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Biomedical subjects

V Fayol

Publications and source records attributed to V Fayol.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Plasma selenium and peripartum cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Mali].

Peripartum heart failure due to unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy is a common disorder as Savannak-Sahelian Africa. One of the many suspected risk factors identified is selenium deficiency. The purpose of this study was to measure plasma selenium levels in patients with peripartum heart failure due to cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Republic of Mali and compare data with healthy Sahalian women with the same obstetrical status. Plasma selenium was measured in a patient group consisting of 28 Malian women presenting peripartum heart failure and in a control group of 28 healthy breast-feeding Nigerien women of comparable age. The criteria for matching the two groups was parity (similar number of deliveries) since multiparity is a risk factor for peripartum cardiomyopathy. The Wilcoxon test (nonparametric) was used to compare the 2 groups considering up value < 0.05 as significant. Plasma selenium was significantly lower in patients from Mali than in controls from Niger (65 +/- 17 ng/ml vs. 78 +/- 17 ng/ml, p = 0.01). The results of this study showing lower plasma selenium in Bamako patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy than in a matching healthy control population confirms the previous data from the Niamey study.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[Carotenoids: 2. Diseases and supplementation studies].

Inverse correlations have been found in most studies on the relationship between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of carotenoids on one side and degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases on the other side. Protective effects of carotenoids have been found for pathologies of the retina and the skin. Concentrations of these molecules in blood are lower in digestive pathologies and HIV. Short- and long-term toxicity of carotenoids was found to be low. In combination with the beneficial effects found for diets rich in carotenoids, this has initiated trials with relatively high doses of carotenoid supplements. In the study in Linxian (China) in a rural population with poor nutritional status, supplementation with beta-carotene, zinc, selenium and vitamin E lowered total mortality and mortality from stomach cancer. Other studies (ATBC, Caret.) on well-fed subjects did not show beneficial effects on mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. On the contrary, higher mortality and lung cancer incidence was found in supplemented subjects that were also exposed to asbestos and cigarette smoke. In these studies, doses of supplemental beta-carotene were high and varied from 20 to 50 mg/day. One still ongoing study, called Suvimax, doses subjects for eight years with a cocktail of vitamins and minerals including 6 mg per day of beta-carotene. This supplementation with physiologically seen more "normal" doses might give clarity on the question if beta-carotene is the protective factor in fruits and vegetables.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Blood thiamin status and determinants in the population of Seychelles (Indian Ocean).

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Micronutrient deficiencies have become rare in industrialised countries as availability of fresh food, supplementation, and fortification have improved but a less favourable situation may still prevail in many developing countries. Blood thiamin status and determinants were therefore investigated in the Seychelles in view of the high incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and as the staple diet is polished rice that is deficient in thiamin. DESIGN: This was a cross sectional population study using an age and sex stratified random sample. SETTING: Seychelles Islands (Indian Ocean). PARTICIPANTS: A subsample of 206 subjects aged 25-64 years from the population of Seychelles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement of total thiamin concentration in whole blood using high performance liquid chromatography. Dietary variables measured using a face to face semi-quantitative food questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean (SD) whole blood thiamin concentration was 77.9 (22.4) nmol/l and low concentration (< 70 nmol/l) was found in 37% of the subjects (95% CI: 31%, 44%). Blood thiamin was significantly related to education and diet but not to age, sex, smoking, and body mass index. Blood thiamin was associated positively with meat, vegetable, salad, and tea intake and negatively with alcohol and fish intake. However, no combination of the examined variables could explain more than 15% of the observed variance in blood thiamin values. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the distribution of blood thiamin in the sampled population is shifted to lower values compared with that generally accepted as normal in European populations. Further research should establish the significance of such lower values in this specific population to facilitate clinical and public health action as necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen: a marker of disease activity in schistosomal patients.

The serum concentration of aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen was measured in 44 Egyptian healthy controls and 29 patients with hepatosplenomegaly originating from endemic areas for schistosomiasis in Egypt. Patients were classified into two main groups according to the histopathological pattern of the liver biopsy: patients with active schistosomal liver fibrosis and patients with inactive schistosomal liver fibrosis. Serum aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen levels were elevated in most of patients with active fibrosis but not in those with inactive schistosomiasis. From the present work, it is suggested that aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen can be used as a marker for active fibrogenesis in patients with schistosomal liver fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of automated enzyme immunoassays for several markers for hepatitis A and B using the Abbott IMx analyser.

The analytical performances of the Abbott IMx for the detection of several markers of hepatitis A and B (HBs Ag, anti-HBc, IgM anti-HBc, IgM anti-HAV) were evaluated. The intra-assay and the inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 5 and 10% respectively. We obtained results comparable with our routine methods, except for sera containing rheumatoid factor which gave false positive reactions with the IMx HBs Ag.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

[Vaccination against hepatitis B virus at the Lyon Pasteur Institute. A seven-year evaluation].

Results of immunization against hepatitis B among Pasteur Institute staff members are reported. Prior to immunization, 439 subjects were tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, including HBs antigen, anti-HBs antibody, and anti-HBc antibody (Ausria, Ausab, Corab assays; Abbott). Forty-seven subjects tested positive for anti-HBs antibody. 317 subjects negative for all the HBs markers studied were given three intramuscular doses of Hevac B (Pasteur vaccins) at one-month intervals. Anti-HBs antibodies were assayed after the third injection with the following results: mean titer, 1,454 mIU/ml, standard deviation, 5,349 mIU/ml, and range, 4 to 41,100 mIU/ml. Anti-HBs titers above 10 mIU/ml were found in 879.4% of subjects. Non-responders and weak responders (anti-HBs titer under 10 mIU/ml) were given a fourth dose of vaccine. Ultimately, after the last (third of fourth) injection 97.6% of subjects had protective antibody titers. No case of HBV infection was seen during the seven-year follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Concentration of serum IGD in monoclonal gammopathies].

