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V Marchand

Publications and source records attributed to V Marchand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Outcome evaluation of education in asthmatic children: the Robert-Debré hospital's experience].

INTRODUCTION: Asthma, the most frequent chronic disease in childhood, is often treated by a continuous preventive treatment associated to the treatment of attacks. This therapeutic scheme fits well with educative skills. The Robert Debré's asthma school has been created in December 1999. Two nurses specialized in child asthma education are working in the school, helped by the pediatric pulmonologists. Children 6-year-old or more, that are treated in the hospital for asthma may be sent to the asthma school for education. They receive individual or collective education for cognitive, psycho-affective and sensory-motor targets related to asthma. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the outcome of educative action in childhood asthma and to study hospitalizations costs. METHODS SUBJECTS: children who received education for the first time in the year 2000 or 2001 and in whom exhaustive computerized data were available were eligible for the study. METHODS: retrospective and comparative study one-year-before/one-year-after the first educational intervention, assessed by comparison of the numbers of scheduled medical consultations and hospitalizations (and their cost). RESULTS: Sixty-six children were studied. We registered a significant increase of scheduled medical consultations (177 vs. 223; P < 0.03), and a very significant decrease of hospitalizations for asthma attacks (32 vs. 11; P < 0.001) without influence of the number of educational interventions and with a 52% decrease in costs (84,788 vs. 40,073 euros; P < 0.03). CONCLUSION: Asthmatic children education is a useful tool to improve medical follow-up and to decrease hospitalizations number. In a two-year survey, the decrease of cost in a group of 66 children is 44,715 euros.

Asthma↗
PubMed2002

Loss of containment: experimental aerosol rain-out assessment.

We measured the temperature profiles and rain-out spatial distribution for flashing water jets generated from a pilot scale experimental setup. This allowed us to define the transitions between three types of jets (stable, mechanically fragmented, flashing). The present experimental data when compared to other authors' data show that the transition to flashing type occurs at lower superheat when the orifice length increases, and that homogeneous aerosol behavior could be a valid assumption for mechanically fragmented jets whereas it is not for flashing jets.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2001

Nicotine, but not cotinine, partially protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced degeneration in mice.

In order to analyze the putative neuroprotective role of nicotine and cotinine in parkinsonian syndromes, these two compounds were administered in male C57Bl6 mice for 4 weeks. On day 8, four injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were administered. MPTP intoxication induced a 50% loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a 45% reduction in dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. Administration of cotinine did not affect MPTP toxicity in the nigrostriatal system but chronic nicotine treatment showed a slight protection (15%) of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons against MPTP.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Retrospective study of 70 cases of severe frostbite lesions: a proposed new classification scheme.

OBJECTIVE: Previous frostbite classifications were mainly based on retrospective diagnosis and, most of the time, could not be used to predict the final outcome of the lesions and especially the probability of an amputation and its level. The aim of this study was to suggest a new classification at day 0 based mainly on the topography of the lesions and on early bone scan results, which are more convenient and accurate in predicting the final outcome of frostbites. METHODS: The retrospective study of the clinical histories of 70 patients hospitalized at Chamonix Hospital (Mont-Blanc Massif) from 1985 to 1999 for severe frostbite injuries of the extremities has allowed us to classify the aspects of the initial lesions on day 0 and to compare them with final outcomes. RESULTS: A strong correlation was found between the extent of the lesion and the outcome of each finger or toe. When the initial lesion was on the distal phalanx, the probability of bone amputation was around 1% for the digit, 31% for the middle phalanx, 67% for the proximal phalanx, 98% for the metacarpal/metatarsal, and 100% for the carpal/tarsal. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these clinical results and on the results of bone scans (previously validated), a new classification of frostbite severity at day 0 is proposed. Four degrees of severity are defined: first degree, leading to recovery; second degree, leading to soft tissue amputation; third degree, leading to bone amputation, and fourth degree, leading to large amputation with systemic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of megestrol acetate in malnourished children with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition is common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Nutritional rehabilitation has been shown to improve linear growth, pulmonary function, well-being, and resistance to infection in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of megestrol acetate (MA) induces weight gain in malnourished patients with CF, and to assess the composition of weight gain. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 12 children with CF received MA (10 mg/kg/d) or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week washout period, then the alternative treatment. Anthropometrics, caloric intake, and clinical assessment were obtained every 6 weeks; pulmonary function tests, biochemistry, hematology, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were obtained every 12 weeks. RESULTS: Six children did not complete the study, three for reasons unrelated to the study, two because they developed diabetes while receiving MA, and one who had glucose intolerance while receiving the placebo. Average weight gain was 3.05 kg in the MA group and 0.3 kg in the placebo group. The change in weight z score was +0.76 in the MA group and -0.05 in the placebo group. The change in height z score was -0.06 in the MA group and +0.06 in the placebo group. Lean body mass and body fat increased by 1507 g and 1192 g respectively in the MA group. Pulmonary function tests improved in the MA group; serum cortisol levels decreased. Side effects included glucosuria, insomnia, hyperactivity, and irritability. CONCLUSIONS: Weight, body fat, and lean body mass increased and pulmonary function improved in the children with CF given MA. Adrenal suppression, glucose intolerance, and diabetes are side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Enteral nutrition in the pediatric population.

