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Biomedical subjects

V Hobi

Publications and source records attributed to V Hobi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Usefulness of the HHM complaint list (Hamburg-Heidelberg-Munich complaint list)].

A study on the Hamburg-Heidelberg-München complaint-list (HHM, v. Zerssen, 1976) raised the question of the clinical usefulness of an overall summation score. 2 samples (215 patients, 326 healthy subjects) participated; emphasis was mainly on patients. From the results obtained through factor analysis the interpretation of a single factor-solution (general factor) is justified. This factor correlated highly with the "neuroticism-", "depression-", and "general well-being"-dimensions in inventories like FPI, GT and PND-S. The rotated factor matrix (mineigen greater than or equal to 1) permits a reasonable interpretation of 6 factors. The first and partly the second factor represent domains like mood, well-being and drive (factor I: gloomy, depressive mood; factor II: exhaustion, fatigue). Distinctive somatic complaints are muscle and joint pains , breathing and swallowing difficulties, and (less pronounced) gastro-intestinal and urogenital pains. The suggestion and proceeding of other authors is supported, to improve the usefulness of such an inventory by extending distinct somatic-psychosomatic complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Factor structure of multidimensional personality inventories MMPI, 16-PF, FPI and GT].

Results on factoranalyses over MMPI-, 16-PF-, FPI-, and GT-scales are presented. The FPI (Freiburg Personality Inventory) revealed to measure neurotic complaints, lamentation, extra- vs introversion, candidness vs lie-tendency, and emotional stability vs instability. The GT (Giessen-Test) alone measures a special psychosocial, the MMPI likewise an unspecific psychoticism dimension. The desideratum remains to create a clinically more differentiating instrument on item basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Changes in EEG, blood levels, mood scales and performance scores during long term treatment with diazepam, phenobarbital or placebo in patients.

1. The patient population consisting of fifteen patients was divided into three groups, namely: diazepam group, phenobarbital group and placebo group. After three weeks the medicated groups were switched to placebo for a week and the placebo group was given phenobarbital. 2. The parameters to be assessed once a week comprised frequency-analyzed EEG recordings, performance in two attention tests and subjectively estimated mood modalities. 3. The EEG analysis suggested that EEG patterns: a) were drug-dependent, with a differential distribution for each drug of the four frequency bands analyzed; b) showed no change during the three-week treatment period; c) changed on cessation of medication or on switch from placebo to active medication; d) were task-dependent and changed in a systematic way with the level of activation (stress, vigilance or relaxation). 4. The results would allow a better understanding of the clinical course, the choice of therapeutic measures and of the underlying mechanisms of action.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Driving ability of depressive patients under antidepressants.

A group of twenty depressive patients was compared during a 3-4 month course of antidepressant therapy (Maprotiline: n = 6, age = 46.1; dibenzepin: n = 4, age = 43.0; lithium: n = 6, age = 44.5; "mixed" (maprotiline, dibenzepin trimeprimine): n = 4, age = 50.2) with a healthy control group (n = 32, age = 38.2) for subjective assessment of their depressive mood and performance as well as objective measurement of variables relating to driving behaviour. The measurements were taken 2-4 weeks after a pre-treatment period (day 1) and after 2-3 months of further therapy (day 2). During therapy, all patients felt "less depressive" and "more capable" in subjective terms. All patient groups made learning progress in the objectively measured variables (psychomotor co-ordination and attentiveness tests). By day 2, the patient groups had almost reached the performance level of the control group, providing they received antidepressant therapy (regardless of the action profile) which was suitable for the basic disorder and the symptoms, and therapy was successful in the opinion of the physician. It may be concluded that depressive patients, assuming suitable antidepressant treatment and good response, are capable of driving while under maintenance therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The subacute effect of bromazepam on psychomotor activity and subjective mood.

In a double-blind study, fifty-five healthy, male medical students received a tranquilizer (bromazepam, 'Lexotanil') or placebo according to dosage group (placebo, 1.5 mg and 3 mg bromazepam). The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups (placebo: n = 19; 1.5 mg: n = 19; and 3 mg: n = 17). Dependent variables tested were the subjective assessment of performance and the level of activation (self-rating), and aspects of psychomotor function were assessed using the standard testing devices. The medication was administered for a total of 14 days. The testing times reported here were: before start, and after 7 and 14 days of administration of serum or placebo. The subjective evaluation (self-rating) such as performance assessment and level of activation demonstrated no changes related to either the medication or the length of time elapsed. The objective measures of performance revealed two main effects: lengthening of time of reaction to optical stimuli during the course of the study, especially in the higher bromazepam dosage group (sedative effect). This sedative effect was, however, relatively weak since, despite this observation, there was a significant training effect in the 3 mg group with regard to attentiveness and alertness testing. The results were also evaluated for a possible effect on driving ability. In the group studied here and at the relatively low dosage administered, any possible negative influence can be disregarded.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Psychopharmaca, psychic illness, and driving ability: a contribution to the debate.

