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V G Chalian

Publications and source records attributed to V G Chalian.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Aggression and composition of conflicting pairs in Green monkeys].

The aggressive behaviour of Green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) maintained in corrals of Adler Primate Center was studied. The influence of the composition conflicting pairs, the quality of their relationships as well as the relatedness and hierarchic relations between the antagonists on the intensity and structure of aggressive relationships was investigated. It was found that the frequency of contact forms of aggression was not dependent on the composition of conflicting pairs of animals. At the same time, the frequency of non-contact forms of aggression was influenced by such parameters as the membership of antagonists in the same or different gender categories, belonging to one or different matrilines, as well as the quality of relationships and the rank of antagonists.

Aggression↗
PubMed2004

[Study of reconciliation in anubis baboons].

The study of post-conflict reconciliation in corral living anubis baboons was carried out. It was established that more than third part of the all the conflicts were followed with reconciliation, and the mean value for the frequency of reconciliation tendency was 27.3 +/- 2.4. The frequency of reconciliation in different categories of conflicting pairs of animals was comparable. 75% of cases of reconciliation occurred during the first 2 minutes after the conflict. Use of definite behavioral patterns by the individuals for demonstration of reconciliation depended on sex of the participants and on their role in the conflict. Differences in the indices of reconciliation tendency in high and low rank monkeys were found.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

[Infanticide in hamadryas baboons].

The results of 20-year study of infanticide cases in hamadryas baboon troop of the Sukhumi colony and 10-year observations in Gumista Natural Reserve are presented. The allopatric behaviour which may be the cause of infant death, is shown to be common for 4-7 year old males. In behaviour of older males directed to the infants the elements of aggression predominate. The majority of injuries and infanticide by males takes place in the situations associated with a dominant male change in the group or with the introduction of new females into the groups. In the groups where the social relationships are not fully organized, the appearance of infant leads to decrease of dominant male function and to appropriation of infant by a male and its traumatizing. As a result of infanticide the infants of young 4-7 year old females die most of all. The death of infants commonly occurs during the introduction of young males into the group. The probability of infanticide during the introduction of older males is lower.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

[Acclimatization of hamadryas baboons on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus: their territorial behavior].

The territorial behaviour of hamadryas baboon troop was studied from November 1984 up to February 1986. The observations were carried out from the time of animals' awakening till their arrangement for a night sleep using the method of daily tracking with recording to behavioural action frequency for all visible animals with definite intervals. It has been established that the size of habitat ranges depends on food resources. The travels across the territory has a seasonal nature.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of stress-inducing factors on the behavior of monkeys. I. The behavior of monkeys under acute emotional stress].

The behavior of Papio hamadryas pubertal males under the immobilizational stress conditions has been studied. It has been established that this very type of stress appeared to be a powerful irritant for the individuals of this species and age leading them into the depression state. The process of normalization of behavior after the 2-hour immobilization lasted for about 72 h. The main consequences of the stress were the violation of locomotion, the reception by individuals of unnatural postures, the trembling of limbs and the violation of coordination. The reaction of stress was greatly influenced by the position of individual in the hierarchic system. The dominant (alpha) and the most subdominant (z) males bore the stress easier. The intensification of food activity was marked within the male z. In certain period after the immobilization the tendency of the growth of friendly contacts between the individuals was found. The frequency of aggressive behavior after the stress lowered. The violation of manipulation activity was also marked. These regularities are of great importance for the reconstruction of group social behavior models of protohominid's societies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Ethological analysis of monkey behavior in biomedical research].

The importance of ethological analysis of primates behaviour during the medicobiologic research has been shown. The concrete examples of methods of differentiation and registration of behavioral patterns in the models of psychoemotional stress in primates are given. The systemic approach to the study of behaviour allows to determine the behavioral data of the individual state--the composition of functional spheres, the number of elements, the frequency of their appearance, the system of domination-subjection characteristics of the sequences of behavioral acts and to find out their dynamics in different stages of experiment. The comparison of these data with physiologicobiochemical data is necessary to obtain the integral picture of individual reaction to the experimental factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Chromosome identification in Macaca arctoides based on study of the differential staining pattern (G-discs). Comparison with Papio hamadryas G-discs].

Linear chromosome differentiation pattern of Macaca arctoides was studied using the Romanovsky-Gimsa stain (G-banding). The possibility of the identification of all chromosome pairs according to these data is demonstrated. The phenomenon of the irregular intercellular and chromosome differentiation is found out and a suggestion is made about its relation to a real mosaic functional activity of cell genomes. A great similarity in linear chromosome differentiation for 2 from 42 studied chromosome types of Macaca arctoides (genus Macaca) and Papio hamadryas (genus Papio) is shown. On the basis of these data it is supposed that in the divergency process of these species the chromosome microaberrations and molecular mutations played an important role, while large chromosome reconstructions were of no importance. The similar G-banding pattern of both metacentric chromosome arms in two species is found and this suggests an isochromosome mechanism of their occurance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spontaneous and experimental hepatitis A in Papio hamadryas].

Data on high susceptibility of Papio hamadryas to HAV are presented. For the first time, P. hamadryas were shown to be able to respond to both natural and experimental infection developing the features typical of hepatitis A: increased aminotransferase activity, virus shedding in feces, production of anti-HAV IgG and IgM, histological liver lesions. An infection lingering for 3-4 months was observed, as well as a case of chronic experimental hepatitis A with relapse in 7 months of the disease. Virological evidence of HAV infection was obtained in both lingering and chronic disease. HAV-PH strain was isolated for the first time and is described at length. It was isolated from a baboon with spontaneous infection which did not differ from that in man by antigenic and morphological features. The virus replicated in continuous African green monkey kidney cell line (AGMK) and was pathogenic for P. hamadryas. The HAV-PH isolate can be used for modelling hepatitis A in P. hamadryas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Encephalomyocarditis in hamadryas baboons].

In 1978--1979, four cases of encephalomyocarditis were recorded in baboons in a simian preserve of the USSR AMS Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy located in the Zapadnyaya Gumista river valley. The diagnosis was made on the basis of virological and pathomorphological examinations. The isolate recovered from the dead monkeys was identical with the prototype strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) and the EMC-70 strain previously isolated by us from M. rhesus monkeys. The infection of monkeys caused by the EMC-78/79 virus involved a severe affection of the myocardium of the type of parenchymatous-interstitial myocarditis, moderate encephalitis in the central nervous system, inflammatory changes in the brown fat and cross-striated muscles. An experimental infection in guinea pigs and mice exhibited similar features.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of a method for creating a colony of Macaca mulatta, free of herpes B virus infection].

To form the colony of monkeys, free of herpes B virus, the serological study was made with the aim of finding out the carriers of this virus. 482 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from the Adler monkey house were examined for the presence of antibodies to herpes B virus by the method of point immunoblotting with the use of Herpes virus simiae as antigen. The contamination of monkeys in different open-air cages varied from 12.5% to 92%. In different age groups, it was 27% in nonpubescent monkeys (49 out of 182 animals), 55% in adolescent monkeys (55 out of 99), 73% in pubescent monkeys (131 out of 179) and 95% in monkeys over 15 years (21 out of 22 animals). 9 groups of rhesus macaques (comprising altogether 81 animals), free of herpes B virus, were selected. The monkeys were repeatedly tested within a year; after that 10-17% of formerly seronegative monkeys were rejected and removed from the selected group. After the third testing 2.5% more of the animals were found to have seroconversion. The colony of rhesus macaques thus created exists at present. The animals are subjected to constant serological observation.

Aging↗