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Biomedical subjects

V G Barchukov

Publications and source records attributed to V G Barchukov.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Use of column and thin layer chromatography for detection of vanillyl mandelic acid in urine].

The excretion of vanillylmandelic acid was measured by column chromatography of urinary samples on aluminum oxide with subsequent thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. Use of aluminum oxide allowed application of greater urine samples (up to 0.1% of 24-h diuresis) onto chromatographic plates and essentially improved the quality of separation of vanillylmandelic acid from other phenylcarbonic acids by thin-layer chromatography, as well as the specificity and reproducibility of measurements.

Aluminum Chloride↗
PubMed2000

[The use of enterosorbents for preventing and stopping chronic toxic stress in submariners].

The efficiency of prophylactic intestinal sorbents use (algisorb and activated carbon) to prevent chronic toxic stress was investigated in 20 healthy volunteers (atomic submarine personnel) basing on evaluation of central nervous system functional state, hemodynamics, hepatic detoxicative ability and dynamics of trace elements in urine. It was revealed that intestinal sorbents administration in daily dose of 5 g during 20 days promotes gastrointestinal elimination of toxic compounds (cadmium, bismuth, chrome, molybdenum, lithium). It is accompanied with decrease in organism intoxication evidences: reduction in central nervous system excessive excitation, decrease in functional tension of cardiovascular system, recovery of hepatic detoxicative ability. Algisorb has an advantage over activated carbon that allows to recommend this drug in prophylaxis and arresting of chronic toxic stress in submariners both during interfield period and autonomic sailing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[The neuro- and psychophysiological effects of bromantane].

The study of EEG and psychophysiological parameters and their correlations in 10 healthy volunteers after single oral administration of bromantan in comparison with placebo revealed favourable influence of the drug on operators' functional state. By EEG-profile (increase in middle-frequency alpha-rhythm power with lowering of powers in delta- and beta1-bands) bromantan is similar to many drugs with moderate psychostimulating, antiamnestic and antihypoxic properties. Bromantan does not alter the subjective state and principal components of operators' performance in untired men but promotes the appearance of EEG-signs of moderate vigilance rise and forming of productive action state coupled with favourable for precise motor performance tremor reduction. Operator's functional state optimization leads to extension of reserve abilities and probably causes efficiency of bromantan as a well known remedy for maintenance of high working capacity in tired operators and under extreme conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Adamantane derivatives enhancing body's resistance to emergencies].

A total of 329 novel adamantane derivatives have been synthesized and pharmacologically studied. Among them, the compounds containing halogen-containing aromatic radicals in the second position show the most pronounced effect on animal resistance to the emergencies induced by its habitat and performance. N-(2-adamantyl)-N-(para-bromphenyl)amine (bromantane) possesses a low toxicity, a high ability to enhance the physical and operant working maintenance of animals, to accelerate its recovery in developed fatigue, in hyperthermia and hypoxia in particular. 2-(para-chlorobenzoylamine)adamantane (chlodantane) has the processes of a rapid-action adaptogenic agent by enhancing the resistance of animals to various physical and toxically chemical noxious agents. The two compounds have immunostimulating effects in secondary stress-induced immunodeficiencies whose mechanism of action is a membranous protective activity.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1994

[The prediction of the cranioplasty outcomes after gunshot wounds of the skull and brain].

A number of application programs for IBM PC AT was worked out to meet the requirements of a new method applied for prognostication of cranioplasty results in patients with craniocerebral injuries. This method uses an old one based on Bayes formula. The authors analysed 155 craniocerebral injuries which were inflicted in Afghanistan in the period from September 1984 till November 1988. It was proved that such methods increase the accuracy of prognostication as far as the outcomes of reconstructive operations for gunshot craniocerebral injuries are concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The biochemical mechanisms of the decrease in work capacity in sailors exposed to high temperatures and the possible means for their pharmacological correction].

The studies conducted on experimental animals and volunteers have proved that the increase of adrenalin, histamine, and serotonin ration in blood was caused by hyperthermic conditions. Activation of hormonal systems leads to acceleration of biochemical processes and to reduction of substrates in organs and tissues (such as regenerated glutathione, histidine) which are necessary for normal health status. A conclusion is made that the metabolite depletion of biochemical reactions provoke the reduction of job performance of man in the conditions of hyperthermic influence. Methods of medicamentous therapy are proposed to maintain the normal job performance of seamen in the conditions of unfavourable influence of high temperatures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Operator activity and changes in the functional state of central adrenergic systems (a neurophysiological study)].

With a view to increasing the quality of prognosis of the effect of central adrenergic drugs upon the operator psychophysiological state and performance, we studied correlations between changes in the psychophysiological performance parameters and the spectral-coherent EEG characteristics in a group of 20 healthy volunteers after moderate enhancement or reduction of the central adrenergic system activity by yohimbine and pyrroxan. The two drugs produced a marked opposite influence (positive for yohimbine and negative for pyrroxan) upon the visual memory, attention, and visual signal analysis, which was correlated with opposing changes in the EEG characteristics, predominantly in the right hemisphere. This result must be taken into account in determining indications and co-unterindications for the particular drug administration to working operators.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurophysiological and psychopharmacological effects of eiconol--a complex of unsaturated fatty acids].

