) were administered daily by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at levels of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg from day 6 through day 15 of gestation. Mothers were sacrificed on day 21 of gestation and the pups removed by cesarian section for teratological evaluation. Administration of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB failed to alter maternal body weight, organ weights, hematological, or the biochemical parameters studied. The highest dose level of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene caused maternal death in nine of ten animals. In addition it induced mixed function oxidases and increased serum cholesterol values at 50 and 100 mg/kg. There was a decrease in the number of fetuses at the highest dose levels of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB and at the lowest dose level of the 1,2,4,5- congener. None of the congeners produced any anomalies. There were no treatment-related histopathological changes in either the mothers or fetuses. Residues of all three congeners were found in maternal and fetal tissues but generally the amounts of the 1,2,4,5- isomer were about 100 times higher than the other two.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1984

Octachlorostyrene: a 90-day toxicity study in the rat.

This study was designed to provide information on the subchronic toxicity of octachlorostyrene (OCS), a demonstrated environmental pollutant in fish from the Great Lakes of North America and the Norwegian coast in Europe. Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were administered OCS mixed in the diet at 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, 50, or 500 ppm for 13 weeks. Increased liver weights were observed in male and female rats fed 50 ppm OCS and higher, while enlarged kidney and spleen were noted in the highest dose groups. Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction occurred at 5.0 ppm OCS and higher for the males and 50 ppm and higher for the females. The chemical produced serum biochemical changes at concentrations as low as 5.0 ppm. OCS treatment resulted in hematological disturbances starting with the 0.5-ppm dose group. Dose-dependent histological changes were observed in the thyroid, kidneys, and liver of the treated animals. OCS residues accumulated in a dose-related fashion in the liver and fat of treated animals. These results indicate that OCS produced toxic effects at low levels of exposure and accumulated in the tissues of rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Toxicity of trichlorotoluene isomers: a 28-day feeding study in the rat.

Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were fed alpha,alpha,alpha-, alpha,2,6- or 2,3,6- trichlorotoluene (TCT) in their diet at 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 ppm for 28 days. Growth rate and food consumption were not affected by treatment. No deaths occurred. Significant increases in liver weights were observed in male rats fed 5.0 and 500 ppm 2,3,6-TCT. Mild serum biochemical changes occurred in male rats. These included increased SDH activities in the groups fed 5.0 and 50 ppm alpha, alpha, alpha-TCT, and 5.0 ppm 2,3,6-TCT. Alpha, alpha, alpha-TCT at 500 ppm caused elevated LDH activities in male rats. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were increased in male rats fed 500 ppm alpha,2,6-TCT. Hematological parameters were not affected by treatment. Mild histological changes were seen in the liver, kidney and thyroid of treated rats. Data presented here suggest that alpha, alpha, alpha-, alpha,2,6- and 2,3,6-TCT possess a low order of oral toxicity in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Fine needle aspiration cytology and histologic correlation in canine tumors.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed on 147 skin tumors in 119 dogs over a 4-year period. Both air-dried smears (Wright's stain) and wet-fixed smears (Papanicolaou's stain) were prepared from the aspirates from each tumor and the cytological diagnosis was correlated with histology. In 105 tumors, the cytological and histological interpretations agreed. Histologically, there were 36 stromal tumors, including 19 fibrosarcomas and nine hemangiosarcomas. Cytologically, 12 of the fibrosarcomas and five of the hemangiosarcomas were interpreted correctly as malignant tumors. All 11 melanomas and all 37 mast cell tumors were identified correctly cytologically, while nine of the 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 of 21 adenocarcinomas and eight of 19 mammary carcinomas were interpreted as malignant using aspiration biopsy. The fine-needle technique also identified 16 dogs with metastases to the regional lymph nodes before surgical biopsies were undertaken. Benign tumors were incorrectly described as malignancies in only three cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Toxicity of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the rat: results of a 90-day feeding study.

Tetrachlorobenzenes (TCB) are industrial chemicals which have been used as intermediates for chemical synthesis and for electrical insulation. Recently TCB residues have been found in Great Lakes fish. The present study was designed to determine the subchronic toxicity of these compounds. Groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 ppm of each of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-TCB for 13 weeks. Rats fed 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB exhibited significant increases in liver and kidney weight. 1,2,4,5-TCB at the highest dose level caused a significant increase in serum cholesterol levels. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities were induced by this compound at 50 and 500 ppm in the males, and 500 ppm in the females. Moderate to severe histological changes occurred in the liver and kidney of rats fed the three TCB isomers but the 1,2,4,5-isomer caused the most severe lesions. 1,2,4,5-TCB accumulated in fat and liver in a dose-dependent manner. Results indicate that 1,2,4,5-TCB is the most toxic isomer of the three and accumulates in liver and fat in a dose-dependent manner.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Hyperbilirubinemia in sick cattle.

Hyperbilirubinemia was present in 387 out of 1279 sick cattle admitted to the clinic of the Ontario Veterinary College. One hundred and ninety five of these had a total serum bilirubin of 17 mumol/L or greater. Clinical records, laboratory data and when available, pathology reports from these 195 animals were examined in an attempt to explain the reason for the high bilirubin levels. The hyperbilirubinemia in 187 of these was mainly due to an increase in unconjugated bilirubin. Jaundice, liver disease or anemia was not a feature and alkaline phosphatase was not elevated. The 195 animals with hyperbilirubinemia suffered from a variety of diseases that seemingly were unrelated to the increased bilirubin. The most frequently described signs were anorexia and rumen stasis. Liver disease was diagnosed in eight animals and in these clinical jaundice, and increased conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was a feature. It was concluded that hyperbilirubinemia occurred in many diseases of cattle and in most instances was related to a failure of the liver to remove unconjugated bilirubin from the serum rather than to a failure of the liver to excrete conjugated bilirubin.

Aging↗