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Biomedical subjects

V Lynch

Publications and source records attributed to V Lynch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Completing tuberculosis prophylaxis in jail: targeting treatment and comparison of rifampin/pyrazinamide with isoniazid regimens.

SETTING: A county jail. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection and the impact on treatment completion of the 2-month rifampin and pyrazinamide regimen as compared to the traditional 6- to 12-month isoniazid regimen among persons incarcerated at a county correctional facility. DESIGN: Retrospective review of tuberculosis records from January 1998 to December 2000. RESULTS: Of 2127 inmates who were tuberculin skin test positive, 146 were started on treatment. This was generally limited to those expected to remain incarcerated long enough to complete the course of treatment. Completion rates were 88% (67/76) for the 2-month and 74% (51/69) for the 6- to 12-month courses (P = 0.03), and 82% overall. The two regimens were similarly tolerated, but inmates on isoniazid were more likely to be released (despite longer projected incarceration) and not complete treatment once in the community. Thirty-seven per cent of persons for whom treatment was not indicated by the previous guidelines should have had treatment by the new guidelines. CONCLUSION: The 2-month rifampin/pyrazinamide regimen had a higher completion rate than the longer isoniazid regimen, without additional toxicity, and allowed more patients to be treated. Latent tuberculosis treatment targeted to those able to complete the regimen in jail yields high completion rates.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2001

Intramolecular cyclopropanation of glycals: studies toward the synthesis of canadensolide, sporothriolide, and xylobovide.

[reaction: see text] The first examples of copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanations of glycal-derived diazoacetates are reported. The new cyclopropanes are converted into advanced intermediates for the synthesis of bislactone natural products. Synthetic highlights include the selective monodeprotection of a di-tert-butylsilylene ether and a zinc-mediated ring opening cascade reaction.

Catalysis↗
PubMed2001

pK(a) values and geometries of secondary and tertiary amines complexed to boronic acids-implications for sensor design.

[structure in text] The pK(a) values and the geometries of secondary and tertiary amines adjacent to boronic acids were determined using potentiometric and (11)B NMR titrations. The studies showed that the secondary ammonium ion has a pK(a) similar to that of the tertiary ammonium species, which leads to the formation of tetrahedral boron centers at pH values above approximately 5.5. Therefore, secondary amines as well as tertiary amines, when placed proximal to boron centers, can be used to create tetrahedral boronic acids at neutral pH for diol complexation.

Amines↗
PubMed2000

Novel synthesis of hybrid calixphyrin macrocycles

The reaction of benzaldehyde with excess pyrrole at room temperature in the absence of solvent affords a mixture of meso-substituted polypyrranes species. After separation by column chromatography, these may be used to prepare a range of calix[4]phyrin macrocycles by condensation with acetone under conditions of acid catalysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Video assisted thoracoscopic bullectomy and acromycin pleurodesis: an effective treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax.

The introduction of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has led to the development of several endoscopic options for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. We describe here our experience in the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). We carried out 58 VATS procedures on 55 patients during the period 1993-95. There were six conversions to open thoracotomy because of dense adhesions in five patients and a large apical bulla of 20 cm in one. These patients were excluded from the study. The remaining 49 patients underwent 52 VATS procedures. There were 37 males and 12 females with a median age of 23 (range: 15-71) years. The indications for surgery were persistent SP for more than 5 days in 21 (40%), and recurrent SP in 31 (60%). Twenty-six procedures (25 patients) consisted of bullectomy alone (group 1; 1/1/93-30/9/94) and the next 26 procedures (24 patients) included chemical pleurodesis with 2 g of Acromycin (Lederle) in 10 ml of 0.9 normal saline (group 2; 1/10/94-31/12/95). Both groups had a mean follow up of 38 months (range: 36-40). Mean postoperative chest drainage in group 2 (3.1 +/- 1.09) was significantly shorter than in group 1 (4.7 +/- 1.0). Group 2 patients also had a shorter hospital stay (4.8 /- 1.08 vs. 6.76 +/- 1.09). There were five (20%) recurrences in group 1 while only one (4%) occurred in group 2. In view of these results we recommend the routine use of Acromycin pleurodesis in addition to thoracoscopic bullectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Calixphyrins: Novel Macrocycles at the Intersection between Porphyrins and Calixpyrroles This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (CA-68682, GM-58907, and TW-00682 to J.L.S.), the National Science Foundation (CHE-9725399 to J.L.S. and CHE-9807702 to V.L. for the purchase of the Nonius Kappa CCD), the Howard Hughes Foundation (V.K. and J.L.S.), the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (No. 203/97/1099 to V.K.), the Ministry of Education (No. VS-97135 and Project CEZ: J19/98: 223400008 to V.K.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (74195-541101 to V.K.).

