Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V K Mazo.
This revue discusses data concerning essential trace element zinc (Zn) dietary consumption levels in Russian Federation and some foreign countries. There are discussed biochemical criteria of Zn security in humans. It's concluded that zinc insufficiency is widely distributed among adult and children population in many districts of Russia.
Selenium level was determined in sera of 27 patients including 15 patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases and 12 patients with intestinal malabsorption after some kinds of stomach or small intestine resection. Deficiency of this trace element was found in 5 patients and suboptimal concentration in 4 patients in the first group and in 3 and 5 patients of second group respectively. Supplementation of patients with 45 mg of selenium organic form based on autolysis extract of selenious baker's yeast resulted in increase of selenium level in 23 (85%) patients including all of them with selenium deficiency or suboptimal level. It was concluded about high bioavailability of selenium in supplement studied. Perturbed intestinal absorption after surgical resection of stomach or small intestine may be considered as an indication for prophylactic taking of organic selenium form preparation.
The vitamin security and selenium status were measured in the patients with unspecific ulcerative colitis. There were used food microalgae Spirulina platensis and it's preparation enriched with selenium as auxiliary tools of dietetic treatment for these patients. It's shown that there is a combined deficiency of beta-carotene and selenium and occasionally some other micronutrients in a significant part of the patients. The doses used of said food supplements were not enough sufficient for a dietary correction of deficiency of micronutrients with antioxidative properties.
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Anaphylactic response intensity was quantitatively estimated by means of measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Damage to intestinal mucosa was studied by means of morphometry. These indices grew in a dose-dependent way along with the amount of administered egg ovalbumin (OVA). The MAP and HR measurements seem to be useful in a quantitative elucidation of allergic sensitivity in laboratory animals.
The article reviews experimental and clinical data that supports free radicals participation in allergic reactions development. Free radical reactions were shown to take place in activation of first and second order target cells, in cellular interactions participating in allergic inflammation; besides these free radicals initiate lipid peroxidation in target cells and produce shift in eicosanoid metabolism. The review discusses participation of free radicals in allergy pathogenesis and proposes the expedience of food antioxidants utilization in complex treatment and prophylactic of allergic diseases.
Influence of bioactive food supplements (BFA) intake on intestinal barrier permeability to macromolecules of polyethylene glycol 4000 was studied in rats with intestinal anaphylaxis and after external gamma-irradiation. BFA studied included autolysed baker's yeast ("Vitasil") and edible algae Spirulina platensis. Intake of complex additive Vitasil + Spirulina resulted in significant diminution of permeability before irradiation and its partial normalization (24% decrease) after irradiation. Spirulina additive intake led to practically complete normalization of permeability (1.84 times decrease) in anaphylactic rats. It is concluded that Spirulina and Vitasil are promising BFA for organism general resistance elevation.
Ovalbumin loading enzyme immunoassay was made in 44 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 8 patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Enhanced intestinal permeability for macromolecules was found in 87.5 and 65.9% of patients with CD and UC, respectively. Blood serum of UC patients suffering from combination of food intolerance with dysbacteriosis contained ovalbumin in amounts exceeding those in patients without the above disorders 3.4 times (p < 0.05). No significant relationship existed between UC patients' high intestinal permeability and such indices as age, duration of the disease, intestinal lesion extension, administration of corticosteroids. It was found desirable to include ovalbumin intestinal permeability test in examination of UC and CD patients to differentiate treatment policy.
Rat's intestinal barrier permeability disturbed in consequence of intestinal anaphylaxis reaction was almost completely normalized in animals fed with baker's yeast autolysate "Vitasil" enriched with selenium on a level of 3 mg Se/day during 29 days. These rats showed in comparison to Se-unsupplemented animals a significant elevation of Se level in red blood cells and plasma together with a decrease of intestinal mucosal TCA-soluble thiol compounds. Urinary Se excretion was significantly elevated in comparison to unsensitized rats both in Se-supplemented and unsupplemented animals with anaphylaxis. It's concluded that "Se-Vitasil" may be successfully used in antioxidative therapy of food allergy, malabsorption, inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infection.
There was studied a possibility of immunochemical specificity conservation in immunoglobulins ingested with a bolus of experimental fermented milk formula. Adult rats received intragastrically 4 ml of studied formula supplied with gamma-globulin fraction of normal serum. Concentration was measured of IgG, IgA and IgM in gastric and intestinal content and in feces 1, 2 and 30 hours later the ingestion by radial immunodiffusion and ELISA. At two hours of digestion up to 25.7% of IgG could be recovered from gastrointestinal tract in immunoprecipitated form. IgA and IgM macromolecules degraded in the intestinal lumen with significantly higher rate. Only trace amounts of IgG were revealed in feces. Molecular weight of immunoprecipitated IgG in distal intestinal compartment was equal to 50 kD according gel filtration data. This corresponds to large breakdown fragments of Fab or Fc type. It was concluded that this fragments could stimulate in non-specific manner some kinds of immunocompetent lymphocytes of intestinal tract.
