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Biomedical subjects

V Franková

Publications and source records attributed to V Franková.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Psychosocial factors associated with genetic testing for certain hereditary types of neoplasms].

Mutations in predisposing genes for some of the hereditary forms of cancer exhibit autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Introduction of genetic tests for these mutations to the clinical practice initiated studies focused on the psychosocial factors associated with genetic testing. Undergoing the genetic testing is a stressful experience for both the healthy individuals in risk and the patients already affected with cancer. The psychosocial characteristics of the tested individual influence not only the psychological functioning during the testing but also the acceptance of the test, and generally his life style and health practices. Psychological support during the genetic testing process is mostly provided by the genetic counsellor. The findings of psychosocial studies might be therefore helpful for the focusing of the genetic consultation, and fulfilling the client needs and expectations towards testing. Factors of motivation, psychological state, influence of family situation and support, and optionally the involvement of a psychologist into the process of genetic testing are observed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

[Perspective and present possibilities of chemotherapy in viral respiratory infections].

The author presents a brief history and contemporary trend of research and trends of antiviral chemotherapy with special attention to possible prophylaxis and treatment of viral respiratory infections. For substances which are at present available the author describes the mechanism of action, mode of administration, pharmacokinetics and undesirable side-effects.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

The effect of cyclophosphamide and X-irradiation on experimental influenza in mice.

Mice treated with Cyclophosphamide (Cy) shortly before inoculation of influenza A virus exhibited increased mortality and delayed mean time of death. The extrapulmonary dissemination of the infection was observed more often in Cy-treated animals with the titres of virus in different organs substantially higher than in equally infected immunocompetent controls. Although the humoral antibody response was not impaired in Cy-treated mice, they were more susceptible to challenge with a lethal dose of virus than normal animals. In X-irradiated mice, the increased multiplication of virus in lungs and spread of the infection to other organs was observed, with prolonged persistence of virus in lungs and brains as compared to adequate controls, reminding the author's previous observation in immunocompromised persons, who died in the course of influenza.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

CMV infection in patients with chronic renal failure and in those following transplantation.

Serum anti-CMV IgG was found in 62% of healthy blood donors. Patients in a chronic haemodialysis programme were seropositive in 80%, and kidney graft recipients in 93 to 100%, depending on the post-transplantation period. Median of the IgG titre was 1:10 in healthy persons, 1:80 in dialysed patients, and 1:40 in graft recipients. Anti-CMV IgG was never detected in healthy blood donors. IgM positivity was found in one of 30 dialysed patients, and in four of 27 kidney graft recipients. Compared with healthy blood donors, a higher percentage of CD 8 lymphocytes and LGL was found in dialysed patients exhibiting an anti-CMV IgG above 1:40. NK activity was impaired in all patients in the chronic haemodialysis programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Natural killer cells and cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection in cardiac graft recipients.

The serum of 10 male patients undergoing heart transplantation was found to contain anamnestic antibodies (IgG) against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Patients with decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity displayed specific IgM against these viruses, a fact suggesting their activation and reproduction. Patients whose NK activity was within the range of that of healthy blood donors did not have serum IgM against CMV and EBV. Decreased NK activity and presence of specific IgM are associated with an increased number of LGL and monocytes, determined both by a monoclonal antibody (MEM-18) against their surface antigen, and morphologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Contribution to laboratory diagnosis of mumps and parainfluenza.

Specific IgM and IgG antibodies to mumps virus (MV) were detected in sera of mumps-patients by ELISA in agreement with the results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Of given sera 37.5% contained IgM reacting in indirect ELISA also with the antigens of parainfluenza virus (PiV) T3. In all patients with respiratory illness over 2 years of age, the significant increase of antibodies to PiV in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was in good correlation with serum IgM and IgG antibody levels to PiV T3 determined by ELISA; but, in addition, 30.7% of these sera cross-reacted with MV antigens. The cross-reactions were eliminated by using MV-nucleocapsid antigen in indirect ELISA, or in direct ELISA using the peroxidase-labelled whole virion antigen. In some children under two years of age a discrepancy was observed between the significant increase of serum antibodies in HI and the inability to detect specific IgM antibodies by means of ELISA in their sera. The low-avidity antibodies appearing after primary PiV infection were probably washed off during the ELISA procedure.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Specific IgM antibodies in the saliva of mumps patients.

