Biomedical subjects

V L Champion

Publications and source records attributed to V L Champion.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Compliance with guidelines for mammography screening.

The health belief model was used to identify potential variables related to intention or compliance with mammography guidelines. Scales to measure independent and dependent variables were developed from previous research and assessed for validity and reliability. A probability sample of women 35 and older (x = 50) who resided in a large metropolitan area and surrounding counties (n = 322) participated in in-home interviews. Intent to complete mammography was related to having a family history of breast cancer, perceived barriers to mammography, and perceived control over breast cancer. Compliance with mammography was influenced by general health motivation and perceived susceptibility to and seriousness of breast cancer, benefits, and control over breast cancer. In addition, knowledge about breast cancer and breast cancer detection, age, having a health care provider suggest mammography, having symptoms of breast cancer, and socioeconomic status were significantly related to actual compliance with mammography.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Breast self-examination in women 35 and older: a prospective study.

A correlational study was conducted to identify attitudinal variables specified by the Health Belief Model that were related to frequency and total performance (frequency and proficiency) of breast self-examination (BSE). The probability sample consisted of 362 women, ages 35 and over, who were initially contacted via random digit dialing. Data were collected during in-home interviews by trained graduate assistants and by telephone interview 1 year later. Results supported the ability of past performance, perceived barriers, and knowledge to predict current total performance (combined frequency and proficiency). In addition, frequency for breast self-examination was predicted by past frequency, barriers, health motivation, control, being taught by a doctor, confidence, having BSE procedure checked, benefits, and susceptibility. Results lend support to use of attitudinal and experimental variables in predicting women's actual behaviors in relation to breast self-examination.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Relationship between cross-cultural health attitudes and community health indicators.

Improving health standards both nationally and cross-culturally is a goal for all community health nurses. Previous research has supported links between health attitudes and behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between attitudes toward health and indexes of community health using a cross-cultural data set. Concepts selected from the data set were I (myself), body, sickness, disease, life, doctor, health, medicine, hospital, nurse, death, and insane. Community health indicators were male and female life expectancy, infant mortality, economic and public health expenditures, and net social progress. The original sample included 1200 high school males within each of 30 language and cultural communities. Data were derived from students' ratings of the dimensions of evaluation, potency, and activity for each concept. The results supported the association between attitudes and objective community health indicators. Unexpected negative correlations were found between attitudes toward medicine and nurse attitudes toward body and life, perhaps indicating that extended contact with health care providers may result in negative attitudes toward them. Positive relationships were found between public health expenditures and nurses, indicating that in countries with more expenditures for community and public health, attitudes toward nurses were more positive.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Variables related to research utilization in nursing: an empirical investigation.

The purpose of the correlational study was to identify variables which were related to utilization of research in the clinical area. A convenience sample of 59 nurses from a community hospital in the southwest part of the United States was utilized for the sample. The concepts of attitude, support and availability were identified through the literature and used as independent variables for this study. Scales were developed from past research and tested for validity and reliability. Results indicated that attitude and availability were related to research utilization (R = 0.65, P less than or equal to 0.00). In addition, the support of administrators was also important in determining research use. Results from this study can be used to develop strategies to increase research utilization.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effect of knowledge, teaching method, confidence and social influence on breast self-examination behavior.

A descriptive study was conducted to identify the relationship of knowledge, teaching methods, confidence and social influence to intent, frequency and proficiency of breast self-examination. A probability sample of 380 women aged 35 years and over served as subjects for in-home interviews conducted by trained graduate assistants. Knowledge correlated significantly with intent and proficiency of breast self-examination but not with frequency. Confidence correlated significantly with all three dependent variables, while social influence correlated only with intent. Being taught individually with a return demonstration increased proficiency and frequency. Implications for clinical application and future research are suggested.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Cross-cultural relationships between self-concept and body image in high school-age boys.

The relationship between self-concept and body image was investigated through a secondary analysis of data from a sample of 1,200 high school male students from 30 language/culture communities (Osgood, May, & Myron, 1975). Subjects rated adjectives pertaining to self-concept and body image using 7-step semantic differential bipolar scales. Adjectives were related to the dimensions of Evaluation, Potency, and Activity. Correlation, factor analysis, and multiple regression were utilized to examine multivariate relationships among self-concept dimensions and body-image dimensions. Significant positive correlations were found between self-concept and body image. In addition, significant positive relationships were found when self-concept factors were regressed on the body-image factor (R2 = .49 to .57, p less than or equal to .001) for Activity and Potency. Results support the existence of a strong positive relationship between self-concept and body image across the 30 cultures involved. Findings have important implications for nursing in assessment and interventions with clients who have deficits in either self-concept or body image.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Attitudinal variables related to intention, frequency and proficiency of breast self-examination in women 35 and over.

A correlational study was conducted to identify attitudinal variables specified by the Health Belief Model that were related to intent, frequency, and proficiency of breast self-examination. The probability sample consisted of 380 women age 35 and over who were contacted via random digit dialing. Data were collected during in-home interviews. Results supported the combined ability of susceptibility, seriousness, barriers, health motivation, and control to predict intent to practice breast self-examination (R = .61, p. less than or equal to .001). In addition, frequency and total proficiency for breast self-examination were predicted by health motivations, susceptibility, and barriers using discriminant analysis. Results lend support to use of the Health Belief Model variables in predicting women's intention and actual behavior of breast self-examination.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of age to factors influencing breast self-examination practice.

Although breast cancer is more prevalent in older women, breast self-examination (BSE) is often done less frequently. A correlational study was undertaken to investigate variables related to BSE behavior in women from three age groups: women 35 to 44, women 45 to 54, and women 55 and older. Attitudinal variables specified by several theoretical models (susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, health motivation, control, confidence, and knowledge) were assessed. The probability sample consisted of 322 women who were contacted via random-digit dialing; data were then collected via mailed questionnaires. Results indicated differences in significant variables depending on age group. In the oldest age group, barriers was the only significant variable, but for women 45 to 54, confidence and barriers were both significantly related to BSE. The youngest age group, women aged 35 to 44, showed significant relationships with susceptibility, seriousness, barriers, confidence, and knowledge. Results indicate there may need to be different approaches for increasing BSE depending upon the age of the woman.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clean technique for intermittent self-catheterization.

Seven patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction who ranged in age from 16 to 54 years, and who had been on sterile intermittent self-catheterization, were changed to clean intermittent self-catheterization. Urine was monitored for one year after changing to clean technique. Urine specimens obtained while on clean technique were bacteriologically equivalent to urine specimens examined while patients were on sterile technique; the only exception to equivalent urine results were in patients who did not catheterize themselves at frequent intervals. Renal function tests on all patients were also normal. The clean, intermittent self-catheterization technique was effective, since infection did not seem to be caused by introducing bacteria into the bladder via the urethra.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of selected variables to breast cancer detection behaviors in women 35 and older.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between selected variables and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, and professional breast examination (PBE). In addition, the relationship between the behaviors was examined using a probability sample of 322 women ages 35 and older. The women were contacted by telephone via random digit dialing, and data were collected through mailed questionnaires. Results supported a relationship between BSE and attitudinal variables of health motivation, social influence, susceptibility, barriers, confidence, and knowledge (R2 = 0.29). Additionally, the variables of knowledge, social influence, and health motivation related to compliance with mammography, and the variable of health motivation related to compliance with PBE.

Adult↗