Lipid peroxidation and mineral metabolism were studied in patients with III degree of obesity and bad standing of sodium restricted diet before and after treatment with including in diet of monosodium glutamate (MSG). It was established well being of MSG and absence of negative effect on loss of body mass in course of dietary treatment. MSG caused normalization of level of diene conjugates and some minerals in serum of patients.
400 to 700 rad irradiation with gamma-rays significantly increased the intestinal permeability for ovalbumin and polyethylene glycol in rats. Consumption of cow's milk with a protein concentrate for 14 days prior to irradiation helped to normalise the disturbed permeability. The findings suggest the possibility of prophylactic use of milk for risk group subjects with acute or chronic radiation injuries.
Rats received dietary supplement of milk whey concentrate (KSP) being manufactured from skimmed milk by addition of apple pectin (Pec), KSP ultrafiltrated fractions and pure Pec during 21 day. A part of animals were sensitized i/p with chicken ovalbumin and finally subjected to systemic anaphylaxis (SA) by i/v antigen challenge. Gastrointestinal barrier macromolecular permeability (MP) for polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000) was measured by its urinary excretion after an intragastric load. MP increased significantly in nonsensitized rats after feeding with KSP and its high molecular (HM) fraction but not after feeding with low molecular (LM) KSP fraction compared to NaCl fed group. Feeding with Pec dramatically (5-fold) increased permeability. On the contrary the permeability decreased in sensitized rats subjected to SA when fed with KSP, its LM and particularly HM fraction the later group permeability being normalized down to normal value found in nonsensitized animals. It's concluded that KSP whey protein may be recommended for incorporation into specialized foods for patients with impaired gastrointestinal function.
The effect of fat composition with a different ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids of families omega 3 and omega 6 on expression of experimental dietary anaphylaxis, liver monooxygenase system and metabolism of 17-oxycorticosteroides (17-OCS) in guinea-pig have been investigated. Fat components in experimental diets were presented by sunflower, ichthyene oils and mix of these oils in the ratio 1:1. A ratio of PUFA of a family omega 6 to omega 3 in diets were 64,0; 0,13 and 2,64. It was shown that a burden of dietary anaphylaxis were reduced significantly at the introduction in diets of sunflower oil.ulakcuu is authentically reduced. Simultaneously a marked increase of a ratios P-450B to P-450L and b5 to P-450 and reduction of a hexenal sleep duration were determined. The amount of excreted polar 17-OCS was also decreased in animals fed sunflower oil. Probable mechanisms of hypoallergenic action of dietary sunflower oil were conditioned by reorganization of liver cytochrome P-450 system and respective alterations of 17-OCS metabolism are discussed.
Wistar rats were sensitized with hen egg ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally and were fed with diets that contained 12% fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil for 3 weeks with a purpose to study the influence of dietary fat source on the macromolecular permeability of small intestine in systemic anaphylaxis. 29 days later the systemic anaphylaxis was challenged by i.v. administration of OVA. This reaction was aggravated in animals fed with FO this being supported by morphofunctional changes pattern in small intestine. The deleterious effect on intestinal protective barrier efficiency against polyethyleneglycol 4000 macromolecules was noticed in rats fed with FO containing large amounts of n-3 PUFA. It's suggested that the prevention of deleterious effect of FO is possible by increase of dietary antioxidative factors consumption that might be taken into consideration during some kinds of dietary treatment.
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Experimental evaluation of specialized foodstuffs intended for patients with alimentary allergy includes a number of in vitro and in vivo trials: physicochemical and immunochemical analysis, determination of potential sensitizing capacity and influence on the resistance to allergic factors. The above investigations were performed in the RF AMS Research Institute of Nutrition with soya protein isolates and their modified forms, enzymatic hydrolysates of cow's milk proteins with different degree of hydrolysis, lipid compositions containing omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA and complete specialized foodstuffs based on the components listed. The prospects are discussed of the studies of the alimentary factor effects on some biochemical indices reflecting the status of the systems essential for laboratory animals resistance to allergic impacts. Sensitization rat models are considered for assessment of specialized hypoallergic foodstuffs and their components.
Macromolecular absorption of food and microbial antigens being enhanced in the intestine under pathological conditions may well be the cause of such diseases as food allergy, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, atopic eczema, etc. The polyethyleneglycol-4000 (PEG-4000) and food antigens absorption was found to be similar in the animal intestine. The PEG-4000 gastrointestinal permeability is considerably increased in the rats with anaphylaxis, experimental biliary malabsorption and experimental colitis. Fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 series as well as histidine were found to change the permeability for the PEG-4000.