Enteral feeding, the provision of liquid nutrients into the gastrointestinal tract, is an important component of pediatric care. For the infant or child with a functioning or even a partially-functioning GI tract, the use of the enteral route provides a safe and efficient means of delivering nutrition at a time of life when requirements are extremely high. In addition to high nutrient requirements in the early years of life, there are a number of specific pediatric conditions, such as failure to thrive, short bowel syndrome, and congenital heart disease, which place further demands on the growing child. These demands can be met through the careful use of enteral feeds. This article reviews the physiology and practical application of enteral feeding to the pediatric age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The elastase-induced expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is decreased in remodelled airway epithelium.

During airway inflammation, proteinases such as human leukocyte elastase are actively secreted. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is a major serine proteinase inhibitor, secreted by bronchial, bronchiolar and lung epithelial cells. We recently identified secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human nasal epithelium, exclusively in remodelled areas of the surface epithelium. We now investigated the influence of remodelling and inflammation of the nasal tissue on the in vitro capacity of these cells to respond to human leukocyte elastase. Primary cultures of surface epithelial cells were established from various nasal polyp samples. At confluency, cell cultures were exposed to different human leukocyte elastase concentrations. The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor immunocytolocalisation, expression and secretion were then investigated. Immunocytochemistry, showed a human leukocyte elastase dose-dependent increase of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor containing cells and a basal extracellular localization of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor after incubation with 100 microg/ml human leukocyte elastase. The relative amount of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor mRNA transcripts increased with respect to the human leukocyte elastase concentration. Nevertheless, the potential stimulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor secretion by human leukocyte elastase was lower in the more remodelled and inflamed tissue. Our results suggest that the contribution of the surface epithelial cells of poorly remodelled tissues to the protection against the deleterious effect of neutrophil proteinases is severely decreased in highly remodelled and inflamed tissues.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1997

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human bronchopulmonary carcinomas: quantificative and morphological analyses.

The expression of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in 88 primary bronchopulmonary cancers and in 13 neighbouring pulmonary parenchyma samples was quantified by Northern-blot analysis, and morphologically examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate the involvement of MMPs in the pathophysiology of these carcinomas and to look for potential markers of aggressivity of lung tumours. Northern-blot analysis showed that the predominantly expressed MMPs in bronchopulmonary cancers were gelatinase A (66%), its activator MT1-MMP (membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase) (56%) and stromelysin-3 (61%). MMP expression frequencies and mRNA levels increased progressively with malignant phenotype, lack of differentiation and TNM stage of the tumours, whereas TIMP expression decreased very early during tumour progression. Moreover, the principal MMPs were significantly co-expressed in primary tumours, suggesting their co-regulation. Morphological studies revealed the expression of MMPs and TIMPs essentially in stromal cells in close contact with tumour clusters. These results indicate that tumour progression in bronchopulmonary carcinomas implies a progressive disruption of the MMP/TIMP balance leading to an excess of several MMPs that act in concert in vivo. Furthermore, the fact that stromal cells are the principal source of MMPs emphasizes the close cooperation between host cells and cancer cells in tumour invasion.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1997

Induction of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) expression in human fibroblasts by breast adenocarcinoma cells.

