Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: a prospective randomized study.
The combination of vincristine, methyl-CCNU, and methotrexate with or without MER-BCG achieved a 2% complete response (CR) and a 11% partial response (PR) with a median duration of 25-29 weeks in 124 evaluable patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Responses were seen in previously untreated patients and in patients refractory to 5-fluorouracil. The median survival of these objective responders (CR + PR) was 57 weeks. The addition of MER-BCG did not appear to influence response rate or duration of survival and was accompanied by significant toxicity. Response was significantly correlated with performance status, sex, and disease free interval and survival with alkaline phosphatase and performance status. Patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma should be stratified according to these variables.