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V Goulet

Publications and source records attributed to V Goulet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Surveillance of human listeriosis in France, 2001-2003.

Mandatory notification of listeriosis began in France in 1999. Enhanced public health surveillance, including routine molecular characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes strains, epidemiologic follow up of cases, and collection of food samples, has improved the sensitivity of outbreak detection and response. The incidence of listeriosis declined from 4.5 cases/million in 1999-2000 to approximately 3.5 cases/million during the period 2001-2003. Clinical, demographic and microbiological characteristics of listeriosis in France remained stable during this time period. Maternal-fetal infections accounted for 24% of all cases. Serovar 4b accounted for 49% of cases and 60% of case clusters. The incidence of listeriosis in France has declined and is now lower than in several other European countries.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2006

Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum surveillance in France 2004-2005.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis strains belonging to the L1, L2 or L3 genotype. An alert about an outbreak of LGV among MSM in the Netherlands was published in January 2004. The first cases of rectal LGV in France were retrospectively diagnosed in March 2004 and sentinel surveillance for LGV was implemented in April 2004. Most of the participating centres were located in the cities of Paris and Bordeaux. Only confirmed rectal LGV cases were included in the surveillance. Rectal specimens from men that were found to be positive for C trachomatis by PCR were sent to the National Reference Centre for Chlamydia infection for genotyping. Simple epidemiological data provided by clinicians and genotyping results were sent to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) where data were anonymously recorded. A total of 328 C. trachomatis rectal strains isolated in men were genotyped by the end of December 2005. Of these, 244 (74%) were LGV strains belonging to the L2 genotype. No L1 or L3 C. trachomatis genotype was found. Diagnosis was made retrospectively for 46 cases. The median age of patients with LGV was 39 years. HIV status was known for 96 patients: 82/96 (85%) were HIV-infected. Most LGV cases were diagnosed in the Paris area (92%). Among the remaining 26% C. trachomatis strains, genotypes Da and G were the most frequent. As with syphilis in recent years, the emergence of LGV in Europe is mainly affecting HIV-infected MSM. The screening and treatment of STIs should be included in the clinical follow-up of all HIV-infected MSM.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in France].

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) in France are reported on a voluntary basis through several sentinel surveillance systems. METHODS: To monitor STI, sentinel laboratory- or clinician-based surveillance systems were set up by the Institut de Veille Sanitaire: gonorrhea surveillance (Renago) in 1986, Chlamydia infections surveillance (Renachla) in 1989, and more recently, syphilis surveillance in 2000 and rectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in 2004. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2003, 1,089 syphilis infections were reported. Most of the cases were diagnosed in men having sex with men (MSM) and were mainly reported by STI clinics located in the Paris area. From 1997 to 2000, an increase of gonorrhea was observed each year. After two years of stable trend, the prevalence of gonorrhea increased again in 2003. From 2002 to 2004, 123 LGV cases were diagnosed in France and were observed only in MSM. Since 2001, Chlamydia infections have steadily increased, particularly in women. COMMENTS: Because STI surveillance is based on a voluntary basis, the number of reported cases is probably lower than the number of STI diagnosed in France. However, the data provided by the different surveillance systems reveals that STI have been increasing in France since 1997. Moreover, the resurgence of syphilis in 2000 and the emergence of rectal LGV in 2004 indicate that these STI occur mainly in MSM. Trends on incidence and patients characteristics observed in France are similar to those of several Europeans countries. European Public Health interventions are becoming necessary to prevent and control STI.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2005

[An outbreak of appendectomies in La Désirade, Guadeloupe, August 1995-July 1996].

BACKGROUND: In October 1995, over 50 cases of appendectomies among the 1.605 residents of the island La Désirade (Guadeloupe) were reported by the only island clinician to the local health authority. We describe the outbreak investigations which were implemented in order to describe the phenomenon and generate hypotheses on its cause. METHODS: An exhaustive case finding of residents having undergone appendectomy between 10 August 1995 and 22 July 1996 was conducted. We reviewed the medical charts of the cases; read pathology slides; interviewed cases and their families to retrieve detailed clinical history; studied the prevalence of markers of infection and of stool pathogens and analysed water supply quality data. RESULTS: We identified 226 cases of appendectomy (14% of the island population), 40% in May-June 1996, 46% in males and 40% under 15 years of age. Clinical, biological and pathological findings were heterogeneous and did not support the hypothesis of an outbreak of appendicitis. The study of abdominal symptoms in the families of the cases did not support person to person transmission but revealed frequent, subacute or chronic abdominal complaints. The analysis of markers of infection or of stool bacteria and parasites in a self selected sample of the island population was not suggestive. Water supply did not show any bacterial or chemical contamination. CONCLUSION: The investigation of a large outbreak of appendectomies was unable to find a single infectious or toxic origin to a high prevalence of chronic abdominal symptoms in an isolated population. An inappropriate medical answer in an isolated population probably turned heterogeneous complaints into an outbreak with major public health consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Two consecutive nationwide outbreaks of Listeriosis in France, October 1999-February 2000.

