Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V M Petrenko.
The review examines the history and the current state of the problem of structural bases of active lymph drainage from organs in human and mammalian animals. Two conceptions of lymphangion structure are compared that represent it as either valvular or intervalvular segments of lymphatic vessel functioning as active lymph drainage organizers.
Sixty-six patients with new-onset destructive pulmonary tuberculosis isolating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) received short-term controlled treatment (DOTS) and 117 patients were given individual treatment regimens. DOTS treatment could be effectively completed in 19.7% of the patients, but following 2 months the factors that forced individual treatment regimens to be used occurred in 80.3%. The efficacy of individual treatment regimens proved to be much higher than that of DOTS. The relationship of the efficiency of treatment to the intensity of chemotherapy, the number and sizes of caverns was studied in 250 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It has been found that it is expedient to use a quadruple-combination therapy only in patients with small and middle-sized (less than 4 cm in diameter) solitary caverns in the lungs. Patients with multiple and large caverns should be given at least 5 antituberculous drugs from the beginning of the basic course of therapy.
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The aim of this research was to determine the number, structure and position of valves along the whole length of thoracic duct in man and albino rat. The study was performed using the material obtained from 30 human corpses of men and women aged 17 to 60 years with no history of cardiovascular pathology and from 60 outbred albino rats of both sexes aged 5 to 12 months. Material was fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Anterior wall of thoracic duct was longitudinally dissected. Thoracic duct of 30 rats was stained with gallocyanin-chrome alum, in the remaining animals it was studied after its injection with blue Gerota's mass. In most cases, the valves consisted of two semilunar cusps. Thoracic duct was found to contain on the average 14.7+/-0.2 valves in man and 11.9+/-0.2 valves in rat. Most of all valves were found in the upper (anterior) 1/3 of the thoracic duct, least--in its middle part. This seems to be determined by anatomo-topographic features of the different parts of thoracic duct.
This investigation was aimed at the evaluation of the shape and myoarchitectonic of of lymphangions in the uterine broad ligament in humans and albino rats. The lymphangion length and width was evaluated with further lymphangion volume determination, and number of myocytes in the muscular cuff was counted in the preparations containing 100 collector lymphatics obtained from 30 women aged 25-40 years and in 100 similar vessels taken from female albino rats. Most of lymphangions in the uterine broad ligament were found to have ellipsoid shape. In the rat, the lymphangions are longer and narrower with lesser volume and myocyte content in the muscular cuff, than those in humans. Short and round lymphangions with more transverse orientation of myocytes are often present close to ovary. In the angle between the uterus and the uterine tube (uterine horn in rat), single large lymphangions of collector or collector-distributive types with many processes are found. The correlation between uterine broad ligament lymphangion shape, structure and myoarchitectonic of their muscular cuffs with their location and relative width was observed.
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Retardation of development of the structures of mesenteric lymph nodes (maximum at first 1-2 wks) was discovered in rats treated with indometacin. It was dependent on the doze of preparations. Mast cells and eosinophilic reactions associated with normalization of the stroma structure and functional activity of lymph nodes nerve structures took place in the lymph node substance as adaptive processes on the background of lymphocytopenia and incomplete development of the lymph node B zone by weeks 2-3.
Peculiarities of construction of muscular coat of lymphatics of human legs (long, polylymphangion muscular bands, longitudinally oriented, localized in deep layers of lymphatics walls and forming branches into adjacent valves of lymphangions) are the base for grouped contractions of lymphangions in them. Predominance of these muscular fascicles in muscular coat of lymphatics of thigh provide combined action of group of adjacent lymphangions versus gravitation force in the walking man.
Definitive obturatory artery forms as a result of uneven growth of anastomosis of external and internal iliac arteries which is connected with peculiarities of regional organogenesis. 2 crucial periods--renal--and the period of gonade obstruction (the end of intrauterine development) were distinguished in morphogenesis of pubic anastomosis of iliac arteries. Sex related peculiarities of obturatory artery development were found in the second period.
In embryogenesis initial region of thoracic duct and its roots is formed in rat at later stages than in man. Their morphogenesis and topography and small number of lumbar lymph nodes correlate with species-specific peculiarities of organogenesis in rat.
Postcapillary venules with high endotheliocytes as paths of lymphocyte migration differentiate in corticomedullary zone of thymus in human 4-5 months old foetuses. Development of postcapillary venules from blood capillaries is closely associated with zonal differentiation of the organ substance and intensification of lymphocyte recirculation in the fetal immune system.
The roots of the vena cava inferior are formed during the 2nd month of human embryogenesis in the course of transformation of posterior caudal veins and their tributaries, including anastomoses with umbilical veins, which is associated with the growth of pelvic kidney and lower extremities. The roots and initial part of vena cava inferior originate from secondary cardinal veins, primarily from sacrocardinal anastomosis and sacrocardinal veins proximal regions.
Since its anlage lymph node forms as a functional anastomosis between lymph and blood vessels. They make a complex with intimate anatomotopographic interrelations and their branches--an interconnected system, within which intervascular connective tissue transforms into lymphoid one. Interstitial canals networks may play a role of connecting "bridges" during lymphatic sinuses and blood microvessels unification with lymphoid tissue into a specific functional complex of counterflow system (arteries/veins--lymphatic vessels). On this basis histo- and morphogenesis of lymph node as a part of lymphatic bed occur. Lymph node uneven growth due to their depositing and resorptive function development allows to explain peculiarities of central lymph flow in human embryos.
In human fetuses lymphangion development is a combined process of morpho- and histogenesis guided by lymph flow. Its peculiarities determine unevenness of growth and differentiation of lymphatic vessels in longitudinal and circular orientation, successive formation of valves, muscular cuffs and tensors and muscular coat between external and subendothelial layers.
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The authors investigated the clinical and biochemical efficacy of millimeter-wave resonance therapy in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis associated with different concomitant diseases. It was established that inclusion of millimeter-wave resonance therapy in the complex treatment of this patient category favoured the efficacy of tuberculosis treatment. The treatment produced also a favourable effect on concomitant diseases.
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