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Biomedical subjects

V Mayer

Publications and source records attributed to V Mayer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Long-term persistence of cell-mediated and humoral immune response in specifically resistant mice given live attenuated langat (E5 "14") virus.

In a long-term experiment, the features of humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) were investigated in mice given intravenously (i.v.) a single dose of live attenuated Langat (E5 "14") virus of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex. The inapparent infection induced in mice specific resistance against challenge with virulent TBE virus, CMI was assayed by the capillary method of murine splenic lymphocyte migrarion inhibition (LMI) in the presence of partially purified TBE vurus. Significant LMI values were observed as early as 4 days after inoculation (p.i.), persisting for at least 15 months. Specific virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies were detected in the pooled serum of mice on the 4th day p.i. by a VN test potentiated with monospecific anti-mouse IgG serum. For the whole experimental period, significant antibody levels were found in the immunized mice which also displayed a complete resistance against 1000 s.c. LD50 of the virulent virus. Organ cultures of brain and spleen from these mice did not yield infections virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Transmissible virus dementia. I. An unusual space and time clustering of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and of other organic presenile dementia cases.

A peculiar grouping of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) and of other organic presenile dementia (OPD) cases in a small, prevalently rural area in Czechoslovakia to the east of 19 degrees 35' E and to the north of 48 degrees 15' N was studied. Between August, 1972 and November, 1976, three histologically proven CJD cases, bearing no sporadic of familial patterns, were observed. The distance between their dwellings was 13--17 km. In addition, seven cases of OPD were detected in the same area, two of them being suspected as possible CJD according to clinical evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Transmissible virus dementia. II. Neurohistology of three, geographically clustered cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Histopathological findings in three temporo-spatially linked cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are reported. The patients were males, unrelated and without positive family history. Their mean age at the onset of the disease was 52.3 years. The mean duration of the illness was 6.6 months; the clinical symptomatology differed considerably. Neurohistology revealed in all patients a neuronal loss, intracyoplasmic vacuolation, spongiosis and astrocytosis. Besides the cortical regions, basal ganglia and cerebella were severely affected. All cases were pathologically suggestive of the cortico-striato-cerebella variant of CJD. Attention is drawn to this apparent topical similarity of most pronounced lesions. The possible significance of the pathoanatomical consistency, observed in the cases studied, for the unusual pattern of natural occurrence of CJD is considered.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1978

[Regional ventricular function at rest during exercise before and after bypass surgery (author's transl)].

In 9 patients with coronary heart disease isovolumetric contractility indices and ejection phase parameters were measured simultaneously, using an angiographic catheter with a manometer at the tip (Millar). Regional wall motion at rest, after leg raising and during physical exercise (bicycle ergometer) was analyzed applying the hemiaxis method. Five weeks after aortocoronary bypass surgery the same examinations were repeated. Preoperatively left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased from 21 to 37 mm Hg following leg raising. The velocity mean of fiber shortening (Vcf) and of regional fiber shortening in the anterior wall decreased significantly.--All patients discontinued physical exercise due to angina pectoris. LVEDP increased from 21 to 39 mm Hg. Large hypokinetic and akinetic areas developed especially in the anterior wall. Velocity of fiber shortening of the anterior wall decreased from 1.43 to 0.76/s. Enddiastolic volume remained unchanged while endsystolic volume increased significantly. In six patients with patent grafts surgery had a beneficial effect. Comparing angiograms at rest no significant changes were found. After leg raising and physical exercise, however, marked improvement in ventricular function occurred, compared to the preoperative performance. All 6 patients were exercised without complaints at a load of 100 watts for 8 minutes. Velocity of fiber shortening in the anterior wall increased significantly from 0.76 to 2.56/s, mean Vcf from 1.11 to 2.12 circ/s, max dP/dt from 2302 to 4280 mm Hg/s and Vpm from 27.8 to 55.7/s. Functional improvement in individual wall segments amounted to 500% in the mean. Ejection fraction increased from 54 to 76%. Enddiastolic volume remained unchanged while endsystolic volume decreased from 67 to 33 ml/1.37 m2 (p less than 0.002). In three patients the bypass occluded or myocardial infarction occurred intraoperatively. Postoperative findings at rest and during exercise were unchanged as compared to preoperative values. Following successful bypass surgery ventricular function at rest did not change. During exercise, however, a marked improvement in overall and in regional ventricular function was found.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1977

[Left ventricular contraction reserve in coronary heart disease. Evaluation, quantification and prognostic value (author's transl)].