In France, listeriosis surveillance is based on mandatory notification of all culture-confirmed cases, with systematic typing of isolates and routine collection of the patient's food history. From October 1999 to March 2000, two outbreaks of listeriosis were detected through this enhanced surveillance system. In outbreak 1, analysis of the food histories of cases suggested brand X "rillettes," a pâté-like meat product, as the vehicle of infection, and the outbreak strain of Listeria monocytogenes was subsequently isolated from the incriminated rillettes. In outbreak 2, a case-control study showed that consumption of jellied pork tongue was strongly associated with infection with the outbreak strain (odds ratio = 75.5, 95% confidence interval: 4.7, 1,216.0). However, trace-back results did not permit incrimination of any particular manufacturer of jellied pork tongue, and the outbreak strain was not isolated from the incriminated food or from any production sites. Consumption of jellied pork tongue was discouraged on epidemiologic evidence alone. The consecutive occurrence of these two outbreaks confirms the epidemic potential of listeriosis, even in a context of decreasing incidence, and underlines the importance of timely case-reporting and systematic typing of human L. monocytogenes strains to allow early detection and separate investigation of different clusters.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The capacity of Porphyromonas gingivalis to multiply under iron-limiting conditions correlates with its pathogenicity in an animal model.

Isolates of Porphyromonas gingivalis have various abilities to induce infections in an animal model. The hypothesis of this study was that pathogenic strains of P. gingivalis could multiply under iron-limiting conditions, while non-pathogenic strains could not. Three pathogenic strains (W50, W83, and ATCC 49417) grew to a final optical density (660 nm) > 2 in horse serum, while the growth of the 3 non-pathogenic strains (ATCC 33277, LB13D-2, and HW24D-1) was negligible. When an excess of hemin or ferric chloride was added to the serum, significant growth of the non-pathogenic strains occurred. Under iron-limiting conditions, the pathogenic strains of P. gingivalis had a much lower requirement for human iron-loaded transferrin and hemin than the non-pathogenic strains. Proteolytic degradation of transferrin, which may be associated with the release of iron, was not markedly different for pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. In addition, no relationship could be established between the level of 55Fe uptake from 55Fe-transferrin and the pathogenicity of strains. Our study provided evidence that the ability of P. gingivalis to multiply in vitro under iron-limiting conditions may be correlated with its ability to induce infections in an animal model. Isolates of P. gingivalis possessing a low requirement for iron are likely to have a higher potential for initiating periodontal infections.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemiology of human Listeria infections in France].

Human listeriosis is a relatively rare but serious disease with case fatality rates between 20 and 30%. The majority of patients who have listeriosis present with meningitis or septicaemia. Listeriosis during pregnancy can lead to a congenital infection, neonatal sepsis and meningitis or foetal death. The main mode of transmission is through contaminated foods. The infection usually occurs sporadically but small outbreaks and even large epidemics have occurred in a large number of industrialised countries. During the last 10 years several Listeria monocytogenes control measures have been introduced and implemented at the retail level and in production for plants or foods potentially contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. During this period the incidence of listeriosis decreased substantially and is at present estimated at 300-400 cases annually.

Food Contamination↗
PubMed1999

Risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in pregnancy: a case-control study in France.

Each year an estimated 4900 cases of primary Toxoplasma infection occur in pregnant women in France, a country with a high prevalence. Since 1992 all pregnant women at risk of Toxoplasma infection have been required to undergo monthly serological testing. This case-control study, the first of its kind in France, was undertaken to identify risk factors for Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy, with a view to improving primary prevention among non-immune pregnant women. A total of 80 pregnant women who seroconverted to Toxoplasma were matched with 80 pregnant women who had repeatedly negative tests. The women were interviewed by telephone, using a standardized questionnaire, to determine socio-demographic characteristics, exposure to possible risk factors and the type of information on prevention received during pregnancy. The risk factors for Toxoplasma infection included in a multivariate analysis were poor hand hygiene (OR = 9.9; 95%CI: 0.8-125), consumption of undercooked beef (OR = 5.5; 95%CI: 1.1-27), having a pet cat (OR =4.5; 95%CI: 1.0-19.9), frequent consumption of raw vegetables outside the home (OR = 3.1; 95%,CI: 1.2-7.7) and consumption of undercooked lamb (OR = 3.1; 95%CI: 0.85-14). Receipt of documentary advice on prevention was associated with a lower risk of infection. Prevention campaigns among pregnant women in France could be improved and should focus on eating habits, hand hygiene and cats.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Epidemiology of infectious endocarditis].