Four studies treating methodological and clinical aspects of the question of driving ability of the mentally ill under psychopharmaca have been discussed. The complexity of the integral interplay in the domain of physiological, emotional, and psychomotor-cognitive functions relevant for driving behaviour makes an equally complex experimental design appear necessary to tackle this problem. Although the various test apparatus marketed for the investigation of driving fitness allow a relatively proper estimate, the examination of mentally ill patients under psychopharmaca calls for the differentiated inclusion of physiological, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, psychomotor-cognitive, and personality-specific dimensions. The present state of science requires the repeated judgment of the treating therapist in addition. This judgment can only be made on the basis of a partnership between doctor and patient.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of bromazepam on fitness to drive (author's transl)].

On 3 days (1, 8, 15) the acute (on day 1) and subacute (days 8 und 15) effects of bromazepam (Lexotanil) on variables of driving ability were studied in 55 young male medical students, randomly divided into 3 groups (placebo, 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg). The drug was well tolerated (no notable side effects). Dose-effects showed trends in group 3 (3.0 mg) with a stronger subjective impression of performance impairment which was, however, not confirmed by objective performance assessment, although time of reaction to optical stimuli was significantly longer after the 3 mg dose. In the discussion, it is pointed out that the results of this type of study in healthy subjects can only be regarded as indicative.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of bromazepam on psychomotor activity and subjective mood.

The effects of short-term (acute) doses of bromazepam were studied in a double-blind trial with the aid of three dosage groups comprising a total of fifty-five healthy male medical students (who received placebo, and 1.5 mg or 3.0 mg bromazepam, respectively). Subjective well-being was recorded through self-ratings by the volunteers, and the variables of psychomotor function by standard testing instruments. In terms of subjective well-being, fatigue and decreased performance (statistically confirmed throughout) were reported by the probands in all three dosage groups after they were administered either the drug or placebo. None of the dose-effect relationships were statistically significant, although this trend was more pronounced, purely in quantitative terms, in the group that received 3 mg bromazepam than in either the placebo or the 1.5 mg bromazepam group. In the reaction time and in critical flicker-frequency (CFF) testing, the trend mentioned above was confirmed. In the attentiveness and memory span test, learning effects were statistically confirmed in equally uniform fashion. The action of the substance was again not statistically significant. It may be concluded from this that subjective, and also in part objective, fatigue and decreased performance were related to the type of trial design employed, and not, generally speaking, to the action of the substance. However, again independently of the drug's activity, statistical confirmation was obtained of improved performance and/or learning activity in three variables of the alertness testing apparatus. Variables of driving ability were not adversely affected, but--if anything--stabilized. Our investigation studied the single-dose schedules of bromazepam--viz. 1.5 mg and 3 mg--that are most commonly prescribed for patients. The subacute and personality-related effects of the drug will be the subject of a later report.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

How capable of driving are hospitalized psychiatric patients under psycho-active drug therapy?

In an open investigation design two patient groups, under neuroleptics (n=30) and under antidepressants (n=31), were examined three times, the third time under steady-state conditions. A matched control group (n=32) provided the normative values. Various variables, thought to be psychologically relevant in traffic situations were measured on two test apparatus (tracking and complex reaction time). The result shows that the antidepressant group closely approaches the achievement of the control group on the most important variables measured. It may be concluded that psychopharmacologically well balanced depressive patients at the time of the steady-state are capable of producing results comparable to a control group with respect to traffic-relevant cognitive-psychomotor functions. The neuroleptic group, however, exhibits deviations on the same variables. In this sub-sample the primary disturbances of the underlying morbus (maintaining attention, continuous focusing ability) become conspicuous. From the medical point of view, the call for an individual clinical judgement of driving capacity by the treating physician continues to remain necessary, although the results produced offer some general decision aids.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Alcohol-induced biphasic background and stimulus-elicited EEG changes in relation to blood alcohol levels.

The effects of 0.8 g alcohol kg-1 on CNS processes as reflected in EEG changes were studied in controlled experiments in 14 subjects in relation to BAC levels. A Two Period Change-Over Design with repeated trials over time allowed us to ascertain the time course and to isolate alcohol-induced changes from diurnal variations and effects of sequence and period. Based on spectral analysis of analog EEG recordings, the study has shown differential patterns of bi-phasic or tri-phasic alcohol-induced EEG changes over time in a number of parameters in background and in stimulus-elicited EEG responses varying with the BAC level and the metabolic phase of alcohol biotransformation. An increase in alpha activity during the absorption phase, a shift in the median of the total spectral power to the right (upwards), a decrease in slow activity in the delta and theta bands, and a decrease in variability of the background EEG on one hand and a reduction in stimulus-elicited EEg responses in total spectral alpha, theta and delta bands on the other are all interpreted as a stimulating excitatory effect during the absorption phase, parallel to the increase in BAC. The reverse pattern in the first part of the elimination phase infers a decrease in cerebral activation reflecting the sedative, depressant action of alcohol in this phase. The effects observed in the last trial, to a certain extent interpreted as stimulating, were simultaneous with the beginning of the post-alcohol hangover phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment with dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) in neuroleptic induced tardive dyskinesia].

A double blind cross-over study of 20 patients wiht tardive dyskinesia due to chronic use of neuroleptics showed no difference between efficacity of Deanol (Deaner) and placebo. Several patients improved with Deanol (Deaner), whereas several other patients showed increasing dyskinesia. The same phenomenon could be observed in the placebo group. Tolerance of the compound was very good. Results of an additional open study however suggest that the administration of Deanol (Deaner) may be tried as long as no other means are available to define those patients who will react favorably to this medication.

Adult↗