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Biomedical subjects

V I Shumskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to V I Shumskiĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Increasing the effectiveness of skin cancer T(2-3) N0M0 radiotherapy by use of radiosencibilizers].

The paper presents an attempt to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy of locally advanced skin cancer by use of radiomodifiers. With this aim the researchers used metronidozol (MZ) and low-intensive laser emission (LILE), whoes radiosensibilizing activity is based on overcoming radioresistance of tumor hypoxic cell fraction. In order to increase MZ concentration in the tumor and eleminate its toxic effect the authors developed a new radiosensibilization technique, implying local use of a drug applicator. The technique is based on use of textile materials with specifed medical qualities (the method of their production was developed by the Scientific and Practical Association "Textileprogress"). The second direction of the research consisted in use of low-intensive laser emission as a radiosensibilizer, which was considered to be possible due to theoretical and experimental data suggesting the LILE capability of activating microcirculation in tumor and surrounding tissues. According to the authors of the article, the improvement of tumor microsirculation must increase tumor cell oxygenation, thus increasing their radiosensitivity. Applying radiosensibilization of hypoxic cells with MZ and LILE in radiotherapy of T2 basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas with the tumor size 4-5 cm and T3 tumors using original dose fractioning regimens (TFD 72 to 73 Gy) allows significant improvement of immediate treatment results without increase in local radioreactions and without substantial influence of the recurrence rate.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Significance of laser dopplerometry in diagnostics of upper extremity occupational angiopathy].

The paper demonstrates the results of the application of laser dopplerometry supplemented with respiratory, thermal and occlusive functional tests, as a new non-invasive method of microcirculation evaluation. Initially the majority of patients have spastic or hyperemic microcirculation disturbances in the skin of the fingers. Functional tests allow specification of the mechanisms of these disturbances, such as microhemodynamic inertness and the suppression of slow circulatory rhythms, which demonstrate the presence of myogenic tonus disorder and prove that vibration has direct influence on vascular wall cells. The manifestation of neurogenic component is the dominance of sympatic vasomotor reflex. The paper also demonstrates the dominance of vasoconstrictor effect over vasodilatatory one.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Radiologic diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in abdominal and retroperitoneal sites].

A total of 112 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of abdominal and retroperitoneal localization were examined by the ultrasonic and x-ray methods, in 83 of them x-ray computer-aided tomography was used. Angiographic examinations and puncture biopsy monitored by US or x-ray CAT were carried out if indicated. The authors discuss the problems of ultrasonic and x-ray semeiotics of the lymphomatous involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, gastrointestinal tract. They claim that USE, permitting the specification of further plan of examination of each patient, and x-ray examination as a method to assess the gastrointestinal status are the optimal methods for the primary diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. US data may prompt further application of x-ray CAT, whose results will supplement the US findings. Angiographic examinations should be carried out only in the most difficult diagnostic situations, bearing in mind the invasive nature of the method and its high price.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Radiological diagnosis of tumors of the adrenal glands].

Radiation methods were used for examining 176 patients with hormonal-active tumors and 12 patients with hormonal-nonactive tumors. The correct diagnosis of tumor of the adrenals was established with the help of oxysuprarenography in 51.9%. Ultrasonic examination was used in 78.8% and roentgen computed tomography--in 93.5%. Differential diagnostics of the Itsenko--Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome, due to corticosteroma is possible on the basis of the whole complex of findings of USI, RCT and venography with determination of the level of cortisol, aldosterone, catecholamine in blood flowing from the adrenals.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Organizational and methodological reorganization of diagnostic services in the polyclinics].

Suggestions are made of organizational and methodological restructuring of diagnostic polyclinic service which make it possible to substantially increase its diagnostic and economic effectiveness. The major elements of such restructuring should include: 1. introduction of special programmes on risk group selection according to separate diseases; 2. The application of standardized complex ++fluoro-roentgenographic techniques while using apparatus available in the majority of regular polyclinics. The programmes elaborated permitted to detect a great number of different diseases (tumors and chronic non-specific lung diseases, tumors and gastric ulcer, tumors of the colon, breast tumors, etc) the proportion of which in the general pattern of diseases in great. According to the authors' opinion the introduction of the proposed diagnostic programmes into the work of polyclinics would sharply increase the effectiveness of this service.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1990

[Methodological aspects of formation of groups at risk for cancer of the stomach and large intestine].

