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Biomedical subjects

V Graff-Lonnevig

Publications and source records attributed to V Graff-Lonnevig.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Working capacity and pulmonary gas exchange in children with exercise-induced asthma.

Sixteen children aged 10.1-14.3 years with a history of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) were evaluated as to their working capacity both during a maximal exercise test and during submaximal exercise. During submaximal exercise ventilation and alveolar gas exchange were measured. Working capacity was normal with respect to the oxygen uptake and to the maximal load. Arterial blood gases were normal before exercise but PaO2 decreased (p less than 0.01) during the submaximal exercise test. The values were, however, still within the normal limits in all but two of the children. The flow-volume data showed bronchial obstruction in the resting state, before exercise, with lower values of MEF50 and MEF25 (p less than 0.01) than in healthy children. Following exercise, 14 of the 16 children developed clinical symptoms of asthma with increased impairment of the flow-volume curves. Most of them recovered from asthmatic symptoms within 30 min. Flow-volume curves were found to be a sensitive measurement of bronchial obstruction during the symptom-free phase and during EIA although with larger individual variations than FEV1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of ketotifen on bronchial hyperreactivity in childhood asthma.

Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma with an average age of 9.6 yr were studied with respect to the protective effect of ketotifen on bronchial hyperreactivity. All children included demonstrated bronchial reversibility after inhalation of salbutamol, and the methacholine challenge produced a decrease of the forced expiratory volume during the first second of at least 20% in the concentration interval of 0.25 mg/ml to 4.0 mg/ml. The study was double-blind with patients divided into two parallel groups treated for 12 wk with ketotifen or placebo. Methacholine provocation tests were performed every fourth week during this period. No differences between the challenges before and during the treatment period were found in either group, nor were any differences found between the ketotifen and placebo groups. Long-term treatment with ketotifen does not appear to alter the bronchial hyperreactivity in children with bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the protective effect of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate on exercise-induced asthma in asthmatic boys.

Fourteen boys with a mean age of 12.2 years were studied with respect to the protective effect of ketotifen on exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in comparison with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). All had a positive history of EIA and a post-exercise fall in FEV1 of more than 20%. A double blind cross-over technique was used with a 1 week wash-out period between the two treatment alternatives. Both drugs gave some, but not significant protection for EIA and no differences between the two active substances tested were found. Great individual differences in the response to the two drugs were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Acceptance of fenoterol powder for inhalation in children with bronchial asthma.

Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma, aged 10.3 years, were studied with respect to their attitude to inhalation of fenoterol, a beta 2-agonist, in powder form. Treatment with fenoterol powder was performed for three months and questionnaires were answered after one respectively three months. Almost all children showed a positive attitude towards handling capsules and inhaler. Inhaling fenoterol powder was well accepted and the effect of the powder on asthma symptoms was regarded as good. Although the positive attitude to continue with powder inhalations declined somewhat at the end of the observation period, fenoterol powder for inhalation seemed to be well accepted by children.

Asthma↗
PubMed1982

Acceptance of fenoterol powder for inhalation in children with bronchial asthma.

Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma, aged 10.3 years, were studied with respect to their attitude to inhalation of fenoterol, a beta 2-agonist, in powder form. Treatment with fenoterol powder was performed for 3 months and questionnaires were answered after 1 and 3 months. Almost all children showed a positive attitude towards handling capsules and inhaler. Inhaling powder was well accepted and the effect of the powder on asthma symptoms was regarded as good. Although the positive attitude to continue with powder inhalations declined somewhat at the end of the observation period, this type of therapy seemed to be well accepted by children.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

A comparative study of the prophylactic effect of ketotifen and sodium cromoglycate in children with pollen-induced asthma.

