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Biomedical subjects

V I Kharchenko

Publications and source records attributed to V I Kharchenko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Epidemiological significance of HIV-infections in military personnel].

The increase in HIV-infection incidence in the RF Armed Forces requires the study of modern epidemiology of this infection, the improvement of prophylactic and antiepidemic measures to prevent the contamination of units and ships and to eliminate the epidemiologic foci in time. The epidemiological situation connected with HIV-infection in Russia and the Armed Forces has the general patterns. The maximal incidence is registered in servicemen living in HIV unfavorable territories of the country. In 2001 the structure of HIV transmission in the military collectives was the following: sexual--51%, parenteral (drug addiction)--45%, parenteral (use of one shaving set)--1%, parenteral (tattooing)--1%, uncertain--2%. The high military epidemiological significance of HIV-infection requires the improvement of preventive forms and methods taking into account the main causes and factors that determine the epidemiological situation in Army and Navy.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1987

[Potentiation of the hypotensive effect of labetalol in hypertensive patients treated to maintain sodium balance in the body].

Hypotensive activity of labetalol therapy alone or in combination with the diuretic agent oxodolin or with low-sodium diet (about 110 mmol/day) and potassium cooking salt substitute "Sanasol" (60% sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium gluconate, magnesium asparaginate, etc.) was studied in 67 patients with second- or third-stage essential hypertension and 14 patients with nephrogenic hypertension. Central hemodynamic changes were assessed by means of radiocardiography and tetrapolar rheography. Combined treatment had better hypotensive effect in moderate and severe hypertension (diastolic arterial BP above 110 mm Hg). The diuretic-labetalol combination made possible a 25-45% reduction in the adrenoblocker dose. The effect of combined hypotensive treatment was similar in patients with different central hemodynamic types. Low-sodium diet with potassium substitute was well tolerated by the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Use of prazosin in patients with hypertension].

Clinical trials of the alpha-adreno-blocker prazosin (Pratsiol as produced by "Orion", Finland) were carried out in 42 patients with essential hypertension, stages 2-3 by WHO classification, and 3 patients with nephrogenic hypertension. Daily doses of the drug varied between 3 and 20 mg. Good hypotensive effect was noted in 51% of patients whose cardiac index had not originally exceeded 4.5 r/min/m2 and showed no basic rise under the effect of treatment, total peripheral resistance was never below 1200 din X sec X cm-5, and heart rate kept below 80 beats per minute. In cases of higher cardiac index and heart rate values, prazosin had little or no effect. A daily dose of 8-10 mg may be considered an optimum regimen. Sinus tachycardia was the most common of side-effects. The drug was particularly effective where hypertension was combined with bradycardia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary sodium excretion in women with hypertension and various indicators of hemodynamics and pressor hormone levels].

Urinary sodium excretion was assessed in women with essential hypertension as an indicator of dietary sodium consumption. Groups of individuals with low (below 120 mmol/day), medium and high (above 180 mmol/day) excretion were identified. Patients with high sodium excretion levels showed slower withdrawal rates, as well as high total peripheral resistance and low cardiac output values. At the labile hypertension stage, these patients demonstrated an increase in total metabolic sodium owing to its growing residual fraction, and expanded interstitial fluid volume. Changes in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activity showed close correlation with changes in sodium balance. Urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion decreased in patients with labile hypertension who had the highest sodium excretion levels, and increased considerably in stable hypertension. Hypertension was particularly severe in patients who excreted over 180 mmol sodium daily whereas patients who excreted less than 120 mmol in the presence of stable hypertension had normal values of total metabolic sodium and cardiac output, and moderately elevated peripheral vascular resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in water-electrolyte balance and central hemodynamics in hypertensive crises].

Sodium, potassium and water distribution, central hemodynamic parameters, and plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were examined in 48 patients with stable essential hypertension, including 10 males and 11 females with hypertensive crises aggravating the course of the disease, and in 18 controls. The individuals showing signs of heart and renal failure were excluded from the analysis. In female patients, the crise pattern of the disease was associated with marked changes of sodium metabolism, namely, raised extracellular fluid and plasma sodium levels, the patients with the crises having a more severe course of the disease, with higher, as compared to those of crises-free patients, total peripheral resistance and lower cardiac output values. In female patients with the crises, plasma renin activity was reduced 3.3-fold, while aldosterone levels remained unchanged, as compared to the levels of crises-free women. A direct correlation was demonstrated between the recurrence of the crises and total peripheral resistance. Causes of sodium retention in female patients with the crises are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Central hemodynamic function and the metabolic electrolyte ratio of patients with hypertension and hereditary disposition].

A study was made of the pecularities of a course of arterial hypertension and the efficacy of hypotensive therapy in 69 hypertension patients with hereditary aggravation and 92 hypertension patients without hereditary aggravation. In 91 the content and distribution of sodium, potassium and water were studied using radionuclides; indices of the central and renal hemodynamics, plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration and catecholamine excretion with urine were also studied. A natriuretic reaction to i.v. injection of lasix was measured in 12 of 42 patients. In hereditary aggravation hypertension was characterized by a higher level of systolic and diastolic AP which was more pronounced in men. Higher doses of hemiton and beta-adrenoblocking agents were required for its return to normal. In the authors' opinion, a more severe course of hypertension in such patients was associated with a raised sensitivity of resistant vessels to angiotensin which was confirmed by a significant elevation of the sodium/renin index. Changes in the values of the ratio extra/intracellular content of sodium and potassium in the patients with and without hereditary aggravation were not noticeable. Response to lasix was excessive as compared to normotonics in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Study of sodium metabolism in the bodies of patients with essential hypertension by the profile scanning technic using 22Na].

Profile scanning with sodium-22 nuclide was performed in 37 patients with essential hypertension to determine the time-course of the isotope distribution in different parts of the body and the rate of its elimination. The rate of sodium-22 infiltration into the tissues of the pelvis and lower extremities was higher in women than in men, and that of elimination lower than in men with a stable course of arterial hypertension. This index showed no correlation with changes of the central hemodynamics and glomerular filtration. The labile and stable courses of arterial hypertension were characterized by different rates of sodium-22 uptake by the renal tissue.

Adult↗