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Biomedical subjects

V Malhotra

Publications and source records attributed to V Malhotra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Human giardiasis: correlation of specific secretory IgA levels in duodenal fluid to the severity of disease and infestation by Giardia lamblia.

Giardia lamblia specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in the duodenal fluid of adult giardiasis cases are reported for the first time. The sIgA levels in the study group were found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the 20 age- and sex-matched controls comprising cases classified as non-ulcerative dyspepsia who did nor reveal any G. lamblia in their stools and the duodenal fluid. An inverse relationship between the clinical severity of giardiasis and the level of sIgA in the duodenal fluid was noted. Cases with a higher trophozoite load in duodenal aspirate tended to be associated with envanescent G. lamblia-specific antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) clinically presents with rectal bleed. Twenty three cases of SRUS are described highlighting that it is a distinct clinicopathological entity which can be diagnosed in the presence of typical clinical features, sigmoidoscopic findings and histopathological appearance of mucosal biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Displacement of apolipophorin III from the surface of low density lipophorin by human apolipoprotein A-I.

A hybrid low density lipophorin particle (LDLp) was prepared by incubation with human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in vitro. ApoA-I associated with LDLp in a concentration dependent, saturable manner which was accompanied by dissociation of apolipophorin III (apoLp-III). The apoA-I hybrid LDLp had the same lipid composition, density and morphology as native LDLp indicating that displacement of apoLp-III by apoA-I did not affect its structural properties. The molar ratio of apoLp-I:apoLp-II:apoLp-III was maximally reduced from 1:1:16 to 1:1:2 in native versus hybrid LDLp with the latter particle binding 7 molecules of apoA-I. The inability of apoA-I to displace the remaining 2 apoLp-III supports the concept that these apoLp-III molecules are not equivalent to the other fourteen. Native and hybrid LDLp particles were both metabolized to high density lipophorin in vivo. The displacement reaction represents a novel method for the production of apolipoprotein hybrids of LDLp and the results indicate that apoA-I has an inherently higher affinity for lipid surfaces than apoLp-III.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

An unusual case of plasma cell granuloma involving lung and brain.

A young male aged 20 years had resection of the upper lobe of right lung for plasma cell granuloma. Five years later he developed three lesions in the brain, one of which was resected. Brain lesion showed similar histopathological picture. A unique case of plasma cell granuloma involving more than one organ is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of heartburn with histopathological changes in esophagus and stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Histopathological changes in the esophagus and gastric antrum were studied in 47 patients with duodenal ulcer. Twenty three (49%) patients complained of heartburn. Esophagitis was present in 87% of the patients with heartburn and in 71% of the patients with no heartburn. In the majority, esophagitis was of mild to moderate severity. Gastritis was present in 83% (atrophic type in 22%) of patients with heartburn compared to 96% (25% atrophic type) of patients without heartburn. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of esophagitis and gastritis between the heartburn and no heartburn groups. This study suggests that histologic esophagitis and gastritis occur frequently in patients with duodenal ulcer and the presence of heartburn is not related to these histologic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate particle smears, imprints and biopsy sections.

Comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate particle smears, imprints and biopsy sections was done on 30 haematological problems. Core needle biopsy of the bone marrow is a safe and useful procedure. It is a valuable diagnostic aid for measurement of marrow cellularity, metastatic tumours and fibrosis. It should not be taken as a substitute for examination of the marrow by aspiration smear but is a complementary procedure which affords several advantages. Bone marrow biopsy was of maximum utility in myelofibrosis which was diagnosed on biopsy alone. There were three additional cases with normal bone marrow aspiration in which specific diagnosis could only be made from bone marrow biopsy sections. New methodologies i.e. plastic embedding and semi thin sections of undecalcified bone marrow, can be expected to improve the cytological details of tissue obtained by biopsy. Imprint preparations obtained from biopsy can be useful in patients of malignancy but we have found them to be of limited value except in cases of dry tap.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

Colonoscopic polypectomy. North Indian experience.

Colonoscopic snare polypectomy was carried out in 70 patients (40 children, 30 adults). There was a male preponderance in both the groups with a combined male: female ratio of 4.4:1. The majority of patients (85%) were aged 20 years or below. All patients presented with intermittent bleeding per rectum, ranging from 2 months - 6 years (mean 1.2 +/- 1.1 years) in children and 1-14 years (1.9 +/- 2.3) in adults. The majority of patients polyps were located in the rectum (73%) or in the rectosigmoid region (21%). Polyps were significantly more common in the rectum (80% vs 63%; P less than 0.01) and less frequent in the rectosigmoid (15% vs 30%; p less than 0.01) in children as compared to adults. A single polyp was present in 49 (70%) patients; 17 (24%) had 2-10 polyps, while 4 patients (2 children, 2 adults) had more than ten polyps. Most patients (94%) had polyps of less than 2 cm size. Histologically, the most polyps (91.5%) were of the juvenile variety; 39 (97.5%) children and 25 (83%) adults had this variety of polyp. The remaining 5 (17%) adults and one (2.5%) child had adenomatous polyps. The difference in the polyp histology between the two age groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Only one patient (1.4%) had excessive bleeding following polypectomy. The present study suggests two important differences in the nature of polyps as compared to the West: 1) our patients were much younger, and polyps were rare after 40 years; and (2) histologically, the commonest polyps were of the juvenile variety (91.5%) while adenomatous polyps were rare (8.5%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fatty acyl-coenzyme A is required for budding of transport vesicles from Golgi cisternae.

We describe a new role for fatty acylation. Conditions were established under which vesicular transport from the cis to the medial Golgi compartment in vitro depends strongly upon the addition of a fatty acyl-coenzyme A, e.g., palmitoyl-CoA. Using an inhibitor of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, we demonstrate that the fatty acid has to be activated by CoA to stimulate transport. A nonhydrolyzable analog of palmitoyl-CoA competitively inhibits transport. Electron microscopy and biochemical studies show that fatty acyl-CoA is required for budding of (non-clathrin-) coated transport vesicles from Golgi cisternae and that budding is inhibited by the nonhydrolyzable analog.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1989

Purification of a novel class of coated vesicles mediating biosynthetic protein transport through the Golgi stack.

We describe a scheme for the purification of the nonclathrin-coated vesicles that mediate transport of proteins between Golgi cisternae and probably from ER to Golgi. These "Golgi-derived coated vesicles" accumulate when Golgi membranes are incubated with ATP and cytosol in the presence of GTP gamma S, a compound that blocks vesicle fusion. The coated vesicles dissociate from the Golgi cisternae in high salt and can then be purified by employing differential and density gradient centrifugation. Golgi-derived coated vesicles have a putative polypeptide composition that is distinct from both cytosol and Golgi membranes, as well as from that of clathrin-coated vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dissection of a single round of vesicular transport: sequential intermediates for intercisternal movement in the Golgi stack.

We take advantage of a cell-free system that reconstitutes essentially a single round of transport of the VSV-encoded G protein between Golgi cisternae to identify discrete stages in the maturation of carrier vesicles. Using GTP gamma S and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) as selective inhibitors to accumulate coated and uncoated vesicles, respectively, we find these to be successive and obligatory transport intermediates. We find that the coated and uncoated vesicles that accumulate when transport is blocked have already transferred from donor to acceptor stacks but not yet fused. Similar coated and uncoated vesicles accumulate in appropriately treated whole cells. Our studies imply that a coated bud (pit)-coated vesicle-uncoated vesicle system analogous to that responsible for receptor-mediated endocytosis carries biosynthetic protein transport across the Golgi stack. However, "Golgi"-coated buds do not contain clathrin and seem to act as bulk carriers, whereas endocytic clathrin-coated pits carry a highly selective cargo.

Animals↗