The incidence of infective endocarditis (20 to 160 cases per million inhabitants yearly) increases with age; it does not seem to be decreasing over time. There is no previously known heart disease in 30% of the patients, a native valve disease in 30 to 60%, a prosthetic valve in 15-20%. Streptococci remain the leading microorganisms. Digestive streptococci and staphylococci are increasing. Iatrogenic portals of entry are in progression. During the hospital stay, case fatality ratio varies from 13 to 20%. After endocarditis, the patient remains at risk of late cardiac surgery and of recurrence. Survival after 5 years is approximately 85%.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Listeriosis outbreak associated with the consumption of rillettes in France in 1993.

An outbreak of listeriosis involving 38 patients occurred in France between 18 June and 5 October 1993. The epidemic clone was characterized by serovar 4b, phagovar 2671:108:312, and DNA macrorestriction patterns 12 and 13. Thirty-one case-patients were materno-neonatal patients and 7 patients were nonpregnant adults. Preliminary analysis of a case-control study implicated a pork product, rillettes, of a particular brand (odds ratio, 18; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-208) as the vehicle of infection. Rillettes is a ready-to-eat food prepared with ham meat cooked with grease. The implicated lots of rillettes were recalled in mid-August, and the French authorities issued a warning to the general public. Microbiologic analysis of unopened plastic cans of rillettes confirmed the results of the case-control study 3 weeks after the recall. Final analysis showed that the rillettes was the major vehicle of the outbreak but suggested that other brand A meat products could also have been involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Surveillance of meningococcal disease in France, 1990-1997.

The surveillance of meningococcal disease in France is based on four complementary sources of data. 1. Meningococcal disease has been a notifiable disease since 1902. A case definition for surveillance was introduced in 1985, based on the isolation of Ne

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of infective endocarditis in patients with and without previously recognized heart disease.

In a consecutive series of patients with infective endocarditis, we compared the charts of 123 nonaddicted patients without previously known heart disease with those of 174 patients with native valve disease. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, clinical findings, and mortality rates, but infective endocarditis was more often located on the aortic valve, more often due to Streptococcus bovis and enterococci in patients without previously known heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Listeriosis in 225 non-pregnant patients in 1992: clinical aspects and outcome in relation to predisposing conditions.

Clinical information was collected on 225 cases of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection not associated with pregnancy occurring in France in 1992. Infections affected primarily men (62%) and persons over 65 years of age. Of the cases found, 81% occurred in persons with some underlying condition: 34% involved patients with severe immunosuppression; 37% were on dialysis or had diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, hepatic failure or malignancies without immunosuppressive therapy; and 10% had other underlying conditions not clearly associated with immunosuppression. The clinical presentation of listeriosis depended on the predisposing factors: in previously healthy adults central nervous system infection was the most frequent clinical form (80%), whereas the group characterized by severe immunosuppression or other immunosuppressive conditions tended to develop bacteraemia (52%). The rate of hospital-associated cases (11%) was lower than that reported in other countries. Mortality directly related to LM infection was 24%. Predisposing disease was the major prognostic factor. No fatal outcome was observed in the group of adults < 65 years old without underlying conditions. In summary, although classification based on the degree of alteration of T-cell-mediated immunity enables determination of the role of predisposing conditions in cases of listeriosis outside of pregnancy, clinical aspects and outcome of listeriosis vary within these groups and depend on the severity of each underlying disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Invasive group A streptococcal infections in France].

OBJECTIVES: Following the recent report of necrosing fasciitis cases in Great Britain, we conducted a study of group A streptococci infections in France to evaluate the frequency and severity of the different clinical presentations, particularly necrosing fasciitis. METHODS: Thirteen hospital laboratories were selected because of the large number of group A streptococci blood cultures they observed in 1993. The microbiologists in these hospitals, in relation with clinicians, identified 83 patients with a group A streptococci bacteraemia between January 1, 1993 and June 30, 1994. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of the patients had an underlying condition: 39% had a chronic general or local disease and 24% had severe immunodepression. The skin portal of entry was found for 70% of the cases. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the clinical picture: there were 16 cases of streptococci shock syndrome, 13 with deep infections, 25 infections of soft tissue (including 3 cases of fasciitis) and 29 cases of isolated bacteraemia. CONCLUSION: Overall, one-fourth of the patients died due to the streptococci infection, one-half of whom had a toxic shock syndrome. Mortality was correlated with age and health status, but also with the clinical presentation of the disease. Compared with former years, there was no increase in the number of group A streptococci infections, nor in the number of necrotizing fasciitis in France in 1993. However, streptococci shock syndrome is of particular importance because of its frequency and poor outcome.

Adolescent↗