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V Latrabe

Publications and source records attributed to V Latrabe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Measurement of cardiac ventricular volumes using multidetector row computed tomography: comparison of two- and three-dimensional methods.

This study compared a three-dimensional volumetric threshold-based method to a two-dimensional Simpson's rule based short-axis multiplanar method for measuring right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) volumes, stroke volumes, and ejection fraction using electrocardiography-gated multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) data sets. End-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) of RV and LV were measured independently and blindly by two observers from contrast-enhanced MDCT images using commercial software in 18 patients. For RV and LV the three-dimensionally calculated EDV and ESV values were smaller than those provided by two-dimensional short axis (10%, 5%, 15% and 26% differences respectively). Agreement between the two methods was found for LV (EDV/ESV: r=0.974/0.910, ICC=0.905/0.890) but not for RV (r=0.882/0.930, ICC=0.663/0.544). Measurement errors were significant only for EDV of LV using the two-dimensional method. Similar reproducibility was found for LV measurements, but the three-dimensional method provided greater reproducibility for RV measurements than the two-dimensional. The threshold value supported three-dimensional method provides reproducible cardiac ventricular volume measurements, comparable to those obtained using the short-axis Simpson based method.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Pleural mesothelioma: imaging contribution].

Imaging plays an essential role in management of patients of with pleural mesothelioma. In this article, we discuss the respective roles for ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positon emission tomography for the diagnosis, staging, and postherapeutic evaluation of pleural mesothelioma.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2005

Reproducibility of multi-detector spiral computed tomography in detection of sub-segmental acute pulmonary embolism.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of the diagnosis of sub-segmental acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in an inpatient population explored by 16 slice multi-detector spiral computed tomography (MDCT). Four hundred consecutive inpatients were referred for MDCT for the clinical suspicion of acute PE. One hundred and seventy seven (44.2%) had a known cardio-respiratory disease at the time of examination. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreements for the diagnosis of acute PE and of sub-segmental acute PE were assessed blind and independently by three experienced readers and by kappa statistics. Seventy-five patients were diagnosed as having acute PE findings (19.5%), and clots were located exclusively within sub-segmental arteries in nine patients (12%). When clots were limited to sub-segmental or more distal branches of the pulmonary arteries, kappa values were found to be moderate (0.56) to very good (0.85) for the diagnosis of sub-segmental acute PE, whereas for the diagnosis of acute PE in the whole population, kappa values ranged from 0.84 to 0.97. Intra-observer agreement was found to be perfect (kappa=1). MDCT is a reproducible technique for the diagnosis of sub-segmental acute PE as well as for acute PE. In this inpatient population, sub-segmental acute PE was not a rare event.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnostic and therapeutic value of lymphography in persistent postoperative chylothorax].

Chylothorax is a rare but generally severe complication of surgery of congenital heart disease. The authors report the clinical history of a young boy with complex congenital heart disease operated on several occasions and who developed severe and recurrent unilateral chylothorac after a bicavo-bipulmonary derivation. Conservative treatment followed by continuous somatostatin infusion was ineffective. Diagnostic Lipiodol lymphography was required before the chylothorax was cured. The authors describe management of this difficult case and discuss the therapeutic possibilities with reference to a brief review of the literature.

Child↗
PubMed2002

MR imaging of myocardial haematoma after blunt chest injury.

Myocardial contusion after a chest trauma is a frequently under-diagnosed injury. We report two cases of myocardial contusion in which MR imaging, thanks to its contrast capability, was able to assess the presence of a haematoma and in one case to demonstrate the recovery of the lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Feasibility of endocardial edge detection by using an inversion recovery artifact.

An inversion recovery (IR) artifact was used to delineate the blood/wall boundary in left ventricles. The artifact consisted of a hypointensity signal in pixels located at the boundary of two contiguous tissues with different T(1) relaxation times. The feasibility of measuring the ejection fraction using the artifact was tested in ten healthy volunteers, with two IR snapshot-FLASH sequences possessing different times of repetition (TR = 11msec and TR = 3.5msec) and appropriate times of inversion. The comparison with a cine-MRI sequence showed that ejection fraction measurements are feasible when performed with a snapshot-FLASH sequence that has a sufficiently short TR (3.5msec).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Thin-section CT of the lung: influence of 0.5-s gantry rotation and ECG triggering on image quality.

The aim of this study was to determine if ECG triggering and a shorter acquisition time of 0.5-s rotation decrease cardiac motion artifacts of thin-section CT of the lung. In 25 patients referred for thin-section thoracic CT, 1-mm thin-section slices were performed with a scanning time of 0.5 s with ECG gating, 0.5 s and 1 s during the diastolic phase of the heart at five identical anatomical levels from the aortic arch to lung basis. At each anatomical level and for each lung, cardiac motion artifacts were graded independently on a four-point scale by three readers. Patients were divided into two groups according to their heart rate. A four-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences between the three modalities. Mean cardiac motion artifacts scores were rated 1.23+/-0.02, 1.47+/-0.02, and 1.79+/-0.02, at 0.5 s with ECG gating, 0.5 s without ECG gating, and 1 s, respectively (F=139, p<0.0001). At the four anatomical levels below the aortic arch, the left lung scores were greater than the right lung score for the three modalities. For the modality 0.5 s with ECG gating no difference of scores was found between patients grouped according to their cardiac frequency. The 0.5-s gantry rotation with or without ECG gating scans reduces cardiac motion artifacts on pulmonary thin-section CT images and is mainly beneficial for the lower part of the left lung.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Myocardial infarction in a child with an anomalous left coronary artery arising from the right coronary sinus. Value of echocardiography].