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

New chemotherapy combinations with docetaxel in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

The modest antitumor activity and clinical benefit of conventional platinum-containing multidrug regimens in locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer have provided the impetus for the development of novel combinations. The promising single-agent activity of docetaxel makes it an obvious candidate for incorporation into active programs. The Irish Clinical Oncology Research Group is conducting a phase I-II evaluation of a three-drug combination of docetaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin with lenograstim support in patients with stages III-IV non-small cell lung cancer. Preliminary results indicate that the regimen is feasible and tolerable up to a maximum tolerated dose level of 3,000 mg/m2 ifosfamide, 75 mg/m2 cisplatin, and 75 mg/ m2 docetaxel. The regimen appears to be quite active, with nine of 12 evaluable patients responding in the phase I component of the trial. This dose level is currently being explored in a phase II trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Forensic nursing.

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Career Choice↗
PubMed1992

Cytogenetic comparison of two poorly differentiated human lung squamous cell carcinoma lines.

This paper presents a cytogenetic analysis of two established but early-passage (passages 5 and 18) cell lines derived from histologically similar, poorly differentiated lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The cell lines showed 3 shared marker chromosomes, del(1)(q11), del(2)(p11.1) and del(2)(q11.1). One of the lines (DLKP) had 8 additional markers including structural rearrangements such as translocations and isochromosomes. Five additional markers (including two deletions of chromosome 3) were found in DLRP. A notable feature of DLRP was the high incidence of telomeric association evident in the majority of metaphase plates. Over-representation of chromosome 7 was a characteristic feature of metaphases derived from DLKP, and identification of i(21q) in this cell line was an unusual finding. The results indicate significant cytogenetic heterogeneity between these early-passage cell lines derived from two apparently histologically similar tumors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Cytological differences between normal and malignant human cell populations in culture.

Cells from early-passage cultures of normal and malignant human tissues were analyzed for the presence of multiple nucleoli and tri- or multipolar mitoses; these properties are characteristic of malignant cell populations in tissue sections. For the cell types examined the presence of tri- or multipolar mitoses was characteristic of cells of malignant origin. Within epithelial cell populations, cells containing more than 4 nucleoli were found in populations of malignant but not of normal origin; this distinction did not apply to fibroblast populations. Large numbers of cells must be analyzed quantitatively to establish the distinctions described here, since they are properties characteristic of populations, not of individual cells. This approach may facilitate identification of normal and malignant cell populations in primary and early-passage culture.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1990

Retrotracheal goiter: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem.

A patient with chronic cough and recent dysphagia was found to have a retrotracheal mass extending into the visceral mediastinum on chest roentgenogram. A computed tomographic scan confirmed a retrotracheal lesion, which was believed to be of lymphatic origin. A thyroid scan demonstrated downward displacement of the left lobe but little uptake in the mass. Histological findings of mediastinal biopsies were inconclusive. A large retrotracheal thyroid adenoma was easily excised through a right thoracotomy. The approach to diagnosis and, in cases of doubt, the safety of surgical access through thoracotomy for thyroid lesions in this unusual site is discussed.

Adenoma↗