Biomedical subjects

V Hyams

Publications and source records attributed to V Hyams.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1988

Carcinoma ex-papilloma: histologic and virologic studies in whole-organ sections of the larynx.

A patient with adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), initially diagnosed at age 28 years, was treated with radiation therapy due to the rapid regrowth of lesions. Following 6 years of apparently inhibited growth, papilloma recurred, and squamous carcinoma was diagnosed from a laryngeal biopsy. A spontaneous laryngocutaneous fistula developed, and laryngectomy was performed 14 years after irradiation. The laryngectomy specimen was snap frozen and representative tissues were stored frozen for viral studies. The larynx was whole-organ sectioned for histologic examinations; residual papilloma, as well as carcinoma, was observed. Koilocytosis and other virus-associated histologic changes were also found. HPV capsid antigen was present in papilloma, carcinoma, and clinically normal epithelium. HPV nucleic acids, conforming to HPV type 6, were present in keratin pearls and dysplastic cells. According to prior reports, carcinoma developing in preexisting papilloma arises from juvenile-onset RRP. Irradiated papilloma develop cancer at about 10 years, and the patients rarely survive. Nonirradiated cases develop cancer after 30 years, and some develop papilloma in the hypopharynx and trachea, but most patients survive. Irradiation is not an obligatory precursor for malignant transformation of cancer; however, until now there have been no case reports of favorable outcome after irradiation of papilloma.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Midline granuloma.

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Granuloma, Lethal Midline↗

PubMed1984

Deafness in Cockayne's syndrome: morphological, morphometric, and quantitative study of the auditory pathway.

The auditory pathway of a 17-year-old deaf patient with Cockayne's syndrome was examined histologically. The cochlea showed marked atrophy of the spiral ganglion and attenuation of the cochlear division of the eighth cranial nerve. By means of the Computer Image Analyzer, the total number of neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus was found to be reduced from 30,440 to 18,821. The mean diameter of the neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus, medial dorsal olivary nucleus, and inferior colliculus was smaller than in a control patient, whereas in the medial geniculate nucleus and anterior transverse gyrus of Heschl, the neuronal size approximated the norm. The changes in the first three auditory relay nuclei were considered to represent transsynaptic atrophy caused by degeneration of the spiral ganglion and, possibly, the cochlear neuroepithelium. This histological report verifies that deafness in Cockayne's syndrome is largely sensorineural and that degeneration of spiral ganglion in humans can lead to a chain of trans-synaptic degeneration in the ventral cochlear nucleus, medial dorsal olivary nucleus, and inferior colliculus.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a cutaneous neoplasm commonly arising in the extremities, and rarely in the mucosa or skin of the head and neck. We discuss nine cases of Kaposi's sarcoma arising in the head and neck region, retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, together with 74 cases from the literature. The commonest mucosal locations include the conjunctiva, palate, tongue, tonsils, and gums; common cutaneous sites are the eyelids, nose, ears, and face. Prognosis, sex distribution, and susceptible population groups for the head and neck tumor are similar to those for the commoner peripheral cutaneous form. Seventy percent of patients were 50 years or older; 15% of tumors occurred in children under 16 years. Children under 16 years were more likely to have initial head and neck involvement. In our series, 7 of 11 tumors in children initially involved the conjunctiva or skin of the eyelid. Recently the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma has been increasing in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The age of incidence for this group is lower; more tumors occur on the upper body, skin, and mucosal surfaces of the head and neck; and the prognosis is poorer than in traditional cases of Kaposi's sarcoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Primary anaplastic small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the larynx. Review of the literature and report of 18 cases.

Anaplastic small cell (oat cell) carcinoma is a neoplasm commonly arising in the lungs. However, it may also occur, though rarely, in the larynx. A series of 43 cases is presented (ten cases from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, eight from the Department of Otolaryngology of the Padua University, and 25 from the literature). The tumor often presents in the sixth and seventh decades of life and appears to be highly aggressive, and metastases develop early. The most common presenting symptom is hoarseness. As in pulmonary small cell carcinoma, prognosis is poor and does not seem to depend upon therapeutic modalities, tumor location or the extent of initial local disease. The tumor seems to derive from the Kulchitsky cell present not only in the bronchial mucosa but also in the laryngeal lining. Like pulmonary anaplastic small cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma of the larynx should be treated with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The association of small cell carcinoma with squamous carcinoma of the larynx is also reported and problems connected with the histogenesis of this mixed tumor are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Application of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology to the diagnosis of North American nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

A cooperative study was established among a number of institutions in the USA to determine the clinical value of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology for the diagnosis of different histopathological types of North American nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) including occult primary tumors. One hundred-twenty-four patients with confirmed NPC have now been entered into the study. For each patient, anti-EBV antibody titers were determined at diagnosis and related to the histopathology as classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The results suggest that certain anti-EBV antibodies are of potential value for the diagnosis of undifferentiated types of NPC but not for the well-differentiated cancer. The IgA anti-VCA antibody response is the most specific for this disease and of the greatest diagnostic value when used alone or in combination with the anti-EA test. These tests have also been used successfully for the detection of occult NPC. These results indicate that these tests can be useful aids to the clinician for the diagnosis of certain histopathologic types of this disease.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1983

Complication of septorhinoplasty. Benign or malignant?

Routine septorhinoplasty on an unchanging nasal hump and deflected nasal septum resulted in subcutaneous respiratory epithelium, possibly surgically misplaced with a fibrotic host response. Progressive growth of the lesion over midface resulted in severe cosmetic deformity. Findings from repeated early biopsy specimens were benign. Removal of entire mass (44 g) failed to definitely resolve a tentative diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, grade 1. A study will be made from a nationwide sample. Prevention, treatment, and final diagnosis are the ultimate objectives.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1977

Proplast in the middle ear and oval window of cats.

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) carbon fiber implant material (Proplast), an all-plastic material, was evaluated for use in otologic surgery. Response to the implant was studied in the middle ear and vestibule of 14 cats by placing the Proplast in the oval window after stapedectomy. After a one year follow-up, it appears that Proplast was tolerated well, causing no inflammatory reaction in either the vestibule or cochlea, or in the middle ear cavity. Fibrous tissue ingrowth was found throughout the implant, and a fibrous tissue membrane covered both the vestibular and the tympanic surfaces of the Proplast. Being well tolerated by both middle ear and inner ear tissues, this porous, all-plastic material offers several otologic applications.

Animals↗