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Biomedical subjects

V I Miasnikov

Publications and source records attributed to V I Miasnikov.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[A mission to Mars: the prognostic analysis of concurrent psychological problems].

Psychological implications of situations that may take place during a mission to Mars including desynchronosis, fatigue, psychic asthenization, acute mental disorders, interruption of the information flow, unpredicted transformation of the socio-psychological needs, a persistent conflict tension in the crew, errors in manual control of the vehicle, refusal or impossibility to fulfill an operation, difficulties in communication between the crew and ground controllers were analyzed for determination of their causes and consequences, probable starting time, ways and methods of preventing and surmounting each of these situations.

Astronauts↗
PubMed2001

[Psychological aspects of training for and implementation of a piloted expedition to Mars].

Reviewed are the modern notions of the main psychological concerns regarding a mission to Mars which are maintenance of mental health, high professional reliability, and successful readaptation of the Martian crew on return to Earth. The unprecedent trail-blazing interplanetary mission distinguished by autonomy, long period, international crew and a broad range of tasks to tend will set particularly difficult requirements to the psychological support system. Among them prioritized are purposeful character building and training of future crew members already in childhood and youth. The primary goal is to bring up personality with anthropocosmic thinking as a professional quality that will eventually determine personal and professional reliability. Within the system of psychological support, the central place should be given to monitoring of crew mental heath and behavior, and preventive an corrective measures. The longer Martian day (24 hr. 36 min.) rises the issue of effective adaptation to this factor. Special simulators will be required aboard the vehicle to help the crew refresh skills in manipulation of the dynamic board systems. The program of psychological support to the Martian crew must be thoroughly tested in model studies (Antarctic field, ground-based experiments, orbital flights, Lunar base).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Intergral criterion and prediction of cosmonauts professional reliability in flight].

Discussed is the problem of professional reliability of cosmonauts simulating manual docking of transport vehicle SOYUZ-TM to space station MIR during acute adaptation to microgravity. A new concept of cosmonaut's reliability qualification is based on the parameters that characterize the systemic body response to job-related factors: integral efficiency and psychophysiological "cost". Justification is given to the statistic methodology of the change-over from prime job quality indices and the functional state of human to integral. Underlined is the possibility to apply this methodical approach to enhancement of the program of assessment and recovery of the professional reliability of cosmonauts in flight.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

[The aspects of psychophysiological analysis of erroneous actions performed by astronauts].

The experience of manned space missions points to the fact that cosmonaut-operator plays an important role in providing the efficiency and reliability of the crew-spacecraft system. However, the spaceflight factors can have a negative effect on working capacity of crewmembers and give rise to their operational errors. The paper deals with the methodical approach to analysis of the interrelationship of errors and psychophysiological state of cosmonauts as well as the ways of its realization. Described are the system of indices used for expert assessment of the psychophysiological state, peculiarities of work-rest schedule, and intra- and intergroup interaction. Potentialities of this approach are evidenced by results of the analysis of data from one of the MIR missions.

Astronauts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychoneurological requirements in evaluating the functional state of cosmonauts in flight].

Selection and training of experts-psychoneurologists to be included into a team of operational medical monitoring are described. In regards to the capacity for synonymic paraphrasing, the conditions required for stability of individual opinions and their coincidence in different people are discussed. The capacity refers to the choice of the most suitable word among a number of synonyms. On this basis it is recommended to use similarity problems in appraising the function of an expert who involves verbal description of various events.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[MEDILAB and the problems of psychophysiological support of manned space flights].

This paper discusses current problems of psychophysiological support of manned space missions and presents the concept of a psychophysiological complex of the orbital biomedical laboratory Medilab and other advanced space vehicles based on new methodological approaches. The paper describes principles of selection of psychophysiological methods to be used in Medilab programs as well as their instrumental, mathematical, hardware and software structures.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[From Vostok to Mir: psychological aspects].

Based on achievements in clinical medicine, medical expertise of the flying personnel, ergonomics, human engineering and other life sciences, as well as on the experience gained by Intercosmos researchers, space psychology transformed during 1960-1988 into an independent scientific discipline. This new branch of science has the capability to formulate and resolve important theoretical and applied problems of crew selection and training, assessment of emotional status and work capacity, prevention and optimization of crew activities. The findings and observations made it possible for space psychology to develop psychological reliability criteria and consequently to maintain good mental health and high work capacity of crewmembers in long-term space missions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The functional comfort zone for a human operator controlling a dynamic object].

Objective evaluation of the psychic strain of six operators who performed multiparameter compensatory tracking of the moving object helped to identify the zone of changes of its basic parameters. The control within this zone required a minimum psychophysiological cost (zone of functional comfort). The control beyond this zone was associated either with information overload or with a dramatic increase of the risk of failure. In five operators this led to a significant aggravation of the psychic strain. This study has shown that special identification of the zone of functional comfort in the design of data display devices may be a method of optimizing man's work in the ergatic systems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Regulation of the vertical posture after flights on the Saliut-4 orbital station].

Stabilographic examinations of the crewmembers of the orbital station Salyut-4 demonstrated that one of the most characteristic manifestations of posture-tonic deconditioning induced by a prolonged exposure to weightlessness was an emergence of high-frequency oscillations (with a cycle of 0.1--0.15 sec) of the common center of body gravity, the fraction of the oscillations decreasing during the first weeks of the postflight period. After flight all the crewmembers showed signs of postural hypotension: an increase in the cardiac rhythm and a decrease in the pulse arterial pressure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of psychoemotional disorders on a prolonged space flight by psychological support means].

A number of supportive and rehabilitative measures forming so-called psychological support can be used to prevent potential psychoemotional disorders in crewmembers during prolonged space missions. The use of these measures in the Salyut--6--Soyuz 96--185-day space flights has shown their efficiency in terms of expansion of the "psychological living space" and maintenance of a high emotional and working tone of crewmembers.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of the experimental-psychological methods for evaluation of psychomotor performance of the flying personnel with functional disorders and diseases of the central nervous system].

The study of mental performance of the flying personnel during medical expertise with respect to complex sensory-motor and logical operations has shown that changes of psychic activity in subjects with early symptoms of cerebral atherosclerosis are more marked than those in subjects with CNS functional disorders. They involve difficulties in attention control, delay in motor responses, deterioration in associative processes. These subjects prove less suitable for flying work: 71% of the pilots examined were grounded by the medical expertise.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mental status and work capacity of crewmen at the Salute-6 space flight base].

The psychic status and work capacity of prime crewmembers of missions 1 and 5 onboard Salyut-6 were investigated, using objective (scope, time and quality of the work performed) and subjective (fatigue, mood variation, complaints) parameters. Based on these parameters, it was possible to identify several stages in the dynamics of the psychic status and work capacity: stage of acute adaptation, stage of complete compensation (2-3 or 4 months), stage of incomplete compensation (3 or 4-5 months), and stage of final "breakaway" (last month). These stages reflect the process of psychic and professional adaptation to space flight. The process of adaptation is strongly affected by the rational work-rest cycle, in which the sleep period coincides with that associated with Moscow time, and events of psychological support. The results show that crewmembers may well adapt and work in space flight for a long time.

Adaptation, Psychological↗