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Biomedical subjects

V Lopez-Majano

Publications and source records attributed to V Lopez-Majano.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Airway function in sarcoidosis: smokers versus nonsmokers.

Pulmonary function was measured in 24 sarcoidosis patients, 17 nonsmokers and 7 smokers. 12 (4 smokers) had evidence of small airway disease and 6 patients (3 smokers) had evidence of large airway disease. A significantly greater proportion of smokers had an increased closing volume, and closing volume appears to be the most sensitive test for small airway disease in sarcoidosis. However, 3 patients with normal closing volumes had evidence of small airway disease by forced expiratory flow rates or frequency dependence of compliance. We conclude that there is a high incidence of small airway disease in patients with sarcoidosis. There also appears to be a synergism between sarcoidosis and smoking that leads to a significant degree of hyperinflation of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bone scintigraphy in drug addiction.

In 22 drug addicts, the clinical diagnosis of osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis was suspected because of symptoms of sepsis and pain in various locations. All patients underwent bone scintigraphy with 17-20 mCi of 99mTc labeling either pyrophosphate or methylene diphosphonate. Whole body and spot scans located the area of disease in most patients. This permitted biopsy of the affected area when the pathogen recurs. One of the two patients whose scintigrams were normal was on adequate treatment before the bone scintigram and the other was on oxacillin. Radiographs of the affected areas were normal, which indicates bone scintigraphy should be preferred to radiography in the early diagnosis of osseous infections.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1981

14CO2 in breath.

The diagnosis of metabolic disorders can be made by detecting 14CO2 in the breath. This is possible because 14CO2 can label any organic compound without any deteriorations in the nature of the compound. This type of analysis is dependable, noninvasive and simple to perform with a scintillation counter.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1981

Airway function in sarcoidosis: effect of short-term steroid therapy.

13 previously untreated patients suffering from early pulmonary sarcoidosis (stages II and III) were studied radiologically and physiologically after 4 months of corticosteroid treatment. The results of airway function studies before and after corticosteroid treatment were compatible with small airway disease that did not improve after treatment. Before steroids, the main abnormalities were decreased diffusion and compliance, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, and the presence of frequency-dependent compliance. After steroids, significant improvement was found in diffusion and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, but compliance as well as frequency-dependent compliance did not improve.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Radionuclide angiocardiography in tricuspid atresia.

In two cases of tricuspid atresia and one of severe tricuspid stenosis the Glenn and Fontan operation was performed. These patients were evaluated post-operatively by studying the distribution of the ventilation with Xe-133 on a gamma camera; the pulmonary circulation was evaluated by injection through antecubital and pedal veins of TC99mMAA and angiography was performed by "in vivo" tagging of red blood cells with TC99m04 preceded by the administration of stannous pyrophosphate. The scintigraphic findings in two cases consisted of decreased ventilation of the left lung and grossly normal perfusion of both lungs. In one case there was abundant collateral because of partial occlusion of the anastomosis between the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery. The patients also had angiocardiography with contrast medium; the correlation between the scintigraphic and angiocardiographic findings was excellent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Neoplasm localization with radionuclides.

Tumor scintigraphic localization of neoplasms can be done in two ways: indirectly and directly. The first method shows alternations of the normal structure of the organ, such as "cold lesions" in liver and thyroid. Abnormalities in function as increased permeability of the blood barrier results from abnormal deposition of the radionuclide in the brain scintigram of a patient with neoplasm. Increased focal areas of uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides are very characteristic of metastases. The direct methods depend on preferential uptake of the radionuclide by the neoplastic tissue resulting from altered metabolism (e.g. Se-75). Other agents such as Gallium-67 have affinity for neoplasms. Another approach is to use antineoplastic agents and radioactive antibodies which will localize in the tumor. At this stage the most useful neoplasm seeking agents are Gallium-67 citrate and 111In-Bleomycin, even though infections can give false positives. The possibility should be considered of enhancing the uptake of radionuclides by neoplastic cells using increased O2 concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Size of arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog femoral circulation.

Radioactive plastic microspheres 50 and 200 micra in diameter labeled with Ytterbium169 were used to study distribution in the femoral circulation of living dogs under general anaesthesia. Shunting was demonstrated because radioactivity was detected in the lungs after intraarterial injection of 50 micra microspheres. When the size of the microspheres injected was 200 micra no radioactivity was detected over the lungs. This indicates that the arteriovenous anastomoses are smaller than 200 micra, they are probably located in the skin because there was less radioactivity in the skin after intrafemoral injection of the 50 micra microspheres than when the injected microspheres were 200 micra in diameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Indications for pulmonary function testing.

Pulmonary function testing is needed to determine the pathophysiology present in the patient with cardiopulmonary disease. Blood gases and pH should be obtained during emergency situations and during cranial, thoracic, and extensive cervical or abdominal surgery. Lung function tests can be divided in global such as spirometry and diffusing capacity which study the ventilation and transfer of gases and regional determinations of ventilation and perfusion. Both types of tests complement each other and should be used together. The spirometry should consist at least of determination of the vital capacity and is determined in the first second to ascertain if there is obstructive lung disease. Some tests such as flow-volume curves, alveolar-arterial gradients and closing volume are very useful to detect early pulmonary disease before any symptoms or findings are present. This is probably one of the most important medical indications for pulmonary function testing. Before certain types of surgery pulmonary function testing is indicated; if the spirometry and diffusing capacity tests are normal, there is no pulmonary contraindication for the planned surgery. In chest surgery if there is significant compromise of the spirometry and diffusing capacity regional lung function tests are indicated to study the pathophysiology at regional level, thus trying to circumscribe the lung resection to the diseased areas.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Incidence of pulmonary embolism.

During the last 5 years in a community hospital of 219 beds, the most common cause of death (primary and secondary or contributory) was pulmonary embolus. In the US fatal pulmonary emboli occur in 5 patients for 1,000 inpatients, nonfatal pulmonary embolism in 20 patients per 1,000 inpatients, about 142,000 patients suffer fatal pulmonary emboli and 568,000 suffer nonfatal pulmonary emboli each year. In 422 autopsies 93 patients (21%) have pulmonary emboli undiagnosed during the patient's life time. In comparing with other statistical studies, about 21% represent the death rate of patients treated for pulmonary emboli if the diagnosis is previously made. On the basis of this observation the incidence of pulmonary emboli and thrombosis of the lower limbs appears to be about the same in community and the university hospitals, disregarding if the patients are having the highly skill care or are treated by the general practitioner without the sophistication of expensive technology.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Incidence of pulmonary embolism in deep venous thrombosis.

Abnormal radionuclide phlebograms were found in 65 patients in whom simultaneous-perfusion lung scintigrams and phlebograms were performed. All these patients were on adequate treatment with heparin for deep venous thrombosis. In 28% of the cases, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made because they had abnormal perfusion lung scans with normal chest radiograph and clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism.

Adolescent↗