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) has been recently described as an activator of proMMP-2 (MMP-2) which is involved in tumor invasion. We have shown by in situ hybridization that MT1-MMP is produced by stromal cells in close contact to preinvasive and invasive tumor cells of breast carcinomas. Of particular interest was the observation that some fibroblasts express this enzyme in focal areas in preinvasive lesions, suggesting that particular tumor cells may stimulate fibroblasts to produce MT1-MMP. We have therefore compared the ability of two different breast cancer cell lines, one non-invasive (MCF7) and one invasive (MDA-MB-231) to stimulate MT1-MMP production in human fibroblasts with consequent proMMP-2-activation. The MDA-MB-231 conditioned medium induced MT1-MMP mRNAs in human fibroblasts and a parallel activation of proMMP-2 whereas MCF7 conditioned medium did not have any effect. These results suggest the existence of soluble factor(s) secreted by invasive or some preinvasive breast tumor cells which stimulate fibroblasts to produce and activate MMPs, and emphasize the cooperation between cancer and stromal cells in tumor invasion.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1997

Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibility to penicillin in a Paris children's hospital.

Among pneumococci with decreased susceptibility or pneumococci resistant to penicillin (PRP) isolated at Armand-Trousseau children's hospital, those expressing capsular serotypes 23F, 9V, and 14 were the most frequently isolated. We compared 53 clinical isolates (14 type 9V, 26 type 23F, and 13 type 14) by analysis of chromosomal macrorestriction patterns and DNA restriction patterns of the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes pbp 2b, pbp 2x, and pbp 1a. All 9V isolates originated from the same clone. Five 23F clones were distinguished, the largest of which comprised 20 isolates. The main type 14 clone comprised nine isolates; three other type 14 strains were closely related to the 9V clone, probably by horizontal transfer of capsular biosynthesis genes. Most 23F and type 14 isolates shared the same PBP gene restriction patterns as the 9V clone, suggesting horizontal transfer of altered PBP genes.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Tumor collagenase stimulatory factor (TCSF) expression and localization in human lung and breast cancers.

Tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (TCSF) stimulates in vitro the biosynthesis of various matrix metalloproteinases involved in tumor invasion, such as interstitial collagenase, gelatinase A, and stromelysin 1. The expression of TCSF mRNAs was studied in vivo, using in situ hybridization and Northern blotting analysis, in seven normal tissues and in 22 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, and in seven benign proliferations and in 22 ductal carcinomas of the mammary gland. By in situ hybridization, TCSF mRNAs were detected in 40 of 44 carcinomas, in pre-invasive and invasive cancer cells of both lung and breast cancers. TCSF mRNAs and gelatinase A mRNAs were both visualized in the same areas in serial sections in breast cancers, and were expressed by different cells, tumor cells, and fibroblasts. The histological results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis, which showed a higher expression of TCSF mRNAs in cancers than in benign and normal tissues. These observations support the hypothesis that TCSF is an important factor in lung and breast tumor progression.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1996

Comparative DNA analysis of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, randomly amplified polymorphism DNA, and ERIC polymerase chain reaction.

We used DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR) to compare 15 clinical isolates of Bordetella pertussis recovered between August 1993 and September 1995 from 13 infants and two adults, living in the same geographic area. PFGE produced 10 patterns and made it possible to differentiate all the isolates and to indicate an intrafamilial transmission. RAPD and ERIC-PCR generated banding patterns with small differences and had a poor discriminatory power. During the last 2 years, at Armand-Troussau pediatric hospital, 10 distinct clones of clinical B. pertussis isolates, with a predominant clone including seven strains, could be determined by the PFGE method.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression at the site of human placentation.