An anomalous left coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva with a trajectory between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery is a rare isolated congenital anomaly carrying a high risk of sudden death and of acute myocardial ischaemia, especially in children and young adults in a context of exercise. It is usually a post-mortem finding. The authors report the rare case of a 12 year old child who suffered acute myocardial infarction on exercise due to this condition. The diagnosis was made in the acute phase by echocardiography. Surgical correction was performed as this is the only means of prevention of sudden death of an ischaemic recurrence. Effort syndromes in children or young adults should lead to a request for echocardiographic examination to exclude the diagnosis in a non-invasive manner as well as those of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or congenital aortic stenosis.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Thoracic pathology without apparent radiographic sign: re-interpretation basis].

A chest radiograph may falsely be initially read as being normal or "apparently" normal. The clinical settings where such a false reading may occur are numerous and variable. The most significant situation is the initially missed single pulmonary nodule, with a reported estimated incidence ranging between 30% and 50%. Airway diseases are also typically silent on chest radiographs. The trachea and main bronchi are not well evaluated and some small airways diseases may have very little manifestations, even when advanced. Vascular diseases, when diffuse with bilateral symmetrical hypo- or hyperperfusion, are difficult to detect along with localized but symmetrical vascular disorders and endo- or transthoracic extracardiac shunts. Finally, any disease involving the pleura, pericardium, mediastinum, or lung interstium may be undetectable radiologically at the time of presentation. This paper reviews and illustrates these various diseases and their radiological findings.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Mediastinal sarcoidosis and vascular thrombosis: a fortuitous association?].

A 43-year-old woman presented with a recent history of intermittent dyspnea with wheezing. The chest x-ray evidenced mediastinal nodes. A CT scan showed vascular embolism. Mediastinoscopy was performed and pathology examination of the node confirmed the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The patient responded to corticosteroid and anticoagulation therapy. Is this a fortuitous association? A vascular localization of sarcoidosis? Thrombosis by compression?

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2000

Mediastinal lymphangioma in adults: CT and MR imaging features.

Adult mediastinal lymphangiomas are rare lesions the diagnosis of which is difficult based on imaging studies. A retrospective study of CT, MR, and pathologic findings of mediastinal lymphangioma was performed in order to correlate pathological and imaging findings. Nine cases of adult lymphangiomas were identified in the records of our institution over a 12-year period. The CT, MR, and pathologic findings were reviewed. Lesions were classified pathologically as unilocular, cavernous, and intermediate types. Pathologic examination identified six cases of unilocular lesion, two cases of cavernous type, and one intermediate type. The CT features (n = 9) included a smoothly marginated non-enhancing mass of water attenuation (n = 7), a non-enhancing mass of soft tissue attenuation (n = 1), and an enhancing multiseptated mass (n = 1). Lesions were located in the anterior mediastinum (n = 2), right paratracheal (n = 4), subcarinal (n = 1), aortopulmonic window (n = 1) areas, and below the left hilum extending into the posterior mediastinum (n = 1). The MR features (n = 3) were characterized by an enhancing multicystic and multiseptated appearance, evocative of a cavernous type in two cases. The CT appearance of mediastinal thoracic lymphangioma is variable depending on the pathologic type. The most common unilocular type is a non-enhancing thin-walled mass on CT. A less frequent cavernous type can be suggested based on a multiseptated and loculated mass on CT and/or MR examination.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Functional significance of air trapping detected in moderate asthma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate bronchial and lung abnormalities in patients suffering from moderate asthma as defined by international guidelines, with special attention to air trapping on CT in comparison with that detected in smoking and non-smoking normal subjects. Twenty-two patients classified as moderate asthma and control subjects including healthy volunteers, smokers (n = 10) or non-smokers (n = 12) were prospectively explored by high-resolution CT (HRCT) performed at suspended full inspiration and expiration. The same expiratory protocol was performed 15 min after inhalation of 200 microg of salbutamol. Patients underwent pulmonary function tests within the same week and bronchodilator response was assessed following inhalation of salbutamol. Abnormalities of bronchi and lung parenchyma on inspiratory CT and air trapping on expiratory CT, in dependent and non-dependent areas, were assessed and scored semi-quantitatively by two independent observers. Comparison of score mean values between the different groups was performed using Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation between CT findings and pulmonary function tests were calculated. Mosaic perfusion was observed in 23% of asthmatics. Air-trapping scores were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in non-smoking control subjects (p = 0.003), but not than in smokers. This difference was ascribed to non-dependent zones of the lung for which air-trapping scores were also higher in asthmatic patients (p = 0.003) and in smoking subjects (p = 0.004) than in normal controls. In the asthmatic group, a significant positive correlation was found between airways resistance and bronchial dilatation score (p = 0.01), and between small airways obstruction index and mosaic perfusion score (p = 0.05). In addition, both FEV1 and reversibility of small airways obstruction values correlated with air-trapping score (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007, respectively). No change could be detected in air-trapping score following salbutamol inhalation. Patients suffering from moderate asthma present mosaic perfusion and larger areas of air trapping than normal subjects, particularly in non-dependent areas of the lung. These lung abnormalities are related to small airways obstruction.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 20 mm: results with an automated 20-gauge coaxial cutting needle.