Regional and overall left ventricular contraction reserve was studied in 14 patients with coronary heart disease, in 5 healthy subjects and in 4 patients before and after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Quantification of overall contraction was based on ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. Regional contraction reserve was calculated with the hemiaxis method and a ventricular score. Contraction reserve under nitroglycerin and in postextrasystolic beats was compared. For routine quantification of contraction reserve the ventricular score is recommended. For research purposes the hemiaxis method is to be preferred. Postextrasystolic beats are better suited for analysis of contraction reserve than are angiograms following administration of nitroglycerin. This is due to the minor expense of the procedure, furthermore, postextrasystolic beats allow better differentiation between contracting and non-contracting areas. Left ventricular contraction reserve is larger in patients with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and ischemic reactions in the exercise ECG than in control patients. These findings are based on overall and on regional volume parameters. A quantitatively greater improvement in contraction could be provoked in the anterior wall than in the posterior wall. Regional contraction improved significantly in most cases either in the anterior wall or in the posterior wall; rarely it improved simultaneously in both left ventricular regions. In a few cases contraction deteriorated in one area with a simultaneous improvement in the opposite area. Overall and regional ventricular function, as assessed preoperatively by contraction reserve determinations could not be completely regained in normal beats after successful bypass surgery. Differences in the regional contraction reserve seemed to be mainly due to varying degrees of ischemia and scarring.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1976

The opposite temperature-sensitivity character (ts) in two attenuated flaviviruses, used for human immunization: 17D yellow fever and E5"14" (Langat) viruses. A reappraisal of thoughts.

For the reproduction of the man-attenuated E5"14" clone of the Langat virus (tick-borne encephalitis complex) in pig kidney epithelial cells, the temperature of 39 degrees C was shown as restrictive, whereas it was permissive for the 17D strain of yellow fever virus and three virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis (western subtype) virus. The temperature of 36 degrees C permitted the reproduction of all viruses studied. The implication of genetic marker studies in the assessment of human neuropathogenicity of flaviviruses is discussed.

Arboviruses↗
PubMed1976

In vitro studies on cell-mediated immune response to tick-borne encephalitis virus: findings in convalescents and human subclinical infections.

Peripheral blood leukocytes from tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) convelescents (manifest and inapparent forms) working with TBE virus-containing material and from individuals without specific serum virus neutralizing antibodies (VNA) were studied in capillary tube leukocyte migration experiments. Partially purified TBE virus preparations were used as antigen. Under standardized conditions a strong inhibitory reaction was observed in convalescents with significantly higher values in persons recovered from an abortive form of infection only. These results differed markedly from values recorded in persons without specific VNA. Significance of correlation between humoral VNA titres and the intensity of the cell-mediated component of the immune response (CM IR), as indicated by leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) values, was less than P equals 0.25.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Phenothiazine-induced alterations of immune response in experimental tick-borne encephalitis: morphological model analysis of events.

The depressive effect of trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine derivative, on the morphology of the development of immune response (IR) (humoral and cell-mediated component) was studied in mice given tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or the BCG vaccine. This effect was manifested by a decrease in the mitotic activity of lymphocytes and in the number of blastic transformations after antigenic stimulation. In virus-infected and TFP-given mice, lowered levels of specific virus neutralizing antibody (VNA), together with a pronounced reduction of the inflammatory response in the brain were found. No signs of cytotoxicity following administration of the drug were observed. The mechanism of the immunodepressive action of TFP are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental live tick-borne encephalitis vaccine (Labgat E5 "14" virus clone): volunteers 1 and 2 years after single-dose immunization.

Groups of volunteers given intramuscularly 5 or 6.5 dex or perorally 6.5 dex newborn mouse icLD50 of the plaquesegregated "14" clone of the Langat E5 virus strain (tick-borne encephalitis comples) were followed for periods of 12 and 24-27 months. Circulating specific virus neutralizing antibodies persisted in them in the absence of apparent reaction as evidenced by clinical, electroencephalographic and cerebrospinal fluid findings.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Further virological and clinical investigations on the attenuated E5"14" virus from the tick-borne excephalitis complex.

A total of 22 persons, given a single intramuscular dose of 3.1 times 10(6) newborn mouse ic LD50/ml of the E5"14" virus (stored for 26 months at 4 degrees C in lyophilized state), were subjected to rigorous clinical, clinical-laboratory and virological investigations. Clinical observations and laboratory tests (blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytology and biochemistry) revealed no ill-effects or deviations attributable to the immunization procedure. After administration of the immunizing dose, no viraemia was detected and specific seroconversions from negativity to positivity were found after 9 weeks in 73-82% of the subjects, using different tick-borne encephalitis (western subtype) viruses in the virus neutralization experiments. The results obtained seem to give increased confidence in the further use of this attenuated virus clone with strictly defined characteristics.

Adult↗