The effect of omega-3 polyunsturated fatty acids on the psychophysiological state of an operator was studied and mechanisms of the drug action were analyzed based on the EEG data. Changes in the psychophysiological and hemodynamic characteristics, EEG, and catecholamine excretion after a 30-day administration of eiconol--a complex of unsaturated fatty acids--in a daily dose of 8 g were studied in a group of 16 middle-aged healthy male operators. It was established that eiconol decreases systolic arterial pressure, reduces adrenalin excretion with urine, imparts the sense of well-being, improves the parameters of activity and the attention stability and concentration, and decreases the level of static tremor. The drug reduces basic anxiety level and motivation to the operator performance, but at the expense of some decrease in the sensomotor coordination. By the pattern of EEG profile changes, including an increase in the theta (5-7 Hz) and beta (15-28 Hz) bands and a decrease in the delta (0.8-2.0 Hz) band, eiconol resembles psychotropic agents of the adrenoblocking and GABA-ergic types, especially benzodiazepine activators.

Dietary Fats, Unsaturated↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of heat-protective effects of bromantane at various levels of overheating].

The thermoprotective properties of bromantane were studied during overheating. Simultaneously with the known effects on heat exchange and sensitivity to high temperatures bromantane caused a decrease in ranges of heat tolerance, increased the rate of SVTK growth as well as altered protein metabolism and antioxidant protection and also affected the autonomic regulation of heat exchange which were essential in adaptation. At the same time, during ergothermal loading accompanied by any troubles in evaporation and heat exchange, marked thermoprotective efficiency of bromantane was compared for its ability to improve muscle dynamometry and hemodynamics as compared with control values.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The therapeutic efficacy and the effect of gidazepam and fenazepam on the psychophysiological status and on the performance of operators with mental disorders at a neurotic level].

The effect of placebo and gidazepam on the state, psychophysiological predictors of the quality of the operator's performance and its results in individuals with neurotic reactions was studied (test dose 20 mg 7-day course, 40 mg daily, 24 individuals), as well as the effect of gidazepam and phenazepam (42 individuals with neurotic and neurosis-like states; gidazepam test doses 20 and 50 mg, 14-day course, 40 and 100 mg daily; phenazepam test doses 0.5 and 1 mg, 14-day course, daily dose 2 mg). The generally accepted methods of clinical and psychophysiological examination were applied. Gidazepam in the doses under study did not yield to phenazepam in therapeutic activity. A single and a course administration of gidazepam improved the parameters of the psychophysiological state and the efficacy of the operator performance in patients with neurotic reactions and in those with neurotic and neurosis-like states. This makes it possible, whenever necessary, to recommend this drug for the treatment of the indicated disorders in the working operators.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prognosis of the results of extracorporeal lithotripsy in treating urolithiasis].

We have analyzed retrospectively 200 case histories of either responders or nonresponders to extracorporeal lithotripsy (ECL). Using stochastic methods, we have identified 15 urolithiasis signs and symptoms essential for prediction of ECL outcomes. The data have been summarized with Bayes' methods and special software for personal computer have been developed facilitating the prognosis of ECT effectiveness. As shown by the results achieved in 330 urolithiasis patients treated in 1992-1996, the application of the computer raised the effectiveness of ECL from 82 to 94%.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of gidazepam on the cardiovascular system function in patients with neurotic reactions and in healthy subjects under aggravated conditions].

Administration of 0.05 g gidazepam once or twice daily for 7 days increased the stroke volume (SV) and circulation volume (CV) and reduced total peripheral resistance in neurotic patients. In healthy individuals 0.05 g gidazepam administered 60 min before an important examination stabilized CV. In subjects kept for 60 min in a microclimate with increasing temperature (55 +/- 2 degrees C, relative humidity 75-80%, rate of movement 1.5 m/min, rectal temperature at the end of exposure 39 degrees C) 0.05 g gidazepam administered 60 min before overheating optimally reorganized the reaction of the cardiovascular system, stabilized the SV at the initial level, which together with the growing heart rate increased the CV and provided sufficient perfusion of the vital organs. In healthy subjects working as operators for 4 h under conditions of hypercapnia (1.5% CO2), a single administration of 0.05 g gidazepam one hour before the beginning of work reduced the pulse pressure and increased the SV. The results obtained are evidence of the safety of using gidazepam as a corrector of emotion-induced disorders in operator performance under extreme conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of gidazepam on the activity of the sympatho-adrenal system in operators working under the usual and complicated conditions].

In healthy volunteers a single dose (0.05 g) of hydazepam does not change, but in subjects with psychogenic stress-reactions one-week course of the drug (0.05 g/24 h) intensifies to optimum activation of the sympathoadrenal system in response to standard operator load, inducing prevalent excretion of norepinephrine but not of epinephrine in the urine and maintains a high level of dopamine and DOPA excretion. In operators working in a state of hypercapnia and hyperthermia a single dose of hydazepam (0.05 g) blocks stress activation of the sympathoadrenal system. In a state of hyperthermia hydazepam normalizes the blood histamine and serotonin content. In all cases hydazepam improves the condition of the operators and the quality of their work, which allows it to be considered an effective and safe agent for the correction of stress-induced disorders in operators.

Adaptation, Physiological↗