An algorithm for selection of groups at high risk of cancer of the stomach and colon has been developed with the aim of improving the diagnosis of these diseases in mass screening of the population. A multidimensional statistical analysis realized in MEDSTAT-85 programme package was used to identify the most informative risk factors and to formulate the regularity having these factors expressed in percent by weight. The proposed programme of targeted screening allows for rapid and effective selection of risk groups and, in combination with the conventional gastric and colon fluorography techniques, facilitates timely detection of gastric and colonic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Use of the subclavian vein in angiographic studies on children].

The experience with catheterization of the subclavian vein in angiography in children aged from several months to 15 years is presented. 835 angiographies via the subclavian vein were carried out. The puncture of the subclavian vein is a convenient procedure in angiography, particularly in younger children. A relative safety and technical simplicity of catheterization of the subclavian vein allow to recommend it for a broader use in angiography.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of physiologically active polymers on the activity and hormonal induction of tyrosine aminotransferase].

Effect of neutral polymers on activity of tyrosine aminotransferase and hydrocortisone induction of the enzyme were studied. Physiologically active polymers decreased in most cases the basal rate of the enzymatic activity. Preadministration of polymers decreased hormonal induction of tyrosine aminotransferase. Simultaneous administration of polymers and hydrocortisone led to augmented and long-term induction, which appears to occur due to complex-formation of the polymer and hormone. Gradual liberation of hydrocortisone from the complex enabled to maintain the hormone effective concentration for a long time.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Potentialities of x-ray diagnosis in improving the diagnosis of oncologic diseases in outpatient clinics].

The authors analyze the possibilities of improving the prehospital diagnosis of the most prevalent oncologic diseases (tumors of the lungs, stomach, large intestine, mammary gland) that may be effectively detected by modified methods of x-ray and x-ray fluorographic examinations. The x-ray diagnostic service of health centers is regarded as a most important component in the system of prehospital diagnosis. A program of reorganization of this service is suggested, that will help reorient its activities to purposeful screening examinations that will altogether improve the detection of a number of oncologic diseases.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A complex x-ray endoscopic study in complicated cholelithiasis].

Recurrent or residual choledocholithiasis was diagnosed in 202 patients with a history of cholecystectomy, in 148 cases this condition was combined with papillostenosis. Transfistula extraction of the concrements and endoscopic papillosphyncterotomy helped achieve cure of 186 (92%) patients without relaparotomy. The authors discuss the role of roentgenology in such combined x-ray and endoscopic diapedetic examinations and emphasize its role in identification of the diagnostic details that are so important for the choice of the optimal treatment strategy. They come to a conclusion that the results of treatment of complicated cholelithiasis by 'minor surgery' means depend not only on the manipulations and skills of the surgeon endoscopist, but on the full-value employment of roentgenology as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of neutral polymers on glutamate dehydrogenase activity of mouse liver mitochondria upon administration of endotoxin].

It is shown that neutral polymers administered intraperitoneally to intact animals considerably affect glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the liver cell mitochondria as well as in the supernatant. Of the tested polymers, only polyvinyl methylacetamide and dextran inhibit a decrease in the level of mitochondrial enzyme activity which develops with administration of endotoxin. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone with molecular weight of 100 kDa, polyvinyl methylacetamide, dextran and polyvinyl caprolactam prevent an increase of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the supernatant in case of endotoxin administration to animals. It is possibly a result of the effect of the mitochondrial structure stabilization by the above polymers. A physiological effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone revealed as an effect on the activity level of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and in the supernatant after endotoxin administration to animals, depends on the molecular weight of the polymer.

Animals↗