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V Lampasona

Publications and source records attributed to V Lampasona.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Stability of ranitidine hydrochloride and amino acids in parenteral nutrient solutions.

The stability of ranitidine hydrochloride in parenteral nutrient (PN) solutions and the effect of ranitidine hydrochloride on the amino acids in the PN solutions were studied. Six PN solutions (three each with amino acid contents of 2.125 and 4.25%) were prepared. Each PN solution also contained dextrose 25%, electrolytes, trace elements, vitamins, and heparin sodium. Ranitidine hydrochloride injection was added to four of the PN samples. Of the final samples, two contained no ranitidine, two contained ranitidine hydrochloride 50 micrograms/mL, and two contained ranitidine hydrochloride 100 micrograms/mL. Admixtures of ranitidine hydrochloride at the two concentrations in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were also prepared. Samples were observed for color change and tested for pH during storage at room temperature. Concentrations of amino acids were measured after 24 hours in samples without ranitidine and in samples containing ranitidine hydrochloride 100 micrograms/mL. Ranitidine hydrochloride content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography at 12, 24, and 48 hours. No visual changes or pH changes occurred by 24 hours. All PN solutions became darker by 48 hours. The presence of ranitidine hydrochloride did not substantially affect amino acid concentrations. At 24 hours, at least 90% of the initial ranitidine concentrations remained in all samples. In three of the four PN samples at 48 hours, less than 90% of initial ranitidine concentrations remained. Ranitidine hydrochloride in concentrations of 50 and 100 micrograms/mL in parenteral nutrient solutions containing 4.25 and 2.125% crystalline amino acids is stable for 24 hours at room temperature. Under these conditions, concentrations of the amino acids contained in the PN solutions were not affected by the addition of ranitidine hydrochloride.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Patient selection for serum gentamicin levels.

This article describes a set of criteria that can be used to select appropriate patients for serum gentamicin level (SGL) determinations. The set was generated through a critical review of the literature relevant to gentamicin pharmacokinetics and specific patient factors that can influence gentamicin elimination. Gentamicin was chosen because it has been widely used, and a large portion of the body of knowledge concerning aminoglycosides involves gentamicin. Using these criteria, we prospectively evaluated 73 Medical University Hospital patients for appropriateness of sampling. Forty-nine patients (67.2%) were appropriately selected for SGL measurement. This included patients who conformed to at least one criterion and received SGL determination(s), as well as patients who did not conform to any criterion and did not receive a SGL determination. Forty patients (54.8%) conformed to at least one criterion. Although the majority of patients were appropriately selected, only 40% of patients who met at least one criterion received SGL measurement(s). These data suggest the need for greater awareness by the clinician of factors that predispose patients to toxic or subtherapeutic gentamicin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Team approach in providing clinical pharmacokinetic services.

A team approach to clinical pharmacokinetic services at a university hospital is described. The clinical pharmacokinetics team (CPT) developed as an outgrowth of a clinical pharmacokinetic service (CPS) as the workload of the service expanded. The CPT serves to: (1) maximize the quality and continuity of clinical pharmacokinetic care; (2) provide a teaching medium for students at the baccalaureate and graduate level; and (3) stimulate the development of clinical pharmacokinetic research. The CPT is responsible for patients in those medical services that are not regularly served by a clinical pharmacist. The structure of the CPT includes an attending clinical pharmacist with a hierarchy of subordinate practitioners ranked by their individual didactic and clinical experience in pharmacokinetics. Students participate in (1) work rounds, where collective discussions of patient evaluations occur, and (2) one-to-one student-preceptor clinical assessments of patients' drug therapy. The attending clinical pharmacist conducts CPT rounds daily, and the students and residents must convey information to the team on: (1) the drug therapy prescribed and the appropriate monitoring methods, (2) the working diagnosis and plan of treatment, (3) results of laboratory and clinical assessments, and (4) details of patient interviews. The CPT is also responsible for ongoing clinical pharmacokinetic research. The team approach to clinical pharmacokinetic services has provided a framework for the education of clinical pharmacists while stimulating research and providing direct patient care.

Education, Medical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pentamidine isethionate in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

The chemistry, antiprotozoal activity, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, dosage, administration, and hospital formulary considerations of pentamidine isethionate are reviewed. Pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine, has been used since the 1940s to treat a variety of protozoal infections. It is now most commonly administered in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). It is generally not metabolized, and it is stored or bound to tissue and excreted slowly as the parent compound. Pentamidine is clearly effective in the treatment of PCP; however, the high incidence of adverse reactions associated with the drug led to the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as the first-line agent for PCP. Recent studies have reported a high incidence of adverse reactions, including leukopenia and hepatotoxicity, associated with the use of TMP-SMX therapy for PCP in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The severity and frequency of these reactions suggest a possible new role for pentamidine in patients with AIDS who have PCP. The recommended intramuscular and intravenous dosage of pentamidine isethionate for adults and children is 4 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Intramuscular administration is recommended; however, intravenous administration is a safe alternative if the dose is infused over a 60-minute period. Pentamidine isethionate has specific application in the treatment of PCP as a second-line agent reserved for patients who cannot tolerate TMP-SMX.

Amidines↗