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Biomedical subjects

V G Amatuni

Publications and source records attributed to V G Amatuni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The effect of a single dose of nifedipine, intal, sodium thiosulfate and Essentiale on the blood level of calcium, hydroperoxides, thiol compounds and prostaglandins in bronchial asthma patients].

A study was made of the impact of a single intake of nifedipine, intal, sodium thiosulfate and essentiale on respiratory function, the blood content of ionized calcium, total calcium, hydroperoxides, total and non-protein thiol groups, and prostaglandins in bronchial asthma patients. All the drugs exerted an antioxidant action, which is supported by the lowering of the content of hydroperoxides after their administration and by an increase of the content of thiol groups. A rise of the level of PGE and a considerable reduction of blood serum PGF2 alpha, most remarkable after essentiale administration were also noted. In patients given nifedipine in a dose of 20 mg, an insignificant broncholytic effect was recorded in more than half the cases. An appreciable rise of blood ionized calcium was seen in all the cases. Obviously, this is a direct consequence of its limited supply to the cells via calcium channels. In contrast to patients who received other drugs, those given intal demonstrated the lowering of blood serum ionized calcium and the growth of the content of bound calcium, which may be accounted for the transformation of ionized calcium to the bound condition.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1992

[The pathochemical mechanisms of bronchospasm after physical exertion in bronchial asthma patients].

As many as 71 bronchial asthma (BA) patients and 12 patients suffering from chronic asthmatic bronchitis were examined in the stage of subsiding exacerbation. Before and 10 minutes after exercise measurements were made of the blood content of histamine (H), PGF2 alpha and PGE, adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA), hydroperoxides (HP), and of the general and non-protein thiol groups. The initial level of H, PGF2 alpha, HP, A and NA was so much higher than the control value and the degree of its increase after exercise was so much more significant the more pronounced bronchospasm of effort (BE). The content of PGE after exercise rose to an approximately equal measure both in patients and in healthy subjects thereby pointing out to the relationship between the PGE increment and muscular work itself. The low level of thiol group in BA patients' blood determined by the pathological process was noticeably reduced after exercise, paralleled by an increase in the content of HP. Thus, muscular work in BA patients demonstrates high responsiveness of the systems that produce bronchoconstricting substances. It is likely that BE and its degree in BA patients may be predicted more significantly on the basis of the blood content of H, PGF2 alpha and HP rather than on the basis of the clinical and functional parameters.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Calcium-regulating system in bronchial asthma].

Calcium homeostasis was determined from ionized calcium (Ca2+), total calcium (Cat) and bound calcium (Cab) levels, content of calcium-regulating hormones: calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Lipid peroxidation (LPO) intensity was assessed from the blood plasma hydroperoxide level in 71 patients with bronchial asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis. The findings evidence that high blood serum levels of Ca2+ and Cab and a tendency to reduction of PTH content are characteristic of nonsevere and medium-severity atopic asthma. In bacterial asthma Ca2+ level increases at the expense of Cab, that is parallelled by elevation of CT content, as the disease progresses in severity. Blood CT level gradually decreases until it disappears completely in Stage III bacterial asthma, whereas PTH level grows. CT/PTH ratio may be an indicator of disturbed equilibrium in the CT-PTH hormonal system. In the course of treatment Ca2+ binding, most manifest in bacterial asthma, increases, CT level grows and PTH one reduces. A tendency to normalization of hormonal levels resultant from therapy does not eventuate in their complete recovery; hormonal levels remain shifted, this pointing to the essential contribution of endocrine mechanisms to calcium homeostasis disorders in asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of preliminary administration of alpha-tocopherol and intal on the course of experimental myocardial necrosis].

Morphofunctional state of myocardial capillary bed and serum creatine kinase were measured in 70 white rats with coronary arterial occlusion. Four-day pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and, particularly, intal, was conductive to the improvement of micro-circulation in the ischemized myocardium via an increase in the number, exchange surface area and capacity of functional capillaries. This effect became manifest since day 1 after coronary arterial occlusion and was accompanied by a stabilization of the creatine kinase level. The fact that the effect of intal was of basically the same type, but more pronounced, as compared to that of alpha-tocopherol, might be due to both the similarity of the drugs in terms of nonspecific antioxidant effect and specific properties of intal which has a membrane-protective effect on the mast cell, normalizing its stress-induced activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of alpha-tocopherol and Intal on heart capillary bed and lipid peroxide oxidation in experimental necrosis of the rat myocardium.

The effect of Intal and alpha-tocopherol on the morphofunctional state of myocardial capillary bed and peroxide oxidation of lipids (POL) was studied in 160 albino rats with coronary artery occlusion. The vascular effect of Intal consisted in increasing the number of functioning capillaries and enlargement of their exchange surface. alpha-tocopherol proved to be less effective in this respect. The authors assume that besides its influence on myocardial microcirculation through POL reduction, Intal supports the increase in the number of functioning capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Metabolic aspects of bronchial hyperreactivity to physical exertion in bronchial asthma].

The blood levels of stress mediators--catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), parameters characterizing the intensity of lipid peroxidation (hydroperoxides, blood antioxidant activity (from the levels of SH groups), and the content of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E (PGF2 alpha and PGE) were measured in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis before and after exercise. The studies have revealed that bronchial hyperreactivity to exercise is in accord with the high blood levels of catecholamines, hydroperoxides, PGF2 alpha and low content of thiol group reflecting the depression of the total antioxidant system in asthmatics. Increase of catecholamine, hydroperoxide, and PGF2 alpha levels and decrease of the total thiol group content after muscular exercise in the patients with bronchial asthma is in accord with the bronchial reactivity. Changes in the bronchoconstrictor PGF2 alpha are the most marked and measurements of its blood levels and computation of the PGF2 alpha/PGE coefficient may help assess the bronchial hyperreactivity without resorting to provocative tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Mast-cell mechanism of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and peroxidation of membrane lipids].

