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Biomedical subjects

V M Shklovskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to V M Shklovskiĭ.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Conception of neurorehabilitation in post-stroke patients].

Based on the long research and practical experience of specialized neurorehabilitation service study in different Moscow and Russian regions, the article presents the conception of post-stroke patient's neurorehabilitation. Heading by the Federal Scientific Speech Pathology and Neurorehabilitation Center, Health Care Ministry RF and Moscow Institute of Psychiatry, 108 clinico-rehabilitation settings (emergency clinics for neurosurgery and cerebrovascular pathology, to home care, and rehabilitation daily in-patient clinics and specialized units of municipal out-patients clinics) provide a specialized care in Moscow. The methodological approaches to rehabilitation of patients with the consequences of focal brain lesions have been specified. The particular attention was focused on a neurorehabilitation of the patients with dominant hemisphere lesion with higher mental and movement functions disturbances. The significance of mental and social factors in the pathogenesis of these disorders was highlighted. A system of patient's neurorehabilitation and principles of service organization in different disease stages are presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of stuttering].

A complex study including neurologic, psychologic, neurophysiologic and EEG investigation of 33 stutter patients was performed to determine pathogenetic mechanisms of stutter. All clinical data obtained were presented by means of structural schemes based on topical diagnosis. All the symptoms were divided into blocks containing information about functional state of separate CNS structures and systems, character and degree of observed deviation. The analysis of obtained results permits to consider dysfunction of hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal system under emotional stress as a cause of stutter. Peculiarities of the neurohumoral regulatory system development determine both age and sex specificity of the considered syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Prognostic criteria of speech rehabilitation in patients with sequelae after ischemic stroke].

Structural analysis concerning a complex of both neuropsychologic and clinical data of the patients with sequelae of ischemic stroke was performed. It was revealed, that a character of the local alterations of electric activity (EA) on EEG, testifying a functional state of cerebral structures, was an important prognostic criterion of the efficiency of neurorehabilitation. The local EA changes in form of groups of theta-waves and sharp waves of alpha- and theta-activities were prognostically favourable signs; meanwhile polymorphic slow-wave was unfavourable background for performing a restorative education. An analysis of the speech disorders revealed that both semantic and dynamic aphasias occur more frequently after ischemic stroke. A semantic aphasia was always accompanied by the dynamic one and each form may be both leading and secondary. It may be dependent on location of a focus (according to EEG) as well as on the character and manifestation of the accompanying neuropsychologic symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[EEG diagnostic potential in the estimation of the severity and sequelae of ischemic stroke].

Simultaneous consideration of both electroencephalographic and neurologic data as well as the results of both computer and emission computer tomography in patients with consequences of ischemic stroke during a process of neurorehabilitation gave chance for more accurate definition of organic origin of some EEG phenomena. It was found that a damage of the conductive pathways between the cortex and subcortical structures associated with disorders of blood circulation in the area of the middle cerebral artery was accompanied by local disorders in electric activity of the cortex mainly in form of polymorphic waves of theta- and delta-ranges and groups of theta-waves. Besides, a character of the slow waves depended on the size of the damage and on the degree of a decrease of blood circulation in the area of the damage. A decrease of the damage focus and improvement of circulation during restoration process was accompanied by changes in local deviations in cortical electric activity: polymorphic slow waves activity was replaced by sharp waves of alpha- and theta-ranges. Location of the changes of electric activity in caudal regions of the cortex is an unfavourable prognostic sign for restoration of motor activity in patients with ischemic stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Social psychological aspects of rehabilitating aphasics].

Impairments of the speech and motor functions are the most grave sequelae of cerebral strokes and neurosurgical diseases. Along with the neurological symptoms the patients develop psychopathological ones which are either manifestations of a vascular or focal pathology, or a reaction to the defect and to the changed social, occupational, and family status. In Moscow, a specialized logopedic service has been established which makes it possible to take logopedic and rehabilitation (in the broad sense of the word) measures at various stages of the disease. This service includes logopedic stations at emergency aid, neurological, and neurosurgical divisions of hospitals and polyclinics, the city centre, and a specialized hospital for patients with speech pathologies. At the latter two institutions new methods of the work (in addition to the traditional ones) are practised, particularly, restoration of the higher psychic functions in the process of working activity, teaching non-verbal communication, family psychotherapy, etc. which considerably increase the effect of the rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of afferent subcortical conduction pathways on speech function status].

The combined analysis of neuropsychologic, electroencephalographic, and neurologic data as well as of the results of computerized and emission-computerized tomography in patients with ischemic stroke during the neurorehabilitation period made it possible to ascertain the correlation between the lesions of subcortical pathways and speech disorders. Besides the intracortical, the cortico-subcortical connections of the left associative cortex were demonstrated. The semantic aphasia was shown to be always associated with the dynamic aphasia; and each of these forms could be either primary or secondary depending on the lesion localization (from the EEG and neurophysiologic data). The incidence of local polymorphous delta and theta waves in the EEG is an unfavorable predictive sign for patients after ischemic stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of a lesion of the subcortical conducting pathways on the electrical activity of the human cerebral cortex].

Simultaneous consideration of EEG, neurological, and imaging data obtained with sequelae of ischemic stroke during rehabilitation allowed us to verify the organic nature of some EEG phenomena. It was shown that stroke-induced impaired circulation in the area of the middle brain artery gave rise to deviant local cortical electrical activity (EA) in the form of polymorphic theta and delta waves or groups of theta waves. The character of such activity depended on the lesion size and extent of blood supply deficit in the damaged area. Decrease in the lesion size and restoration of blood supply during rehabilitation were accompanied by changes in the local deviant EA: the polymorphic slow-wave activity was replaced by single alpha and theta sharp waves. The restoration of motor functions was less successful in cases with the local deviant EA localized in the caudal part of the cortex.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structural approach to presentation and analysis of neuropsychological information].

The paper outlines a universal scheme for presenting neuropsychological information for diagnosing, predicting, and classifying higher psychic dysfunctions by using the structural organization method involving the determination of key issues whose awareness is sufficient to make decisions. The proposed scheme has a number of benefits: neuropsychological syndromes which constitute a diagnosis form on automatic scheme completion; the scheme itself, including data and reasoning for evaluation of functions, is a base of knowledge for the expert system and may be useful in training young specialists; the specific features of information presentation allow one to successfully compare neuropsychological data with the evidence of other clinical studies.

Adolescent↗