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Biomedical subjects

V Meguid

Publications and source records attributed to V Meguid.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Sudden infant death syndrome and secretin treatment for autism.

The Back to Sleep Campaigns remain the greatest influence on the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome. Blatt and Meguid review updates on the effectiveness of these campaigns in reducing sudden infant death syndrome. They also review studies on why parents do not follow this proven advice. The contribution of the risks of other environmental factors are also reviewed. Also discussed are commentaries from a study reviewed last on the link between a prolonged QT electrocardiogram interval and sudden infant death syndrome. Church provides a cogent and timely review of the reported effectiveness of hormone secretin effectiveness in treating children with autism. This newly proposed treatment has been in the spotlight of the lay public, the popular media, and the scientific community. In short order, secretin as a treatment for autism has moved from a chance observation to the subject of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1999

Sudden infant death syndrome, child sexual abuse, and child development.

Since the introduction of the Back to Sleep Campaigns, there has been a dramatic reduction in sudden infant death syndrome in this country. Steven Blatt and Victoria Meguid review the literature surrounding sleep position. Investigators have continued efforts to find other modifiable risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome. A prospective study of more than 33,000 neonates found a link between a prolonged QT electrocardiogram interval and sudden infant death syndrome. Also discussed are investigations seeking to explain the relationship between smoking and sudden infant death syndrome. Ann Botash, Florence Jean-Louis and Mongkae Ploy Siripornsawan review the latest thinking on genital warts and their relation to specific viral etiologies and child sexual abuse. Other symptoms and signs of sexual abuse are the focus of a number of articles that can help the practitioner care for these unfortunate children. Catherine Church reviews medication options for children diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders or autism spectrum disorders. Finally, in this article, risperidone, fluoxetine and naltrexone are reviewed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1998

Child abuse and sudden infant death syndrome.

Ann Botash reviews the current literature regarding the association of retinal hemorrhage and subarachnoid bleeds in infants who have suffered head trauma. Particular emphasis is placed on differentiating these findings from those in children who suffer other forms of trauma, especially cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The office practitioner needs appropriate skills in performing careful retinal examination and when to refer patients to an ophthalmologist for specific evaluation. The current literature on sudden infant death syndrome is reviewed in this section by Steven Blatt and Victoria Meguid. Specific studies about sleep position are analyzed and the rationale for the "back to sleep" movement is explained from a physiologic standpoint. The impact of maternal smoking and poor prenatal care is also reviewed in the form of a number of epidemiologic studies. It is important for the clinician to recognize that there is often a fine line differentiating sudden infant death syndrome and infanticide. The pediatrician needs to be aware of the importance of careful investigation of death scenes to insure that we are not missing other causes of death in those patients who are labeled as having died of sudden infant death syndrome.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1988

Complications of abdominal operations for malignant disease.

The incidence of morbidity and mortality in 365 consecutive patients with a mean age of 60 years who underwent intraabdominal operation for a variety of cancers involving different organ systems over a recent 2-year period was analyzed. The primary tumor sites were the esophagus (21 patients), gastroduodenum (33 patients), liver and gallbladder (6 patients), pancreas (15 patients), colorectum (101 patients), lymphoproliferative disorders (35 patients), abdominal carcinomatosis (45 patients), genitourinary and gynecologic systems (94 patients), and other sites (15 patients). One hundred eighty-two patients (49 percent) had 1 or more complications (grouped as gastrointestinal, septic, cardiopulmonary, and nonseptic) and 47 patients died (12.9 percent). The 145 patients who underwent a palliative procedure had the highest morbidity and mortality rates (41 percent and 21 percent, respectively). In the 168 patients who had curative resection, the morbidity and mortality rates were 39 percent and 9 percent, respectively, and in 51 patients with a diagnostic laparotomy, 20 percent and 4 percent, respectively. Age was not a contributory factor. The 177 malnourished patients had a significantly higher incidence of complications (72 percent) and postoperative death (23 percent) than the well-nourished patients (29 percent and 4 percent, respectively; p less than 0.001). These differences also existed with each form of complication. Of those patients without complications, the majority resumed consuming 60 percent of their caloric requirements by postoperative day 9. In the majority of patients with complications, resumption of adequate oral intake occurred by postoperative day 20.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Influence of nutritional status on the resumption of adequate food intake in patients recovering from colorectal cancer operations.

