Renal function, the anatomic and functional status of the vena cava inferior, renal arteries and veins, and spermatic veins were evaluated in healthy individuals and patients with varicocele before and 12 months after laparoscopic ligation of the left spermatic vein. The renal vessels were assessed by color Doppler ultrasonography and renal function was examined by complex radionuclide study with 99mTc-pentatech. There were no significant changes in the diameter of renal arteries and vena cava inferior and the right arterial blood flow velocities in healthy individuals and patients. No difference were found in the diameter of renal veins and in the blood flow velocity in renal arteries and veins. The enlarged renal veins and decreased mean blood flow velocity in the left renal vein in healthy persons and patients with varicocele and lower blood flow in the left renal artery than in the right one indicate left-sided renal hypertension that is attributable to left renal vein overload due to a great variety of collaterals and to compression at the site of "a forcepts". At the same time 12-month postoperative ultrasonic, Doppler and complex radionuclide studies revealed no significant changes in the diameter and blood flow velocity in the left renal vein.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

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[Algorithms of x-ray and ultrasonic diagnoses in urology].

Roentgenourologic methods and ultrasonic scanning (USS) should be combined in the radiologic diagnosis of urologic diseases. USS should be the first stage of examinations of urologic patients, and its results should be taken into account when planning and carrying out excretory urography. USS can be repeated before more sophisticated roentgenourologic examinations in order to single out the "zones of interest"; special programmes are possible for the purpose-pharmacoechography, dopplerography, etc. Development of tentative algorithms of x-ray and ultrasonic diagnosis of the major urologic diseases will help optimize the diagnostic process.

Algorithms↗

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[Transabdominal and transurethral scanning in the diagnosis of the bladder cancer stage].

Diagnostic potential in staging cancer of the urinary bladder was evaluated in 54 relevant patients aged 37-74 for transabdominal versus transurethral ultrasound scanning. In transabdominal scanning stages T2 and T3 cannot be distinguished separately, stage T1 was recognized definitely in 66.6%, T2-T3 in 65.6%, T4 in 70% of cases. Transurethral scanning appeared valid in staging T1 in 91.6%, T2 in 88.8%, T3 in 92.8%, T4 in 90% of cases. Histological studies in 54 patients showed that transurethral scanning can provide accurate results in staging cancer of the urinary bladder in 90.7% of cases. The findings support clinical value of the method as highly informative in staging cancer of the bladder. Basing on both transabdominal and transurethral scanning, ultrasound picture for each stage of the cancer was characterized.

Abdomen↗

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[Clinico-roentgenologic characteristics of postoperative osteitis of the pubic bones].

The paper is concerned with clinicoroentgenological analysis of postoperative osteitis of the pubic bones (OPB) in 29 patients with urological diseases. The development of OPB follows operative complications, mainly of pyoinflammatory type. Clinically OPB develops as a pyoinfectious process. X-ray signs present a picture of inert osteomyelitis of the pelvic bones, caused by low virulent urinary infection. Its characteristic feature is superficial spreading of osseous destruction to a large extent with the affection of the adjacent of the pelvic joints. The probable routes of infection dissemination are venous (in injury of the pelvic plexus veins) and by continuity (as a result of urinary pelvic cellulitis).

Cystectomy↗

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[Differential x-ray and ultrasonic diagnosis of filling defects of the calyceal-pelvic systems of the kidneys].

The order of radio- and ultrasound diagnosis in the filling defects of the renal calyceal-pelvic systems, resulting from radionegative concrements, "vascular imprints", papillary tumors, and renal tumors affecting the calyceal-pelvic system, should be as follows: excretory urography, ultrasound scanning of the kidneys, retrograde pyelography with a double contrast study (a patient in a vertical posture), and angiography. Reliable diagnostic information obtained at the 1st or 2nd stages of investigation, permits the use of less invasive methods like excretory urography and ultrasound scanning. Retrograde pyelography with a double contrast study is recommended in a suspected pelvic papillary tumor. Angiography is indicated for suspected pathological vascular changes and for a planned operation.

Adult↗

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