Human trophoblast implantation is a highly regulated process of invasion that requires action of proteolytic enzymes to degrade extracellular matrix components of the endometrium. Among these enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) seem to be particularly important in this degradative process. We previously showed that gelatinase A is extensively expressed in vivo in the human placenta. A new MMP, MT-MMP-1 (membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1), which is thought to activate progelatinase A, has recently been described. In this study, we examined the expression of MT-MMP-1, by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, in human placental bed biopsies taken during the first trimester of gestation. Human first trimester intermediate trophoblasts synthesized MT-MMP-1 mRNAs and the protein. The MT-MMP-1 pattern of distribution in placental beds was similar to that of gelatinase A, suggesting a pivotal role for MT-MMP-1 in placentation, perhaps by activating progelatinase A.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1995

Identification of antileucoprotease in remodelled human adult nasal surface epithelium.

Antileucoprotease (ALP) is generally considered as a specific marker for glandular serous cells, and plays a major role in the defence of the respiratory tract against proteolytic damage. Nevertheless, several studies have identified ALP in bronchial and bronchiolar surface epithelial cells, and also an increased number of ALP-containing cells in bronchiolar tissue during the development of pulmonary diseases. In order to define more clearly whether the surface epithelium might be involved in the defence of the respiratory mucosa, we have investigated the expression of ALP by cells of the nasal surface epithelium. Indirect immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization for ALP were performed on human nasal polyp sections. The height of the surface epithelium, its morphology, and the degree of local inflammation were assessed in parallel. Surface epithelium morphology was highly heterogeneous. ALP-containing cells were identified, but only in remodelled areas of the surface epithelium (foldings, basal cell and/or mucous cell hyperplasia), with no association to the degree of inflammation. These results demonstrate that the surface epithelial cells of the human adult nasal mucosa can express ALP in remodelled surface epithelium, and may be actively involved in the biochemical defence of the airways.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1995

Decreased expression of the CFTR protein in remodeled human nasal epithelium from non-cystic fibrosis patients.

BACKGROUND: In normal adult pseudostratified human nasal surface epithelium, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is localized to the apical domain of the ciliated cells, whereas in cystic fibrosis (CF), the mutated delta F 508 CFTR exhibits an abnormal cytoplasmic localization. Frequent airway injuries either in CF or non-CF patients may induce a remodeling of the surface epithelium characterized by a change in the morphological structure from normal columnar pseudostratified epithelium to either basal cell hyperplasia, mucous cell hyperplasia, or squamous metaplasia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The localization of CFTR parallel to markers of cell differentiation, such as cytokeratin 14 (CK14, a marker of basal cells), cytokeratin 18 (CK 18, a marker of ciliated and mucous cells), cytokeratin 13 (CK13, a marker of squamous metaplasia cells), and desmoplakins (DP) 1 and 2 (markers of desmosomes) was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS: In normal pseudostratified epithelium, CFTR was detected at the apical plasma membrane of the ciliated cells, CK14 was identified in basal cells of focal areas, CK18 was localized in both ciliated and mucous cells, CK 13 was detected in all basal cells, and DP 1 and 2 were preferentially detected at the interface between columnar and basal cells. In basal cell hyperplasia, CFTR was poorly expressed in the cytoplasm of the more superficial cells, CK14 and CK13 were localized in basal cell multilayers, CK18 labeling was present in the more superficial cell layers, and DP 1 and 2 were preferentially detected at the interface between the more basal cells. In squamous metaplasia, CFTR labeling was either very low or even undetectable, CK14 was found in focal areas of the more basal cell layers, CK18 labeling was either very low or undetectable, CK13 expression was restricted to the flattened cells toward the epithelial surface, and DP 1&2 were intensively present between all the epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the localization of CFTR in human nasal surface epithelium is related to the differentiation state of this epithelium. Abnormally low expression of the CFTR protein may not only be caused by CFTR gene mutations but can also be associated with airway surface epithelium dedifferentiation and remodeling.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Nursing care].

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Child↗