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Biomedical subjects

V I Smirnova

Publications and source records attributed to V I Smirnova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Molecular mechanisms of antioxidant action of dalargin on the liver in experimental cholestasis].

Changes of antioxidant activity of dalargin in the liver after naloxone (100 micrograms/kg) administration were examined in experiment on 144 rats with cholestasis. It was found that dalargin inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase by 32-37% in different time periods after the injection. Dalargin and naloxone, when used in combination, had no effect on the enzyme activity. Glutathione-S-transferase activity rose by 38.0% and 21.8% on hour 1 and 3 after the injection, respectively, while simultaneous injection of dalargin and naloxone induced no changes in the enzyme activity after 1 hour, though decreased it by 36.8% and 26.4% on hour 3 and 5, respectively. Dalargin inhibited lipid peroxidation by 29-35%, simultaneous injection of dalargin and naloxone raised lipid peroxidation by 109.2%, 80.7% and 25.7% after 1, 3 and 5 hours, respectively. Dalargin injection elucidated a marked tendency to lowering of blood release of the liver-specific enzymes histidase and urokaninase in line with enhancement of their activity in the liver. A combined injection of dalargin and naloxone promoted high release of histidase and urokaninase in blood and did not change histidase activity in the liver in all cases. Urokanidase activity elevated in 5 hours. It was noticed that dalargin raised leu-enkephalin levels in the liver 3.5-fold 1 h after the injection. The reduced dalargin antioxidant effect coupled with naloxone pretreatment demonstrated indirect action of the neuropeptide on the liver via neuron receptors of the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The role of the surface antigens of Pseudomonas pseudomallei in the pathogenesis of melioidosis].

As established with the use of electron-immunochemical techniques, glycoprotein antigen 6 is the outer membrane component of P. pseudomallei cell wall, while glycoprotein antigen 8 is localized on the cell surface as a capsule-like formation. Antigen 6 plays no perceptible role in the realization of the pathogenic properties of the infective agent, but serves as a reliable sign in the differentiation of P. pseudomallei strains into serovars. Subcultures, defective in the synthesis of antigen 8, have sharply reduced virulence for laboratory animals. As revealed in this study, the pathogenetic action of antigen 8 is linked with its pronounced antiphagocytic function. Thus, antigen 8 is considered to be one of the key pathogenicity factors of P. pseudomallei.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Features of general anesthesia and infusion-transfusion therapy in extensive surgery of the organs of the abdominal cavity].

The article discusses variants of infusion-transfusion therapy (ITT) in early stages of expanded operations on the abdominal organs attended by massive blood loss (2 to 4 BCV and more). Seventy-three patients were examined, they underwent resection of the liver (30), pancreatoduodenal resection (37), or removal of a retroperitoneal tumor (6 patients). On the basis of precise study of central and peripheral hemodynamics, acid-base equilibrium, and blood oxygen transport function the authors find it necessary to increase the volumes of ITT to 70-80% BCV in the first stage of the operation with a colloid/crystalloid ratio of 1:4. The described method makes it possible to avoid critical fluctuations of cardiac output and blood pressure in massive bleeding. At the same time, such hemodilution causes no considerable decrease in hemoglobin concentrations (which was 79.0% of the initial level at the beginning of the main stage) and specific oxygen transport (85.0%, respectively). In absolute expression the specific oxygen transport before the hemorrhage is 465 + 29 ml/min/m2, which significantly exceeds the critical value. The authors believe the ITT method to be indicated in inevitable blood loss and absence of serious cardiovascular diseases. From comparative analysis of the different variants of general anesthesia, the authors conclude that the following combination of agents is preferable for the discussed category of patients: phentanyl, droperidol, seduxen, kalipsol (ketamine), and dalargin. Their balanced use ensures stability of the main homeostasis indices in all stages of the intervention; the hepato- and pancreatoprotective properties of dalargin are also of importance.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Various aspects of using minor regulatory peptides in anesthesiology].

