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Biomedical subjects

V K Raina

Publications and source records attributed to V K Raina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Lymphatic filariasis in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh.

As per earlier reports only Ratanpur PHC of the district Bilaspur of Chattisgarh was endemic for filariasis. During the present survey microfilaria infection and disease manifestations were detected in two more PHCs namely Bilha and Bilaspur. 3426 Night blood smears were collected from 24 randomly selected localities (13 rural and 11 urban) covering 25% known endemic areas and 75% reportedly non-endemic areas. Sample size was calculated taking 12% prevalence rate using standard statistical formula. Sixty-two indigenous residents (mf rate 1.80%) were found positive for W. bancrofti infection. Males (2.17%) were more affected than females (1.19%). The mf carriers were 2.05% in rural and 1.45% in urban communities, which indicates that lymphatic filariasis is prevalent in rural areas also. The mean mf density was 5.06. No infective or infected mosquitoes could be detected in Culex quinquefasciatus (544 nos.), M. annulifera (13 nos.) and M. uniformis (2 nos.). Comparing the earlier studies, in Bilaspur district the infection has been showing a declining trend and Brugia malayi infection has disappeared.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Tuberculous appendicitis in India.

Tuberculous appendicitis (TBA) is a rare condition. The present study has been conducted to study its prevalence and presentation. This retrospective study was performed in the Department of Surgery, NSCB Government Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, India, in 870 consecutive appendectomies performed between January 1991 and December 2000. Of 870 consecutive appendicular specimens, 10 cases of primary (1.1%) and 16 of secondary TBA (1.8%) were encountered. Results of all pre-operative investigations were non-specific and the diagnosis was made only after histopathology. The prevalence of TBA in this study was 2.9%. Although it is a rare condition, its possibility should be kept in mind by clinicians as well as pathologists. All surgically removed appendix specimens should be histopathologically examined, whether or not the specimens are macroscopically normal. Given antitubercular treatment in addition to appendectomy, patients recover without complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Quality of life after peptic perforation.

AIM OF STUDY: Quality of life (QOL) as outcome during treatment of acid peptic disease has been studied, but, peptic perforation, which is the commonest complication of acid peptic disease, has not been studied in the light of QOL outcome. The present-study addresses the important issue of QOL after peptic perforations. METHODS: This prospective study was carried on 51 adult consecutive survivors of peptic perforation managed in Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Government NSCB Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur (MP) India. These underwent exploratory laparotomy with repair of perforation, and subsequently were discharged on anti-ulcer therapy (Pantoprazole 40 mg once a day) for 6 weeks. The instrument chosen to study their QOL was gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI). Patients were assessed before they underwent surgery and 3 months and 6 months after operation. RESULTS: The overall GIQLI score (t = 20.1, p < 0.00 at 3 months; t = 8.2, p < 0.001 at 6 months) as well as its G I core (t = 14.5, p < 0.001 at 3 months; t = 7.3, p < 0.001 at 6 months), G I disease specific (t = 12.9, p < 0.001 at 3 months; t = 2.6, p < 0.02 at 6 months), psychological (t = 15.4, p < 0.001 at 3 months; t = 3.5, p < 0.001 at 6 months) and physical and social components (t = 10.9, p < 0.001 at 3 months; t = 4.2, p < 0.001 at 6 months) significantly increased over 3 and 6 months of follow-up, reflecting improvement in quality of life as perceived by the patients. Variations in the pattern of recovery, based on age and gender were not seen in the present study. CONCLUSION: Peptic perforation does not result in any long lasting impairment of QOL and the QOL improves to near normal in 6 months time after the perforation.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2003

Correlation between serum-ascites albumin concentration gradient with gastrointestinal bleeding in patients of portal hypertension.