Examination of 155 patients with atopic, infection-dependent bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic asthmatic bronchitis in the phase of the disease exacerbation and remission has shown that hyperhistaminemia is common not only to atopic but also to infection-dependent BA. It is established that activation of lipid peroxidation of the membranes more pronounced during exacerbation and attacks of asthma is one of the most important alternative mechanisms of mast cell activation, that is supported by the data of experimental morphologic and biochemical studies of the effect exerted by peroxidized fatty acids on histamine liberation and mast cell degranulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Concentration of acid-soluble metabolites--middle molecules in the blood of bronchial asthma patients].

The level of the derivatives of protein and lipid metabolism increases in the blood of patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic asthmatic bronchitis (CAB), in particular that of peroxide radicals, the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO), the fraction of acid soluble metabolites--average mass molecules (AMM). The blood acquires unusual toxicity. The content of AMM in the blood of BA and CAB patients shows correlation with LPO and is in direct relation to severity of clinical symptoms. The removal of toxic products from the body by hemosorption promotes clinical remission and a decrease in AMM and LPO levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Significance of genetic and environmental factors in the occurrence of chronic bronchitis (a study of twins)].

A study of a sample of 47 pairs of twins with chronic bronchitis made it possible to determine a qualitative and quantitative role of hereditary factors in "exposure" to this disease. A lower inheritability ratio was revealed in chronic obstructive bronchitis as compared to chronic nonobstructive bronchitis indicating leading role of the environmental factors (smoking and industrial hazards) in the development of this type of the disease. The importance of these factors in the etiology of different types of chronic bronchitis is also confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in patients with bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis subjected to graded physical load].

A study was made of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic asthmatic bronchitis (CAB) before and after muscular exercise. Physical exercise in BA patients was accompanied by an increase in the amount of hydroperoxides and a raised activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a drop of peroxidase and catalase activity. Peroxidase and SOD activity did not increase in CAB patients in whom muscular exercise caused no bronchospastic syndrome in the presence of an increase in the amount of hydroperoxides.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1986

[Metabolic aspects of the differential diagnosis of chronic asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma].

The authors have presented an analysis of the results of a study of patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma to detect possible qualitative differences in changes of indices that characterize the intensity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant activity. With this aim in view the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), alpha-tocopherol content and SOD activity were determined. In patients with bronchial asthma a raised LPO level was noted in parallel with a decrease in alpha-tocopherol content and SOD activity up to the values below the normal ones. A degree of deviation of the indices from those in health depended on the gravity of a course of bronchial asthma. In patients with asthmatic bronchitis in exacerbation and remission with a raised LPO level alpha-tocopherol content and SOD activity remained within normal. These differences can be used for differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Importance of genetic factors and allergy in the occurrence of chronic bronchitis (a study of twins)].

The authors evaluate the qualitative and quantitative parameters characterizing hereditary predisposition to chronic bronchitis, both non-obstructive and obstructive patterns. The relationship was studied between allergoses and individual types of chronic bronchitis to establish the primary effect of allergy on the formation of chronic obstructive bronchitis as compared with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis, which was found to have a lower coefficient of heredity. Based on the difference in the proband concordance in mono- and dizygotic twins in respect of allergy the role of hereditary predisposition to the disease was revealed. The effects of some acute infectious respiratory diseases on the development and course of chronic bronchitis were studied.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1984

[Role of the hereditary factor in the genesis of chronic bronchitis].

Comparison of proband concordance of the phenotypic correlation coefficients according to the proneness to disease derived on analysis of the groups of mono- and dizygote twins born in 1930-1959 in the city of Yerevan presenting with chronic non-obstructive and chronic obstructive bronchitis revealed a substantial role of hereditary factors in the development of these patterns of chronic bronchitis. The inheritance coefficients calculated on the basis of the data obtained for chronic non-obstructive and chronic obstructive bronchitis point to the contribution of genetic factors to chronic bronchitis proneness among the population of the city of Yerevan.

Armenia↗
PubMed1984

[Determination of the correlations between oxidant and antioxidant systems in bronchial asthma].

The authors devised a method for calculating the correlations of alpha-tocopherol and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to lipid peroxidation (LPO), presented in the form of the following coefficients: K1 = alpha-tocopherol/LPO, K2 = = SOD/LPO X 100. In patients with a bronchial asthma attack, there was an appreciable decrease in the K1 and K2 with a tendency toward recovery in the inactive disease phase. The coefficients ascended to relatively high values if the patients responded well to the treatment. As the disease duration increased (up to 5 years), there was a progressive lowering of the coefficients, with the LPO values being the highest and with those of alpha-tocopherol and SOD being low. The estimates under study were discovered to depend on the external respiration as shown by spirography and pneumotachometry. It has been demonstrated that the coefficients suggested by the authors characterize not only the level of the LPO-AOA system compensation but also of the pathological process on the whole. The data obtained point to the importance of determining the coefficients for the assessment of the patient's status gravity, the degree of the improvement following treatment, the disease gravity, and prognosis.

Asthma↗