Serum immunoglobulin levels IgG, IgA, IgM were assayed by laser-nephelometry and IgD by a liquid phase radio-immunoassay in 133 patients with monoclonal gammopathy. Our result show that IgD concentration decrease in parallel with polyclonal immunoglobulin levels. We observe a decrease of IgD level, more pronounced in malignant gammopathy in which the polyclonal immunoglobulin levels are usually low.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Radioimmunological determination of the serum IgD].

We describe a sensitive liquid phase radioimmunoassay for serum IgD. Extreme values obtained from 85 control patients sera are 0.2 and 121 mg/l with an arithmetic mean of 25 mg/l. In atopic patients (with high serum IgE levels), arithmetic mean is 47 mg/l.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Rapid diagnosis of echovirus type 33 meningitis by specific IgM detection using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

During an outbreak of meningitis in France (in the Lyon area), from June to October 1982, serum and stool samples were collected from 227 patients. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for titrating IgG and IgM antibodies anti-echovirus type 33 was developed and compared with the virus isolation technique, and with the titration of neutralizing antibodies. In 39 patients excreting echovirus 33 in faeces, the ELISA test allowed a positive serodiagnosis in 85% of the cases by detection of specific IgM (64% of the cases) and by seroconversion (21%). Compared with the neutralization (Nt) test, ELISA was found to be more sensitive. The antibody titres in ELISA were over 50 times higher and detected earlier than the neutralizing antibodies. This early immune response allowed a rapid diagnosis by specific IgM detection in the acute sera collected within 8 days after the appearance of the clinical symptoms in more than 50% of the 97 patients examined, whereas the Nt test allowed a positive serodiagnosis in only 32% of the patients. The use of a caesium chloride purified antigen insured the specificity of the reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-HBc screening for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus in France.

As anti-HBc screening has been proposed for blood donor testing, we investigated its effectiveness during pregnancy. Among 4,023 successive pregnant women screened for anti-HBc, 539 (13.4%) were positive and further tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs. HBsAg was found in 73 (1.81%) and anti-HBc only was positive in 66 (1.64%). Among the 73 women positive for HBsAg, HBV DNA was found in the serum of seven, the cord blood of two, the placenta of three. Of the 58 infants given HBV immunoglobulins and vaccine, only four had transient HBsAg. None of the 66 women positive for anti-HBc only had anti-HBc IgM, HBeAg, or HBV DNA in serum, cord blood or placenta but five women became HBsAg positive before, at, or after delivery. Among the infants born of these 66 mothers, three had high ALT, two had HBsAg and one HBV DNA without HBsAg. Screening for anti-HBc may be cost effective, at least in low HBV prevalence areas, since there is evidence for infectivity of pregnant women positive for anti-HBc only.

Carrier State↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an ELISA for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) for application in the nutrition and biological fields.

Immunological assays appear to be the only alternative to the microbiological method for analysis of pantothenic acid in foods and blood. In order to evaluate the influence of the linker on the immunogenicity of the hapten, we have tried to raise antisera against pantothenic acid in rabbits using different conjugates. The hapten was coupled to a carrier protein (BSA or thyroglobulin) using adipoyl dichloride (adipoyl conjugate) or bromoacetyl bromide (acetyl conjugate). Only the acetyl conjugate has induced the production of a specific antibody. With this antibody, an assay on microplate using the ELISA inhibition technique was developed to measure pantothenic acid. The use of pantothenic acid coupled to thyroglobulin with adipoyl dichloride as the capture antigen has improved the sensitivity of the ELISA. This assay was applied to food products and blood.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Carotenoids: 1. Metabolism and physiology].

Carotenoids are a family of pigments with at least 600 members. They derive from lycopene after steps of cyclisation, dehydrogenation and oxidation. It is their chemical structure that determines their physiochemical properties and, in part, their biological activities. About 50 carotenoids can be found in human diet and about 20 of them have been found in plasma and tissues. There is no RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for carotenoids. Quantities of carotenoids in diet are difficult to estimate, partly because methods used for the establishment of food composition tables were not specific and sensitive enough. Also, given values do not always take into account variations due to season and region of culture. Absorption of beta-carotene in humans has been the subject of numerous studies but only very little is known about other carotenoids. In general, absorption depends on bioavailability from the food matrix and solubility in micelles. After absorption through passive diffusion, carotenoids follow the chylomicrons metabolism. They are taken up by the liver and released in the blood stream in lipoproteins (VLDL). Carotenoids with no-substituted beta-ionone cycles (alpha and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin) have provitamin A activity. Highest activity has been found for all-trans beta-carotene. Not all steps of vitamin A biosynthesis and metabolism of other carotenoids have been clarified yet. Besides their provitamin A activity, carotenoids have numerous biological functions. They are efficient scavengers of free radicals, particularly of 1O2. In vitro they have been shown to protect LDL. However, results in vivo are inconsistent. Other functions include enhancement of gap junctions, immunomodulation and regulation of enzyme activity involved in carcinogenesis.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Measurement of carotenoids by high pressure liquid chromatography: from difficulties to solutions].

The measurement of serum carotenoids by HPLC has been largely improved during the last 10 years. However these techniques still require much time and skills, and direct application of published methods is rarely satisfying. We report here the difficulties that we met to transfer some HPLC methods described in the literature to our laboratories. We propose some solution to overcome the problems that we have encountered, our experience will perhaps help out other biologists. We reported also some results obtained in healthy populations.

Carotenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vitamins and aging].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Age Factors↗