Antibodies to mumps virus were detected in 63.5% of saliva samples from mumps patients. The secretory antibody response was of primary type. Specific IgM antibodies were found in some samples collected early after the onset of disease. Specific IgA were detected in later obtained samples. Persons over 15 years of age reacted more often and more promptly than the children. The authors discuss the possible significance of prior antigenic stimulation by related paramyxoviruses (namely parainfluenzaviruses) for the intensity of local antibody response to mumps virus infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Contribution to rapid diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.

By indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique humoral antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EB-VCA) and to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected in 47% and 9% of persons with infectious mononucleosis (IM), respectively. In 23% of the patients examined, IgM antibodies to both viruses were detected, while in 8% of them high titres of IgG only were found in the absence of IgM class antibodies to EB-VCA or to CMV. The finding of IgM antibody to EB-VCA was in good correlation with the persisting symptoms of the disease. Discrepancy between the presence of specific IgM and the absence of heterophilic antibodies was observed in some children and in all persons with persistent or recurrent signs of IM. In the latter, specific IgM was found only during exacerbation of the disease, but during remissions IgG antibodies persisted in high levels. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) were detected in all chronically ill persons and antibodies to the R-component of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EA) were present in the majority of them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Studies on prophylactic efficacy of N-2-hydroxyethyl palmitamide (Impulsin) in acute respiratory infections. Serologically controlled field trials.

The results of three serologically controlled double blind field trials in army units are presented. The evaluation of results according to morbidity, regardless of aetiology, showed a significant reduction in acute respiratory diseases (ARD) after administration of Impulsin. In the 1973 trial (901 volunteers), 22.7% of ARD cases were found in the Impulsin group contrary to 34.4% in the placebo group (P less than 0.0002). The relevant values in the 1974 trial (610 volunteers) were 19.7% and 40.7% (P less than 0.002) and in the 1975 trial (353 volunteers) 10.6% and 28.8% (P less than 0.004). The study of the immunological background in representative sets of volunteers allowed determination of the aetiology, the proportion of asymptomatic infections and possible deformation of results due to preexisting protective antibodies. Manifestation rate (MR) expressing the proportion of sick persons out of all sensitive subjects with serologically proved infection was found useful. This indicator is relatively independent of randomization and is more sensitive as compared to the incidence rate. In the 1973 trial, influenza A 2 England was prevalent, the MR of infection being 15.4% in the Impulsin group and 44.9% in the placebo group (P less than 0.0002). After elimination of persons with preinfection antibodies greater than or equal to 1:256 the corresponding values of MR were 17.6% and 46.6% (P less than 0.005), reflecting the "relatively clean effect" of Impulsin. In the 1974 trial, where influenza B Hong-Kong was prevalent, MR was 14.3% and 57.1%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Preinfection antibodies were negligible. The preliminary prophylactic index of the drug seemed to be 4.3 for combined adenoviral infections (trials 1973 and 1974 taken together). In the 1975 trial, the results of serological examination were unsatisfactory. Antibodies vs. influenza A Port Chalmers were found in 24.5% of ARD only. The differnce is aetiologically unclarified ARD was statistically significant. Although displaying a significant limitation of clinical infections, the administration of Impulsin did not seem to have any influence on the formation of antibodies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Type A influenza: postmortem virus isolations from different organs in human lethal cases.

Trachea, lung, liver, spleen, pancreas and brain of 77 heman patients who had died in the course of clinically diagnosed influenza were subjected to virological and histopathological examination. Type A influenza viruses closely related to the virus variants contemporarily in circulation were isolated from 12 of the lethal cases. In 10 of them, virus was demonstrated in organs other than respiratory, most often the brain. Influenza antigen was also demonstrated in brain tissue by immunofluorescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Inhalatory infection of mice with influenza A0/PR8 virus. I. The site of primary virus replication and its spread in the respiratory tract.

The replication of influenza A0/PR8 virus started and continued simultaneously in all parts of the respiratory tract, without any preferential susceptibility of any area of the epithelial lining when the virus was administered to mice in a sublethal dose in the form of aerosol. After intranasal instillation, the initial virus replication in the lung tissue preceded by 4 to 8 hours the rise in infectious virus titre in the trachea and by 21-24 hours the rise in the virus titre in the nasal mucosa. Under conditions of aersol inhalation, the mice represent a suitable model for pathogenetic studies.

Aerosols↗