The influence of nutritional status on the resumption of adequate food intake in 101 patients recovering from colorectal cancer operation was examined. Two thirds of these patients were well-nourished; the others were malnourished. Malnutrition criteria were serum albumin of less than 3.5 gm per dl plus any two of the following four factors: recent weight loss greater than 10 per cent or weight for height, mid-arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness lower than the tenth percentile. Over half of the well-nourished patients were eating 60 per cent or greater of their caloric requirements by the tenth postoperative day, whereas only one quarter of the malnourished patients had attained this intake. the morbidity and mortality in 33 malnourished patients was 52 and 12 per cent, respectively, compared with 31 and 6 per cent (p less than 0.01) in 68 nourished patients. The duration of postoperative functional starvation in malnourished patients without complications increased to an average of 22 days following a complication and was further prolonged after a complication. Age or operative procedure (curative or palliative) did not influence complication rate. Our data suggest that postoperative nutritional support as either TPN or enteral feeding using an elemental diet is indicated in malnourished patients and in well-nourished patients immediately following a complication requiring therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Preoperative identification of the surgical cancer patient in need of postoperative supportive total parenteral nutrition.

In the absence of specific therapy, nutrition was the mainstay of medicine in ancient times. Because of the current emphasis on modern treatment modalities in the fight against cancer, the provision of adequate nutrition is frequently overlooked. Because of the inconsistent results obtained from randomized trials of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy, ambivalence about the usefulness of TPN as an adjunct to cancer therapy (particularly as it pertains to surgical patients) is further confused by the lack of appropriate criteria for the use of TPN postoperatively. The incidence of malnutrition in relation to certain cancer types is high. Malnutrition is associated with a higher incidence of both postoperative complications and mortality when compared to the well nourished patient. Consequently, preoperative criteria were developed to identify that group of cancer patients requiring abdominal operation who are at high risk and in whom planned nutritional support should be initiated postoperatively. Use of these criteria provides a rational basis for the use of TPN postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced metabolic complications in total parenteral nutrition: pilot study using fat to replace one-third of glucose calories.

The limitations of glucose-based TPN solutions are high glucose concentration, high osmolality, lack of fat, and essential fatty acids, which result in glucose intolerance and hepatotoxic effects. We replaced one-third of the calories in a standard amino acid-glucose solution with Liposyn 10% for 14 days in 23 critically ill men who needed total parenteral nutrition. Serial measurements included weight, albumin, glucose, triglyceride concentrations, and liver function tests. Serum osmolality was calculated, and found to remain constant. Body weight and serum albumin were maintained. Minor changes occurred in hepatic enzymes which were physiologically insignificant. Glycosuria occurred in 15%. Adverse side effects of hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, and hypertriglyceridemia were avoided. Our results show that the addition of fat reduced glucose and hepatic related metabolic complications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriological safety of closed enteral nutrition delivery system.

One of the most commonly reported side effects of enteral tube feedings is diarrhea, at times attributed to the bacterial contamination of tube feedings. A closed enteral delivery system has recently been devised. It consists of a cardboard Tetrapack containing the sterile enteral nutrition formula and and independent sterile administration set; together these constitute a closed Tetrapack-administration set enteral delivery system. The bacteriological safety of this system was evaluated in vitro under controlled laboratory conditions in a series of studies. There was no or bacteriologically insignificant bacterial contamination of the enteral nutrition formula, even with repeated use of one administration set for multiple containers over 24 h. Bacteriological growth in the enteral nutrition formula was directly related to the duration of the hanging time of a Tetrapack container. No bacterial growth occurred with hanging times less than 18 h; insignificant bacterial growth occurred by 24 h. A progressive time-related increase in bacterial growth occurred between 24 and 48 h. Our data indicate that the newly developed closed Tetrapack-administration set enteral delivery system is, and will remain, bacteriologically sterile if each Tetrapack container is allowed to hang for no longer than 24 h.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to providing health care for children in out-of-home care.

Every community has children placed in the out-of-home care system. Despite a high prevalence of health, mental health, and developmental morbidity in children in care, most child welfare agencies have not provided adequate diagnostic and therapeutic services for these children. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary clinic for children in out-of-home care involving pediatrics, child psychology, nursing, child development, and child welfare is described. Profiles of the health, mental health, and developmental status of the children in out-of-home care are also presented.

Child↗