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and the complication rate of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 20 mm in diameter using a 20-gauge coaxial automated biopsy device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken of 200 patients who underwent 202 consecutive biopsies of pulmonary nodules, performed with a single type of automated biopsy device. Sixty-seven biopsies of nodules smaller than 20 mm in diameter were performed in 66 patients (group A). One hundred and thirty-five biopsies of lesions of 20 mm or greater in size were performed in 134 patients (group B). Patient characteristics, lesion and procedure variables, the accuracy and complication rates were compared. RESULTS: In group A, the final diagnosis of the nodules was malignant in 47 and benign in 19 cases (prevalence of malignancy 71. 2%). In group B, there were 111 malignant and 21 benign diagnoses (prevalence of malignancy 82.2%). In group A, the sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of malignancy were 89.5 and 100%, respectively (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 76%). A specific diagnosis of benignity was obtained in nine out of 19 (47%) biopsies. The pneumothorax rate was 15% (10 patients) of which two (3%) required drainage. CT signs thought to reflect alveolar haemorrhage were noted in 28 (43%) and haemoptysis occurred in five patients (5.9%). In group B, the sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of malignancy were 95.5% and 100%, respectively (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 82.7%). A specific diagnosis of benignity was made in 14 cases (58.3%). Complications included pneumothoraces in 22 cases (16.2%) requiring drainage in one (0.7%). Presumed alveolar haemorrhage was recorded in 19 cases (14.1%) and haemoptysis occurred in seven (5. 2%). There were no significant differences between group A and group B, except for alveolar haemorrhage (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The accuracy and complication rate of percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of nodules smaller than 20 mm, performed using an automated 20-gauge coaxial biopsy device, are comparable to those for larger lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pulmonary embolism revealed on helical CT angiography: comparison with ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning.

OBJECTIVE: We compared helical CT angiography and ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning as initial tests in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred sixteen consecutive patients who were clinically suspected of having acute pulmonary embolism underwent helical CT angiography, ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning, and Doppler sonography of the veins of the legs. On the basis of concordance of the results for ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning and helical CT angiography and on the degree of clinical suspicion, certain patients underwent pulmonary angiography. Patients without pulmonary embolism at initial evaluation in whom no treatment was instituted were followed up for at least 3 months to determine the potential recurrence of thromboembolic disease. RESULTS: Of the 216 patients, 37 (17%) were excluded because of insufficient data to assess the initial event. Final diagnosis for the 179 remaining patients was pulmonary embolism in 68 (37.9%) and no pulmonary embolism in 111 (62.0%), based on pulmonary angiography in 23 patients (12.8%) and concordant imaging findings and outcome in the remaining patients. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for helical CT angiography and ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning (94.1% versus 80.8%; 93.6% versus 73.8%; 95.5% versus 82%; and 96.2% versus 75.9%, respectively). Interobserver agreement was excellent for helical CT angiography (kappa = 0.72) and moderate for ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning (kappa = 0.22). CONCLUSION: Helical CT angiography could replace ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning as the initial test for screening patients who are clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Hematoma of the aortic wall: from diagnosis to treatment].

Haematoma of the thoracic aortic wall is a relatively new concept, the physiopathology of which remains controversial. It results from an haemorrhage of the aortic wall due to rupture of the vasa-vasorum without communication with the arterial lumen. This is a diagnosis of elimination of dissection of the aorta which has been made possible by modern techniques of imaging, such as transoesophageal echocardiography, helicoidal scanner and magnetic nuclear resonance imaging. The prognosis of haematoma of the aortic wall is not as bad as that of dissection of the aorta. Recent studies have shown that the condition may stabilise, regress or progress towards complications of two types: early, dissection or fissuration of the aorta, and late, aortic aneurysm. This is a medico-surgical emergency, the treatment of which is not well codified. However, schematically, haematoma of the aortic wall should be managed in the same way as dissection of the aorta: surgery when the ascending aorta is affected, medical treatment in other cases in the absence of complications.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed2000

[Air trapping revealing endobronchial tuberculosis].

We report a case of endobronchial tuberculosis located in the main left bronchus suspected on a CT scan and assessed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. This localisation is not unusual, and is often associated with a normal chest radiography. Air trapping present on high resolution CT scan led to focus the examination on proximal airways and to suspect their involvement. This observation underlines the value of expiratory CT scan in demonstrating proximal stenosis of main bronchi.

Adult↗