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V Mersch-Sundermann

Publications and source records attributed to V Mersch-Sundermann.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The mutagenicity of organic microcontaminants in the environment. IV. The mutagenicity of volatile organic halogens in the SOS-chromotest].

To determine the sensitivity and responsibility of microbial shortterm-tests for detection of the mutagenic potency of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (OHC) 18 pure substances from the groups of halomethanes, -ethanes and ethylenes were examined with the SOS-Chromotest. The strain Escherichia coli PQ37 was used in the standard procedure (macro procedure) with and without metabolic activation by Aroclor 1254 induced rat-liver microsomes. Although the selected OHC were tested to high doses, none of the tested compounds showed mutagenic effects in Escherichia coli PQ37. Also those OHC's, which showed positive results in the Ames test or being suspected of carcinogenicity, showed no positive results in the SOS-Chromotest. Therefore, the standard procedure of SOS-Chromotest is not suitable to detect the mutagenicity of volatile organic and halogenated compounds. Supplementary investigations with modified methods are necessary to check the results, because there is a good correlation between Ames test and SOS-Chromotest by testing other groups of compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The mutagenicity of surface water, waste water and drinking water in the Rhine-Neckar region in the Salmonella microsome test (Ames Test)].

We have shown recently that the quality of surface water in urban and industrialized regions is of dubious hygienic. