Physiologic framework of extrinsic controls.
Extrinsic controls of the cardiovascular system include neuronal, humoral, reflex, and chemical regulatory mechanisms. These extrinsic controls regulate heart rate, myocardial contractility, and vascular smooth muscle to maintain cardiac output, blood flow distribution, and arterial blood pressure. Integration and regulation of cardiovascular functioning involves complex interactions between these control mechanisms.
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena↗