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Biomedical subjects

V Gaus

Publications and source records attributed to V Gaus.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[EURAP: the European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy].

All old-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are considered to be teratogenic. In Germany, one out of 200 pregnant women (0.5%) is treated with AEDs for epilepsy. The risk of major malformations following exposure to AEDs during the first trimester of pregnancy is two to three times the rate reported in the general population, which is estimated at 2-3%. The risks associated with the treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy are therefore of major concern to all women of childbearing potential with epilepsy. Data on the comparative teratogenicity of these AEDs in humans are, however, conflicting, mainly due to inadequate sample sizes and other methodological shortcomings of previous studies. The teratogenic potential of newer AEDs is even less well known, which prevents a rational approach to AED treatment in women of childbearing potential. The European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy is a prospective international multicentre study of pregnancies with AEDs. In Germany the project was started in 2001 and so far more than 500 pregnancies have been enrolled. The enrollment rate is 4% of 4,000 pregnancies with AEDs reported annually.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1996

Weight reduction and fluid intake in an obese and fluid noncompliant ESRD patient.

This case study describes the application of a behavioral weight reduction program to an obese ESRD patient who was also fluid noncompliant. The major purpose of the study was to determine whether the behavioral weight reduction program could be successfully applied to a hemodialysis patient, and if so, what effect reduced caloric intake would have on fluid intake. Based on animal and human studies showing a strong relation between eating and drinking, it was expected that body weight reduction would be accompanied by reduced fluid intake. On the other hand, an alternative psychological hypothesis suggested that increased fluid intake might be substituted for reduced food intake. The results of the weight reduction program indicated that a successful weight reduction of 42 lbs was maintained over an 18-month follow-up period. However, fluid intake increased during periods when caloric intake was reduced. Overall, the results indicated that behavioral weight reduction programs can be successfully applied to weight reduction in obese hemodialysis patients but that ways to avoid increased fluid intake need to be carefully addressed by such programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Strategies of social comparison among people with low self-esteem: self-protection and self-enhancement.

People with low self-esteem (LSE) seem to focus on self-protection; rather than trying to achieve gains for their self-esteem, they try to avoid losses. This research examined, in a social comparison context, the hypothesis that LSEs seek self-enhancement when they have an opportunity that is "safe," that is, carrying little risk of humiliation. Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that LSEs sought the most social comparisons after receiving success feedback, whereas high-self-esteem Ss (HSEs) sought the most comparisons after failure. Further results suggested that LSEs who succeeded were seizing a safe means of self-enhancement and that HSEs who failed were seeking to compensate for the failure. Also supporting this interpretation for LSEs was Experiment 3, in which LSEs who succeeded sought the most comparisons when such comparisons promised to be favorable. All three studies illustrate the value of a new measure of social comparison selection.

Adolescent↗