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Biomedical subjects

V Madan

Publications and source records attributed to V Madan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Genetics and risk factors for basal cell carcinoma.

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the commonest cancer in whites and its incidence is increasing worldwide. The prevalence of this cancer is predicted to equal that of all others combined and it was estimated that there were over 2 million cases diagnosed in the U.S.A. in 2004. Patients exhibit marked differences in clinical phenotype with variations in tumour numbers, rate of tumour accrual, site and histological subtype. Furthermore, patients are at increased risk of other cutaneous and noncutaneous cancers. The factors accounting for this variation are complex and still not completely understood. Clearly, ultraviolet light (UV) exposure is a major influence but its relationship to clinical phenotype is not yet clear. In addition, immunosuppression is a significant risk factor. Our group has identified high-risk groups for the development of further basal cell carcinoma (BCC), namely patients with truncal BCC and those presenting with tumour clusters. This presentation will concentrate on these clinical subgroups as well as immunosuppressed patients. These groups represent significant management challenges and are areas where novel, nonsurgical treatment options may make a significant clinical impact in patient care. The risk factors predisposing to these clinical phenotypes will be discussed, including genetic factors and UV exposure. Potential clinical applications, including predictive indices, will be considered.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Tyrosinaemia type II with diffuse plantar keratoderma and self-mutilation.

Tyrosinaemia type II (oculocutaneous tyrosinaemia or Richner-Hanhart syndrome) is a rare and potentially treatable genetic disorder. Corneal opacities or ulcers, circumscribed palmoplantar keratoderma and subnormal intelligence form the classical triad of this syndrome. A case with additional features of self-harm and diffuse plantar keratoderma is discussed. Emphasis is laid on the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in the form of dietary regulation to prevent the neurological signs and treat the oculocutaneous symptoms.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Dermatological manifestations of Down's syndrome.

Down's syndrome (DS) is associated with rare dermatological disorders and increased frequency of some common dermatoses. Owing to advances in medical care and changes in attitude, the median age of death in this population has increased to 49 years, and the life expectancy of a 1-year-old person with DS today is more than 60 years and is likely to improve. With the increase in the number of individuals with DS in the population and an increased life span, dermatologists are more likely to encounter the wide spectrum of dermatological disorders that occurs in these patients. Furthermore, new reports of possible associations are frequent in the literature. The purpose of this article is to discuss the various dermatological conditions that affect DS individuals. A brief overview is given of the new information on genetics and the immunology of DS. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of premature ageing, to which DS individuals are prone. We review the literature and discuss the known dermatological manifestations, concentrating on recent reports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Lone atrial septal aneurysm and stroke--a case report and review of the literature.

The aetiology of stroke in young patients is usually difficult to establish. Despite extensive investigations, the cause of stroke remains unknown in a large percentage of these patients. We report a case of stroke in a young patient in whom the only associated aetiological factor was a lone atrial septal aneurysm. We discuss the investigational tools in the diagnosis of atrial septal aneurysms and study the aetiopathogenesis of strokes and the risk of recurrent strokes associated with their presence. We also review the evidence for the presently available therapies for prevention of further strokes in such patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Oral ivermectin in scabies patients: a comparison with 1% topical lindane lotion.

Scabies. which constitutes a significant proportion of the outpatient attendance in tropical dermatology clinics, has so far been treated with lindane, crotamiton, sulphur, permethrin, etc. Ivermectin, an orally administered drug, was tried in scabies patients and compared with 1% topical lindane lotion to evaluate its effects and toxicity profile. Two hundred scabies patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group received oral invermectin in a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg body weight. The other received 1% lindane lotion for topical application overnight. Patients were assessed after 48 hours, two weeks and four weeks. After a period of four weeks, 82.6% of the patients in the ivermectin group showed marked improvement; only 44.44% of the patients in the lindance group showed a similar response. A side effects in the form of severe headache were noted in one patient in group A. Oral ivermectin is an easy drug to administer. It is given as a single oral dose, unlike lindane, which has to be applied topically. The compliance is accordingly increased. Moreover, ivermectin induces an early and effective improvement in signs and symptoms. Thus, it may be a better option for scabies than the traditional topical linlane lotion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Liver and spleen MRI findings in virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome is characterized by the phagocytosis of erthythrocytes and other blood elements in multiple organ systems, especially the liver and spleen. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can suggest this diagnosis in the proper clinical setting by demonstrating multiple, rounded signal voids in the spleen corresponding to hemosiderin deposition. We report a patient with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome during the course of acute lymphocytic leukemia and MRI findings that suggested the preoperative diagnosis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Systemic air embolism following induction of artificial pneumothorax under anaesthesia, with successful management.

Systemic air embolism occurred in a patient during general anaesthesia, with positive pressure ventilation, following induction of artificial pneumothorax to assist in the diagnosis of a mediastinal mass. A sudden change in vital signs together with neurological abnormalities suggested involvement of both coronary and cerebral arteries. A trace of blood was noticed in the syringe which the surgeon had used to create the artificial pneumothorax. The patient was treated with hyperbaric oxygen and recovered satisfactorily, despite a 10-h interval between the air embolus and the institution of definitive therapy.

Adult↗