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Biomedical subjects

V Krishnan

Publications and source records attributed to V Krishnan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immigrant fertility: an examination of social characteristics and assimilation.

"This study compares the fertility patterns of foreign-born and native-born women in Canada and examines whether [the] same set of social characteristics accounts for differential fertility among both the groups. The study also assesses the importance of social characteristics and assimilation on immigrant fertility behavior. Two generations of currently married/cohabiting women with spouse present are analyzed using multiple regressions. The results reveal similar effects on fertility of social characteristics for foreign-born and native-born, while in the case of younger generations the effects are stronger."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens as antiestrogens in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: role of the Ah receptor.

Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 1.0 microM 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) caused a decrease in cell proliferation and [3H]thymidine uptake whereas no effects were observed at a lower (0.1 microM) concentration. Co-treatment of the cells with 1 nM 17 beta-estradiol plus 0.1 or 1.0 mu MC resulted in a significant inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol-induced growth and [3H]thymidine uptake. MC also inhibited the 17 beta-estradiol-induced secretion of the 52 kDa protein (procathepsin D) in MCF-7 cells and caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) as determined by either velocity sedimentation analysis or immunoquantitation with human ER antibodies. The effects of several different polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) congeners on the nuclear ER in MCF-7 cells were also determined. Only those congeners which bound to the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor, namely benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and MC, caused a decrease in nuclear ER levels. In contrast, benzo[ghi]perylene, a congener which did not bind to the Ah receptor did not affect nuclear ER levels in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, with some congeners the decrease in nuclear ER levels could be observed without any significant induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, a P4501A1-dependent monooxygenase. These data suggest that the Ah receptor liganded with MC and related PAHs induced a broad spectrum of antiestrogenic responses in MCF-7 cells and complements the results of previous studies which report the antiestrogenic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and other halogenated aromatics which are also Ah receptor agonists.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Detection of HIV-1 in human lung macrophages using the polymerase chain reaction.

We have used the polymerase chain reaction to investigate HIV-1 infection of lung macrophages from 44 AIDS patients with pneumonia. Proviral HIV-1 DNA was detected in the lung macrophages of 47% (21 of 44) of patients tested; 32% (seven of 21) of the patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and 56% (11 of 21) had pneumonia caused by other aetiological agents. Matched peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 22 patients in this study, and HIV-1-specific DNA was detected in 100% (22 out of 22) of non-adherent white cell preparations tested. HIV was detected in blood monocytes of 11 out of 22 patients (50%), and a virus signal was also found in the lung macrophages of eight of these patients. Our results indicate that PCP does not predispose lung macrophages to HIV-1, nor does HIV-1 infection of lung macrophages increase the probability of contracting PCP.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Intraoral grafting of a canine full-thickness oral mucosal equivalent produced in vitro.

A canine full-thickness oral mucosal equivalent (FTOME) was produced in vitro and used in intraoral grafting. The FTOME consisted of an autologous stratified epithelial surface layer overlying an acellular bilaminar collagenous matrix. The material was grafted on the periosteum of deepithelialized edentulous alveolar ridges in dogs. Biopsies of the grafted FTOME showed that the epithelium remained viable, migrated over the surrounding tissue, and aided in wound healing.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1988

Variability in 28-day outcomes for very low birth weight infants: an analysis of 11 neonatal intensive care units.

A retrospective study of all infants weighing 701 to 1,500 g born at 11 neonatal intensive care centers during 1983 and 1984 was performed to determine whether two specific 28-day outcomes, survival and survival without the need for supplemental oxygen, varied among the centers. Survival without the need for supplemental oxygen was chosen as a reflection of infants surviving without chronic lung disease. There were 1,776 live-born infants delivered during the 2-year study period. Of these infants, 85% (1,512) survived 28 days, a range of 80% to 92% at the individual centers. A total of 60% (1,056) of the infants were alive without supplemental oxygen on day 28, a range of 51% to 70% at the individual centers. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both survival on day 28 (chi 2 = 23.9, P less than .01) and survival without supplemental oxygen on day 28 (chi 2 = 44.2, P less than .0001) varied significantly among centers after the effects of birth weight, gender, and race were taken into account. Female gender, nonwhite race, and increased birth weight were factors associated with improved rates of survival and survival without supplemental oxygen. The magnitude of outcome variation among centers was estimated by using the logistic regression models to predict what the outcomes would be if each center were to treat a standardized population consisting of all 1,776 study infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1986

Newborn hearing screening using the Crib-O-Gram.

The purpose of this investigation was to identify variables that might affect the failure rate and test duration of Crib-O-Gram hearing screenings. One hundred sixty-three infants who graduated from a neonatal intensive care unit were screened. All screenings were performed by nurses in the open nursery. For the purposes of statistical analyses the infants were divided into three groups: group A--passed the first screening; group B--failed the first screening and passed the second screening; and group C--failed both screenings. The length of Crib-O-Gram screening and screening outcome were not associated with gestational age, conceptional age, weight, or time at which the test commenced. Infants who failed the screening twice had shorter screening durations than infants who passed the screening the first time.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of housing tenure on fertility.

"This article used the 1984 Canadian Fertility Survey data to examine the effects of housing tenure and a number of sociodemographic and economic factors (e.g., education, religion, income) on both completed fertility and selected parity progression. Results showed a statistically significant positive effect of housing tenure on completed fertility.... Age at marriage, education, religiosity, nativity, and region of residence were highly associated with completed fertility. Housing tenure effects on the parity progression were similar in pattern, although statistically significant effect occurred only in the progression from two to three children. Furthermore, religious attendance was found to increase the likelihood of higher order births among Canadian women."

Americas↗