Thirty-six children with verified deciduous tree pollen-induced asthma were studied with respect to the prophylactic effect and tolerance of ketotifen, in comparison to disodium cromoglycate. Double-blind technique was used and the study was performed during the deciduous tree pollen season. Daily pollen counts were performed, and allergic symptoms, additional medication and pulmonary expiratory flow were recorded. Both drugs showed a good prophylactic effect on the asthma symptoms. No significant differences were found between the two substances tested and no adverse reactions or side effects were noted.

Asthma↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of the clinical effect of ketotifen and DSCG in pollen-induced childhood asthma.

Thirty-six children with a mean age of 8.9 years were studied with respect to the prophylactic effect and tolerance of ketotifen in comparison with disodium cromoglycate. All had a verified deciduous tree pollen-induced asthma. The children were stratified into two matched groups and the double-blind technique was used. The study was performed during the whole deciduous tree pollen season. Daily pollen counts were performed during the whole observation period as well as daily registrations of allergic symptoms, additional medication and pulmonary expiratory flow. No significant differences were found between the two substances tested. No adverse reactions or side effects were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Two years' follow-up of asthmatic boys participating in a physical activity programme.

Eleven boys with bronchial asthma, mean age 11.2 years, particpated in a 20-month long physical activity programme. The training was performed in an ordinary indoor gymnasium for one hour twice a week. No drugs were given prior to the training sessions. Cardiorespiratory function and dimensions and maximal aerobic capacity were determined before, during and after the training period. The respiratory and circulatory dimensions increased as expected during and after the training period. The respiratory and circulatory dimensions increased as expected during the observation period and after correction for the influence of growth no changes were seen in the variables studied. Nor did the training group differ significantly in any respect from a group of nine asthmatic boys not trained. There was only a slight but not significant increase in the maximal exygen uptake and the ventilatory coefficient in the training group as compared to the non training group. After a one-week winter-camp with high exercise intensity there was a rise in the total ventilation, the ventilatory coefficient and the maximal work performed but the maximal oxygen uptake was not affected. All boys showed a very good ability to participate in the physical activity programme at approximately the same level as the physical education given at school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange at rest and during exercise in boys with bronchial asthma.

During symptom-free periods pulmonary ventilation and alveolar gas exchange was determined in 14 boys with bronchial asthma during submaximal and maximal exercise. In six of these boys studies were also made at rest. At rest there was slight hyperventilation as indicated by decreased PCO2. There was also a lowering of the arterial PO2 and all boys had an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. During exercise, there was a sharp increase in pulmonary ventilation with values similar to those encountered in trained healthy boys; there was also a tendency towards normalization of the arterial blood gases and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. This indicates either more even pulmonary ventilation and better distribution of pulmonary perfusion or more even distributions of ventilation and perfusion during physical work in sitting position. Thus, boys with bronchial asthma show good respiratory adaptation to heavy exercise. One boy developed a severe asthmatic attack during exercise and, before the symptoms developed, had a dramatic fall in the arterial PO2 with an unchanged PCO2. The possibility of a sudden drop in arterial PO2 should be kept in mind when children with bronchial asthma perform physical exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Diurnal expiratory flow after inhalation of Freons and fenoterol in childhood asthma.

Eighteen children aged 8 to 14 years with bronchial asthma were studied with respect to the diurnal variation in pulmonary expiratory flow and the influence on it of inhalation of Freons and of a beta 2-receptor stimulator, fenoterol. A double-blind technique and randomized order of the different conditions were used. Dynamic spirometric tests were performed every hour from 8 A.M. to 4 P.M. The low expiratory flow in the morning increased during the day and influenced the estimated duration of the beta 2-receptor stimulator. This must be taken into consideration when evaluating the long-term effect of bronchodilator drugs. The Freons acted as irritants and lowered the expiratory flow during the first 2 hr after inhalation. However, this impairment of lung function does not seem to be of any clinical importance when freons are used as propellants for potent beta 2-receptor stimulators such as fenoterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Long-term treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in asthmatic children with special reference to growth.

