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Biomedical subjects

V Lazzell

Publications and source records attributed to V Lazzell.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Secretory antibody following oral influenza immunization.

Secretory IgA antibody may be important in protection against respiratory viral infections, and the concept of a common mucosal immune system offers the theoretical basis for the convenient stimulation of this antibody. Therefore, the oral route was compared with intramuscular injection in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in young healthy volunteers. A killed influenza vaccine, given in enteric-coated capsules (total of 98 ug hemagglutinin of A/Bangkok) led to significant salivary and nasal IgA antibody rises in a 4-week period. The preimmunization titers in secretions were inversely correlated with the antibody rise after immunization. The orally administered vaccine was associated with no more side effects than placebo, in contradistinction to reactions following the intramuscular route. The latter route also was without significant effect in regard to a stimulation of secretory antibodies. The observed simultaneous induction of antibodies in saliva and nasal secretions following oral administration of killed vaccine gives further evidence of a common mucosal immune system and its possible clinical use.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Immunization against influenza in humans using an oral enteric-coated killed virus vaccine.

By ingestion of subunit-killed influenza virus vaccine in the form of enteric-coated capsules, local synthesis of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody was stimulated in human nasal secretions. A fairly equal antibody response initiated by oral and intramuscular administration was demonstrated in the nasal secretions, although a systemic immune response was not elicited from ingestion of the vaccine. If the secretory antibody response resulted from absorption of antigen and transport to the respiratory mucosa, systemic (serum) antibody would be expected. Therefore these findings support the hypothesis that specialized collections of lymphoid cells in the small intestines have IgA precursor cells which circulate and populate distant mucosal sites. A number of studies have suggested that protection against mucosal infection by a variety of respiratory viruses correlates better with the presence and level of sIgA antibody than with serum antibody. The orally administered vaccine was associated with no more side effects than placebo, in contradistinction to the intramuscular route. Thus, the oral method of influenza vaccination could prove to be superior in providing for immunological protection due to equal secretory antibody stimulation, improved convenience and less toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Oral route as method for immunizing against mucosal pathogens.

In the past three decades significant strides have been made in attempts at nonparenteral immunization. Appreciation of the importance of secretory immunity led to attempts to stimulate antibody production locally. The vaccines developed against respiratory pathogens as a result of this new knowledge have many practical limitations, such as the need for highly trained personnel, expensive equipment, very cooperative recipients for intranasal or aerosol administration, and a vaccine that is both adequately attenuated, immunogenic, and stable during storage. With recognition of the presence of a common mucosal defense system, new approaches to vaccine development have become possible. Oral immunization, by stimulating GALT, presents a promising approach for protecting many secretory surfaces against a variety of infectious agents. Recently, emphasis has been placed on developing an oral vaccine against S. mutans. McGhee et al. have demonstrated antibody to S. mutans in saliva and tears following oral ingestion of that antigen, without a rise in serum antibody, in both humans and rats. The rats were afforded protection from caries after rechallenge with both the original and cross-reacting serotypes of S. mutans. Similar results have recently been seen with viral antigens. Mice have been shown to have significant protection against influenza infection following oral immunization. And in a pilot study with human volunteers, the secretory antibody response in nasal washes was similar following either oral or parenteral vaccination. Oral immunization may prove to be far superior to parenteral vaccination against a variety of pathogens, because of fewer side effects and greater ease in vaccine preparation and administration.

Administration, Oral↗