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Biomedical subjects

V M Kuznetsov

Publications and source records attributed to V M Kuznetsov.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[A method for modelling obstructive and nonobstructive hydroureteronephrosis (experimental research)].

An experimental model of the upper urinary tract obstruction by means of cryosurgical liquid nitrogen destruction of an ureteral part has been created. The rabbit models provided obstructive ureterohydronephrosis in 100% of the animals, 56% of the dogs developed ureteral stricture in line with urodynamic alterations, the rest 44% had symptoms of nonobstructive ureterohydronephrosis as shown by excretory urography and dynamic nephroscintigraphy. One--three months after the destruction in dogs there were shifts in the intra-ureteral pressure and bioelectric activity, contractility of the fragments. The histological examination of the sections revealed necrosis at the destroyed site in the early postexposure period (2 weeks) followed by sclerosis and circulatory disturbances later on (3 months). The technique is simple, feasible in all laboratory animal species, highly reproducible.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The reasons for the inefficiency of local kidney hypothermia during the temporary discontinuation of their blood supply].

Functional changes in the kidney exposed to 1-hour ischemia with surface cooling to +5+7 degrees C (series I) or +16+18 degrees C (series II) were studied in experiments on 50 rabbits and 20 non-inbred rats. In series II animals significant changes in renal function were not registered. In series I cooling there was a marked decrease of creatinine clearance, clearance of osmotic substances and Na-reabsorption during 1-3 days after ischemia. Dynamic scintigraphy with 131I-hyppuran revealed a decline in radionuclide secretion in series I that was more pronounced on day 14. In series II the time course of accumulation and excretion of 131I-hyppuran was almost normal. The worsening of renal function in series I experiments was accompanied with reduction of renal blood flow and activation of cell membrane lipid peroxidation. The investigation of the dependence of renal tissue impedance on the temperature that reflects thermotropic response of cell membrane structural organization showed phasic transitions of membrane lipids at the temperature below +13+14 degrees C. The findings indicate that for prolonged discontinuation of renal blood flow demanding deep kidney cooling, it is necessary to develop specific measures of protection against detrimental action of hypothermia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cohen's operation in the treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

The present study is a review of the results of Cohen's operation performed on 43 ureters in 32 children. Treatment results were assessed through the comparison of cystographic and 131I-hippuran renographic findings obtained before and after surgery. Urodynamic recovery in the affected ureter was demonstrated in all children. One year after surgery, there was no improvement in the activity of the resected kidney in 37% of patients. In the remaining patients, secretion improved by 10-13% in the affected kidney. Seventeen children returned for follow-up examination 2 years after surgery. The activity of the affected kidney and the contralateral one improved in 13 of 17 patients. There was no upper urinary retention due to ureteral stricture in any of the children. The rate of recurrent vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) was 5.3%. Augmentation or persistence of purification deficiency in the affected kidney, detected in 12 patients at first postoperative follow-up, was qualified as a result of aggravated chronic pyelonephritis rather than that of surgical complications related to methodologic specifics. This assumption was verified by the results of the next follow-up examination 2 years after surgery. Therefore, Cohen's method can be recommended for large-scale application in the treatment of VUR in children and is expected to essentially reduce the rate of relapses and improve the standards of surgical care of children with this grave disease.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The early stages of chronic kidney failure in children with congenital obstructive uropathies and results of surgical treatment].

Ninety-six children, aged 4 to 14, with congenital obstructive uropathies were subjected to 131I-hippuran renography, followed by mathematical processing of renographic curves, the measurement of blood mean molecular levels, and blood and urinary immunochemical tests before, and 1 month as well as 1 year after surgery. Intraoperative renal biopsy was taken from 20 patients with unilateral hydronephrosis. Latent chronic renal failure (CRF) was identified where a deficiency of total renal clearance of 131I-hippuran (20 to 56%) was combined with a rise in blood mean molecules from 0.3 to 0.41 conventional units at 254 nm. Latent CRF was detected in 40 of 64 children with unilateral uropathy and in all 32 patients with bilateral uropathy. In patients with unilateral hydronephrosis, the presence of CRF was unrelated to the morphological pattern of pyelonephritis in the affected kidney. Children with latent CRF showed high levels of urinary IgG and albumin and blood mean molecules. One year after the operation, renal function improved in patients whose contralateral kidney had no secretory deficiency. One year after surgery, renal reabsorption mechanisms tended to recover in CRF-free patients only. The clinical pattern of latent CRF and its elimination following surgery were unrelated to roentgenologic markedness of hydronephrosis and VUR, but were dependent on the recovery of compensatory mechanisms in the contralateral kidney. By the end of the first postoperative year, latent CRF was diagnosed in 31% of children with unilateral hydronephrosis (as compared to the preoperative 68%), 43% (vs. the preoperative 60%) of children with unilateral VUR, and in 44% (vs. the preoperative 50%) of patients with unilateral neuromuscular ureteral dysplasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acupuncture in the combined treatment of pyelonephritis].

In the treatment of pyelonephritis which continues to cause problems in practical uronephrology, the main efforts of the clinicians are now directed at enhancement of the patients resistance, improvement of renal blood flow and urodynamics. Acupuncture (AP) is thought capable to meet the above requirements. It was used in combined treatment of 102 pyelonephritis cases (51 with acute and 51 with chronic manifestations) showing intact renal function. According to radionuclide renography, a positive trend in the secretion and urodynamics of the upper urinary tract was demonstrable in 50% of the patients. Dynamic nephroscintigraphy reported a positive response in 60% of cases versus 25% in those treated without AP. AP promotion of earlier recovery or remission, reduction of the scope of chemotherapy, good short- and long-term response permit this modality to be recommended for application in urological and nephrological practice.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydronephrosis in children].

The authors followed up 125 children with hydronephrosis aged 4-15. The diagnosis was based on ultrasound, radiological, x-ray, pelvic electromyography. Vitaiker's test findings. Postoperative follow-up covered 91 patients and lasted 1-5 years. Histological evidence provided data on 3 types of changes in the ureteropelvic segment. This necessitates not only Andersen-Hynes operation, but also graft plastic surgery contraindicated in the small-size segment, in extended stricture of the small-diameter segment, in existence of an accessory vessel, in the segment thin wall. Poor surgical outcomes were often the result of renal functional failure. In patients with renal functional loss up to 25% positive results were achieved in 91.1% of the cases, in the loss 26-50% in 81.8% of the patients, in the loss 51-75% in 79%, in that 75-100% in 61.5% of those surgically treated.

Adolescent↗