Non-availability of endoscopic screening to detect portal hypertensive patients at a high risk of index gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage led us to examine the relationship between serum-ascitic albumin concentration gradient (SAAG) measurements and the occurrence of GI haemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and ascites. Fifty-six consecutive patients of portal hypertension with ascites attending the GI surgery outpatients clinic were divided into two groups on the basis of history: (a) those who had no history of GI bleeding; and (b) those who had an episode of GI bleeding within the past 21 days. Child-Pugh score was calculated for all patients. All the patients were assessed by ultrasonography and SAAG was estimated. Groups (a) and (b) were compared and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of using SAAG as a possible screening test for GI bleeding were calculated. SAAG values correlated significantly with bleeding and splenomegaly. For prediction of bleeding, SAAG had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 33.33%, positive predictive value of SAAG for GI bleeding was 71.4% and the negative predictive value was 100%. Estimation of SAAG is possible even in a small, modestly equipped laboratory, and could provide a new means for the identification of high-risk patients for GI bleeding and define patients more accurately for future clinical studies. The results of the present study are encouraging for clinicians working in developing countries and may help in optimizing prophylactic therapy and where available, improving the cost effectiveness of screening endoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Surgical bypass is still relevant in the palliation of malignant obstructive jaundice.

Malignant tumours of the biliopancreatic system causing obstructive jaundice are not curable in most of the patients, and palliation plays a very important therapeutic role. The role of surgery in palliation of malignant obstructive jaundice has been questioned in the light of availability of endoscopic techniques. In developing countries, however, exploratory laparotomy and palliative surgery (when possible) is the only option available as sophisticated instruments and the expertise to use them is limited to a very few centres. This was a retrospective study of 83 consecutive cases with malignant obstructive jaundice admitted to the Department of Surgery, NSCB Government Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, India from January 1996 to December 2000.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Palliation by coeliac plexus block for upper abdominal visceral cancer pain.

Palliation of cancer related pain is one of the major concerns of patients suffering from cancer of the upper abdominal organs. The non-availability of imaging techniques to guide needle placement prompted us to use a blind technique of neurolytic coeliac plexus block. Thirty consecutive patients with intractable pain, due to documented inoperable upper abdominal visceral cancers, underwent neurolytic coeliac plexus block by blind percutaneous retrocrural unilateral neurolysis. The severity of pain was documented on a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) performed pre-block and post-block at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Pain relief was graded as excellent if the score was 0-2, good when VAS was 3-5, satisfactory whenVAS was 6-7 and unsatisfactory if VAS was 8-10. Excellent pain relief was obtained in 26/30 patients (86.6%). Relief from pain diminished with time and after 3 months, 16/30 patients (53.35) graded their pain relief as excellent. Transient but severe hypotension complicated 73% of blocks. Despite the proximity of vital structures, blind unilateral retrocrural neurolytic coeliac plexus blockade is a safe and effective means to relieve the terminal pain associated with upper abdominal visceral cancer. It deserves more widespread use in patients with upper abdominal cancer. Results of the present study are encouraging and relevant for clinicians working in developing countries.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

A modified technique of devascularization for surgical management of portal hypertension in children.

In developing countries surgery is indicated in patients with portal hypertension for a variety of reasons. This study prospectively evaluates a modified technique of devascularization for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension of different aetiologies. Transabdominal extensive oesophagogastric devascularization combined with transmural ligation of oesophageal and gastric varices was performed in 16 paediatric patients (nine with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, and seven with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis) in an elective setting. The Sugiura devascularization procedure was modified to minimize the operating time and to avoid the problems associated with oesophageal transection and anastomosis. The operative mortality rate as well as the oesophageal leak rate was zero. One patient developed an oesophageal stricture. During a 12-month follow-up, patients were seen with residual varices (2), recurrent varices (3) and rebleeding (1). Porto-systemic encephalopathy was seen in one patient only. This technique is a simple, straightforward, safe and effective modification of the Sugiura procedure in controlling bleeding, providing good quality of life with minimal porto-systemic encephalopathy.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia "occulta".

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia usually presents with cyanotic attacks, dyspnoea and dextrocardia, a typical triad which is almost considered pathognomonic. The case records of 10 patients (out of a total of 20) of congenital diaphragmatic hernia presenting beyond the neonatal period were reviewed retrospectively. Age and symptoms at presentation and signs elicited were paid special attention. All the patients underwent operative repair of hernia under general anaesthesia. Given below is an explanation for such a high incidence of late presentation in our series. This nomenclature (Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia "Occulta") will help clinicians in remembering this entity if and when such patients present to the clinicians.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Anorectal avulsion: an unusual rectal injury.

