Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V G Druzhinin.
The authors present results of complex study concerning mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of work conditions in chemical-recovery industry. Oncologic morbidity and frequency of chromosomal aberrations in workers group is considerably higher than in controls. These effects appear to increase in males with longer length of service.
Genomic dosage (copy number) of active ribosomal genes was evaluated using visual semi-quantitative method determining the sizes of Ag-NORs in acrocentric chromosomes after selective silver nitrate staining. A relationship between the length of service and the active ribosomal gene copy number was established: the highest numbers of active rRNA genes were observed in coke-oven workers with a length of service exceeding 20 years. An inverse relationship between the individual doses of active ribosomal genes and toxicogenetic susceptibility of the workers to the occupational factors was also revealed.
The phenotype frequency distributions of several classical blood genetic markers and dermatoglyphic characters were analyzed in workers of Siberian aluminum plants who had occupational fluorosis. Comparison with healthy workers revealed significant differences in frequencies of several markers. Phenotypes B (AB0), D (Rh), MN (MN), P1 (P), Le a (Lewis), Gc 2-1, Cx (on both hands), Th/I+ (on the left hand), C3, and C4 (HLA) were associated with higher risk of occupational fluorosis.
The results of a 15-year study of chromosome aberration frequency in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects living in the Kuzbass industrial region are presented. The database for the analysis of the main parameters of chromosome aberrations contains data on 925 subjects, with the total number of cells examined being 92,900. It has been found that the total frequency of aberrant metaphases in the database is 3.73 +/- 0.1%, whereas this frequency for the sample of subjects from industrial areas of this region (the basic control group) is significantly lower (2.86 +/- 0.26%). It has been demonstrated that the sex and age of the subjects do not affect substantially the frequency of any type of chromosome aberrations. Tobacco smoking is associated with a slight increase in chromosome damage frequency; however, the difference between smokers and nonsmokers is insignificant even among subjects exposed to occupational hazards. The possible causes that have determined the increased basic and background chromosome aberration frequencies in the population of the Kemerovo oblast compared to these parameters for the European part of Russia and the CIS are discussed.
The authors studied frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 48 ore mining and processing workers exposed to occupational hazards complex. Finding is significantly increased frequency of CA, when compared to that in reference groups. Level of structural CA in the main group appeared not to depend on age, sex and bad habits (smoking). The study revealed indirect dependence between cytogenetic disorders frequency and length of service.
Long-term cytogenetic monitoring was carried out in adolescents of the town of Kemerovo. In total, aberrant metaphase frequency increased from 1.53% in 1992 to 4.40% in 1996 in Kemerovo adolescents, being significantly higher than a control frequency from 1993 to 1996. In all samples, chromosome aberrations mostly included acentric fragments, while exchanges were rare. The highest number of aberrations per aberrant metaphase was 2 in Kemerovo adolescents and 1 in the control sample. The observed increase in total number of chromosome aberrations suggests that the mutagenic effect of chemical environmental pollutants on Kemerovo adolescents increased over the five years.
The authors studied frequencies of chromosomal aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in workers of coal-tar chemical plant (34 individuals). The studies revealed significant increase of CA frequency (7.97 +/- 0.63%), when compared with reference groups 3.37 +/- 0.39% and 3.64 +/- 0.37%.
Results of a population and cytogenetic survey conducted on groups of adolescents from ecologically different parts of Kemerovskaya oblast, a large industrialized area in Western Siberia, are presented. Significant inter-group variations in the frequencies of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations were detected. In adolescents from the small miners' towns of Tashtagol and Myski, located in the southern part of the region, the highest frequencies of chromosome aberrations were revealed (5.87 +/- 0.62% and 6.72 +/- 0.54%, respectively). The peculiarities of the qualitative spectrum of cytogenetic defects observed suggested that the populations studied were exposed to radiation. The mean frequency of chromosome aberrations in groups of adolescents from Kemerovo, a large center of chemical industry, was equal to 3.49 +/- 0.44%, which is an additional evidence of mutagenic exposure. Chromosomal mutagenesis in this case is thought to be induced mainly by chemical genotoxic agents. However, the mutagenic effects of low doses of radiation cannot be excluded.
Considerable variations in the frequency of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations were revealed during a cytogenetic study of two groups of adolescents from ecologically different areas of Kemerovskaya oblast'. In a sample of adolescents living in an industrial center (the Kemerovo city), this parameter (1.4 +/- 0.37%) did not exceed the population average value, whereas adolescents of the same age from a mountain region with sparse industry (the town of Tashtagol) exhibited, on average, a frequency of 5.87 +/- 0.62%. An increased proportion of chromosomal-type aberrations in the qualitative spectrum of cytogenetic damage, which was observed for the group of adolescents from Tashtagol, suggests that this population was exposed to radiation.
Levels of spontaneous and of C-mitomycine and cyclophosphane-induced chromosome aberrations are determined among the persons not subject to professionally industrial hazards. It has been revealed that in all the experimental series the aberration rate in those, who carried extreme polymorphic variants, was much higher compared to those without these variants in their karyotypes. Among the persons with the above extreme versions, the impact of chromosome ruptures is stronger in the vicinity of the structural heterochromatin. Possible causes of the discovered phenomenon are discussed.
Cytogenetic study of adolescents in a large industrial city (n = 211) and donors (n = 41) showed an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations per 100 lymphocytes in urban adolescents from 1.58 +/- 0.41 in 1992 to 4.53 +/- 0.48 in 1996. A significant increase in the spontaneous level of aberrations (2.02 +/- 0.21) was observed starting from 1993. Time course of the number of chromosomal aberrations and components of the environment (radiation background, chemical pollution of potable water, foodstuffs, and atmospheric air) in the city of Kemerovo in 1992-1996 are compared. According to the data of analysis of correlations, the most significant genotoxicants are nitrogen oxide (II), methanol, and benz(a)pyrene.
The paper comparatively assesses the level and qualitative spectrum of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 192 workers engaged in 3 industries (cake and by-product, aluminum, and mining concentration processes). The maximum and minimum rates (6.43(+)-0.32% and 3.81(+)-0.46%) of CA have been observed in those engaged in cake and by-product and mining concentration processes, respectively. The combined influence of chemical and radiation factors are a cause of the higher rate of CA. Gender- and age-specific features do not effect on the level of structural CA. Smoking is a factor of their slight modification as there are no significant differences in the frequencies of aberrations between smokers and non-smokers in any professional group. There is an indirect relationship between the frequency of CA and the length of service, which may be different under the conditions of various industries.
The level and qualitative spectrum of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations (CA) were comparatively analyzed in the lymphocytes of 655 children and adolescents from the Kemerovo Region. The presented sample was divided into 3 groups according to the type of an inhabited locality: 1) small miner's towns; 2) large industrial towns; and 3) rural localities. The maximum frequency of CA (3.77 +/- 0.22%) was noted in a group of dwellers in the miner's towns; its minimum frequency (2.68 +/- 0.17%) among the rural inhabitants. The significant clastogenic effects (including the markers of radiation exposure) were detected in the miner's towns located in the southern part of the region, which represented mountain and submountain areas. At the same time, in the northern and western parts of the Kemerovo Region, the average frequencies of CA in children and adolescents did not exceed the control background values. Thus, the residence in the inhabited localities specializing in mining is not a factor of absolute toxicogenetic risk.