Thirty-one children, 19 boys and 12 girls, aged 3.4--10.8 years, with severe perennial bronchial asthma were treated with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (BDA) for 16-40 months. The dose was initially 400 micrograms a day and was gradually reduced to the lowest level giving control of symptoms. Earlier steroid or ACTH-treatment in six children was stopped during the BDA-treatment. At the start of the treatment the mean deviation of height compared with normal values for Swedish children was -0.10 s.d. for the boys and -0.51 s.d. for the girls. At the end of the observation period the deviation was -0.22 s.d. and -0.58 s.d., respectively. The increase in deviation was not significant. Bone age was also slightly retarded before beclomethasone treatment but this deviation was not accentuated during the observation period. It is concluded that treatment with BDA does not retard growth or skeletal maturation in children. The number of acute admissions to hospital was reduced by more than 50% during the first year of treatment.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

Cardiac output and blood pressure at rest and during exercise in boys with bronchial asthma.

Cardiac output, using dye-dilution technique, and intra-arterial blood pressure at rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer were determined in six boys with bronchial asthma, mean age 11.9 years. Intra-arterial blood pressure was also measured in another group of eight boys with bronchial asthma. Cardiac output, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance at rest and during exercise up to maximal level were within the normal limits of healthy boys of the same age. At maximal exercise, cardiac output averaged 12.4 l/min, stroke volume 66 ml, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures 128, 81 and 107 mmHg, respectively, and total peripheral vascular resistance 10.9 mmHg/l/min. The maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference amounted to 14.1 ml/100 ml blood which is similar to that in healthy adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Asthma mortality in Sweden among children and adolescents during the period 1952-1972.

Asthma mortality in Sweden during the period of 1952-1972 in the age-group of 1-24 years, comprising a total of 183 cases, has been studied. As compared with the 1950's, there is a conspicuous increase in the number of deaths during the greater part of the sixties, reaching a maximum in 1967. Since then the mortality has shown a marked decrease. Further, a trend towards an averagely higher age at death has been ascertained in the latter part of the investigation period. The factors underlying the conspicuous variations in mortality rate were discussed. It was emphasized that the abuse of sympathomimetics in pressurized aerosols could not be accepted as the one and only cause. In all probability, the increase in the mortality during the 1960's can be attributed to a number of factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Double-blind trial with standard doses of fenoterol and salbutamol in asthmatic children.

The broncho-dilating effect of fenoterol in aerosol form was studied in 16 children with asthma. The drug was compared with salbutamol in standard doses in a double-blind trial. Dynamic spirometric tests (FEV1.0 and VC) were performed before and up to 8 h after inhalation. There was a significant increase in the expiratory flow 5 min after inhalation of the two drugs. Maximal values were reached in 60-120 min. After 7-8 hours the increase was no longer significant. There were no significant differences between the two drugs tested. As no cardio-vascular side-effects or subjective discomfort was noted, fenoterol will be of great value in the routine treatment of children with asthma bronchiale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Respiratory function, cardiovascular dimensions and work capacity in boys with bronchial asthma.

Twenty boys with bronchial asthma, aged 8-13 years, were studied with regard to the size of their respiratory and circulatory organs and to their excercise tolerance. The boys were divided into two groups (A and B) depending on the severity of their subjective symptoms. Normal values were found for TLC, VC, and FRC in both groups, whereas the group with the most severe asthma had a slightly increased RV. In both groups THb, blood and heart volumes were normal. A quite normal relationship between these variables was observed as well as with work capacity (W170 and VO2 max) with no intergroup differences. Respiratory rate was lower and ventilation was increased in group B, both in submaximal and maximal exercise. Thus, tidal volume in maximal exercise exceeded 50 per cent of vital capacity in this group. These boys also had the highest blood lactate concentration at submaximal and maximal exercise. In half of the boys asthma-like attacks were elicited by the excercise. The symptoms subsided without treatment shortly after work. The frequency and intensity of attacks were similar in the two groups.

Adolescent↗