Dalargin is a Soviet synthetic analog of leu-enkephalin. It was used in a complex of anesthesiological protection (in the form of permanent infusion at a rate of 40-55 micrograms/kg/h) in 331 patients who suffered different operations on the heart, lungs and abdominal cavity. Potential mechanisms of the protective action of the drug were studied in experimental surgical distress. It was found advisable that dalargin may be included into combined general anesthesia to maintain intraoperative organ protection, to stabilize vital functions of the patient at the most crucial and traumatic stages of intervention, and to decrease requirements of narcotic analgetics. It is assumed that dalargin may interact with peripheral opiate receptors. The interaction is likely to be viewed as the main mechanism by which the protective properties of the drug are realized.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of dalargin on hemodynamics of anesthesized rats during truncal vagotomy].

I/v dalargin injection (20-25 g/kg) to narcotized rats in case of total myoplegia effectively protect hemodynamic changes under nociceptive stimulation. Bilateral truncal vagotomy partially decrease the protective effect of dalargin. Protective effect of the medicine results in activation of central and peripheral opioid receptors.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

[Intraoperative computed EEG monitoring for evaluating the adequacy of general anesthesia].

The article analyses the possibilities of computed EEG monitoring for evaluation of the magnitude and adequacy of the modern methods of general anesthesia: NLA, NLA with halothane inhalation, NLA including Kalipsol bolus administration. An original coefficient, called the adequacy index (AI), was found, which reflects the percentage contribution of deep rhythms (delta and theta) to the total power of the EEG in the range of 0 to 20 Hz. It is shown that the dynamics of this index correlates with the degree of the blocking of entry of sensory nociceptive information into the CNS. The lower boundary of AI-70% was determined, below which the generally accepted signs of anesthesia inadequacy appear: hyperactivity develops, a shift of pH in the acid direction occurs, and the base deficiency increases. It is suggested that determination of AI is used as a highly sensitive and operative test for routine monitoring of the patient's intraoperative condition and express diagnosis of inefficacy of anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1990

[The design of a diagnostic test system based on magnetic sorbents and liposomes].

The results obtained in the study of the possibility of using magnetic sorbents for the construction of a diagnostic assay system based on the antigen-antibody interaction are presented. As a model, Yersinia pestis capsular antigen and immunoglobulins to it have been used. A solid-phase immunofluorescent liposomal assay method has been developed; this method can be used for the detection of biopolymers in the sample under study and for the determination of their activity.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

[Use of dalargin in complex anesthesiological protection during operations on the abdominal organs].

The authors analyse experience in the use of the synthetic analogue of ++leu enkephalin dalargin in multicomponent balanced anesthesia in operations on the abdominal organs in 36 patients. With the use of the suggested method the intraoperative expenditure of narcotic analgesics is 6 times less but the efficacy of the anesthesia remains the same. Study of the activity of the liver-specific enzymes (histidase and urokinase) in blood plasma and biopsy material taken from the liver and the content of malonic dialdehyde in the hepatic biopsy specimen revealed hepatoprotective properties of dalargin. The decrease of the total peripheral resistance and increase of the elasticity of the arterial reservoir++ in the main group as compared to these values in patients treated by the traditional method were considered by the authors to be the consequence of the autonomic priming effect of the opiopeptide used. It is concluded that the use of synthetic analogues of endogenous opioids (dalargin) in the anesthesiological protection complex in operations on the abdominal organs is expedient.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of total lavage of the gastrointestinal tract on the regulatory mechanisms of water-electrolyte metabolism in patients who had undergone colon surgery].

The main parameters of homeostasis in total lavage of the gastrointestinal tract with isotonic solution (osmolality of 290 mosm/l) were studied in 85 patients. It was revealed that lavage facilitates increase of the volume of circulating blood by more than 10%. Prolonged (over 6 hours) operative intervention and severe blood loss (20% of the circulating volume) which call for the conduction of infusion-transfusion therapy during lavage lead to considerable water loading of the patient's organism. Initial hypoalbuminemia and hypokalemia in the patients should be considered a relative contraindication for total lavage of the gastrointestinal tract with an isotonic solution.

Adult↗