Traumatic injuries to the rectum although uncommon can result in virulent complications and even death. Diverting colostomy, presacral drainage, distal wash out and rectal repair, when feasible, have become the standard treatment for rectal injuries. We report an unusual case of rectal injury resulting in anorectal avulsion from skin and surrounding tissues.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

'Free omental plug': a nostalgic look at an old and dependable technique for giant peptic perforations.

Peptic perforation is a serious complication of peptic ulcer disease. The defect in the intestinal wall usually does not present a difficult technical problem of surgical management, in most cases perforation can be closed primarily. On rare occasions an extremely large defect (giant peptic perforation - defined as any perforation greater than 2.5 cm in size) cannot be closed by these simple techniques. Modalities of treatment advocated for such an ulcer over the years are: free omental plug in the form of a mushroom; serosal patch technique; jejunal pedicle graft, partial gastrectomy, and finally the possible addition of proximal gastrojejunostomy. The omental plug is a simple procedure which does not require expertise and can even be performed in a very short time by a trainee general surgeon in a seriously ill patient in emergency. We review 7 cases of giant peptic perforations closed by a free omental plug.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

In-continuity fundic bypass for palliation in unresectable carcinoma of the oesophagus: a previously unreported procedure.

Surgical bypass for the palliation of dysphagia in patients with unresectable oesophageal carcinoma continues to be an option in developing countries, as the cost of a good quality endo-prosthesis is well beyond the means of most patients. One such case is presented in which an in-continuity fundic bypass (without resection of the lesser curvature and cardia, thereby not disconnecting the oesophago-gastric junction) was made with gratifying results with regard to quality of life. Awareness of this previously unreported procedure is important because it adds to the armamentarium of surgeons wanting to provide palliation for dysphagia and aspiration in patients with unresectable carcinoma of the oesophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2000

Dengue/DHF: an emerging disease in India.

Dengue/DHF is an emergent disease in India and some parts of country are endemic and periodically contributing annual outbreaks of dengue/DHF. Dengue infection manifests as undifferentiated fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) which leads to hospitalization large number of people in a localized area. There is high mortality and morbidity associated with the onset of each dengue outbreak leading to great socio-economic impact. The prevention and control of dengue outbreak depends upon the proper monitoring of the disease case through disease surveillance so as to ensure timely management of cases. Vector surveillance helps in the proper and timely implementation of emergency control measures against dengue vector i.e. Aedes aegypti. There is an urgent need for an effective diagnostic strategy for early diagnosis to shorten the illness duration, hospitalization time and the associated complications.

Aedes↗
PubMed1994

Some aspects of the bionomics of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Rajahmundry town, Andhra Pradesh.

From January 1991 to December 1992 the adult and immature populations of Culex quinquefasciatus were monitored in selected localities of Rajahmundry town. The larval density per dip ranged from 1.1 in September to 25.3 in October and the pupal density from 1.2 to 8.4 in October. Two high peaks of adult density in a year were observed during the study. Infective mosquitoes were recorded only in November 1991 and August 1992. Cx. quinquefasciatus landing on human bait was maximum between 2200 to 2400 hours and they preferred to land on body site followed by legs, hands and face in that order. The anthropophilic index was 79.5 per cent. Ratio of Female: Male mosquitoes was 5:1.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of diethylcarbamazine medicated salt in interrupting Brugia malayi transmission in hill tribe settlements in Kerala State.

A filariasis survey carried out about eight years after achieving zero microfilaria (mf) rates following administration of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) medicated salt in the Kani hill tribe settlements in Quilon and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala State revealed that there was no reappearance of Brugia malayi infection in the experimental areas. Mf rates were maintained at zero level in the experimental villages, while in the control villages, 2.9 per cent mf positives were observed. Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis dissected did not reveal filarial infection. It is concluded that DEC medicated salt regime in the experimental areas of Kani hill tribe settlements has been successful in effectively interrupting B. malayi transmission. Pilot studies in other B. malayi endemic areas of India using DEC medicated salt regime with the objective of eliminating B. malayi transmission are advocated, since the parasite has a restricted distribution in India and is already showing a declining trend.

Animals↗