Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V I Maksimov.
In the review are considered aspects of food starch such as its relationship with cancer of the large intestine, its absorption, digestion and metabolism, influence of starch on the composition and biochemical characteristics of microbiocenosis.
Psychogenias of the refusal reaction type observed in long-term stages of torpid schizophrenia in patients with marked negative changes and decreased fitness for work were subjected to clinical analysis. The results obtained suggest that such reactions are caused by the altered "background" in the form of distorted manifestations of psychic infantilism expressed here as a peculiar psychopathy-like defect of a "passively dependent personality disturbance" type. The study has made it possible to specify the psychopathologic structure of psychogenic states of the refusal reaction type which includes, apart from a characteristic psychogenic complex, anxiety depression in combination with signs of motor inhibition, as well as varying disturbances with refusal characteristics, attended by "evasive behaviour".
A comprehensive examination of the defect at long-term stages of the course of non-manifest schizophrenia with a decrease in social adaptation showed that its nature was not uniform in relation to both the clinical structure and specific psychological parameters. The results demonstrated that the two different types of the defect, "torpid fanatics" and "dependent personalities", correlated with the internal and external locus control. Specific features of social adaptation corresponding to the developed typology were also specified: preservation of the formal orientation on the social norms and super-worship orientations in the first type of the defect or aspiration for only personal welfare and dependence on the microsocial environment in the second. In agreement with the data obtained, the authors developed differential recommendations for rehabilitation which requires consideration of superworship interests and skills in the given area in the first group of patients and of the inclination for manual work and industriousness in conditions of constant supervision in the second group of patients.
Localized intravascular coagulation (prethrombi, fibrin thrombi, aggregation and agglutination of red blood cells) in the microcirculatory bed of the brain in hemorrhagic stroke is secondary to cerebral hemorrhage. Microcirculatory impairments, as well as consumption of coagulation factors and fibrinolysis activation aggravate cerebral circulation disorders and contribute to an expansion of the involved area. Identification of the causes of the development, place and role of intravascular coagulation in the patho- and thanatogenesis of hemorrhagic strokes will make it possible to determine the ways of adequate medicated correction of these hemostatic disorders.
The authors analyze the results of psychopharmacotherapy of 120 patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia characterized by a high resistance to the treatment. Two new methods of the intensive therapy of such conditions (discrete and daily intravenous drip of tranquilizers in conjunction with low doses of neuroleptics) are described. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic substantiation of each of the two techniques is presented. Clinical indications for their use have been elaborated.
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A homogenous low molecular weight 1,4-beta-glucan glucanohydrolase (endoglucanase) has been isolated from a crude commercial preparation of cellokoningine P10X of T. koningii origin. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 13 000. The endoglucanase was obtained as a lyophylized preparation free of the cellobiase activity. It was shown that cellobiose or methylcellobioside activate the effect of the low molecular weight endoglucanase (measured by the viscometric technique with respect to CMC hydrolysis) and at the same time almost completely suppress the activity of high molecular weight endoglucanases from the sane source. A detailed kinetic study of the effects showed that the low molecular weight enzyme is activated by a transglycosylation mechanism, where cellobiose acts as an added nucleophile. The activation is 6-fold at saturating concentrations of cellobiose (Ks = 15 mM). It was shown that diverse kinetic behaviour of cellobiose which can act both as activatory and inhibitor for endoglucanases from different sources can be explained, firstly, by different ratios of low to high molecular weight endoglucanases in the cellulase complexes, and, secondly, by their ability to catalyze transglycosylation reactions, which, in turn, results in a transfer of reducing end groups of the reaction products onto cellobiose as an added nucleophile.
Cellobiose may exert different effects on the activities of various endoglucanases. The endoglucanases of T. reesei and Rapidase are noticeably suppressed by cellobiose at concentrations above 3 mM. On the other hand, a low molecular weight endoglucanase from T. koningii is activated by cellobiose, whereas high molecular weight endoglucanases from the same source are inhibited by cellobiose. A detailed kinetic analysis of the effects showed that the low molecular weight endoglucanase is activated by a transglycosylation mechanism, in which cellobiose acts as an additional nucleophile. At saturating concentrations of cellobiose (Ks = 15 mM) the enzyme activity is increased 6-fold. Such a specific mechanism of activation manifests itself in an acceleration of random cleavage of CM-cellulose by the low molecular weight endoglucanase, which can be recorded by a viscosimetric technique. However, its action does not accelerate the production of soluble reducing sugars.
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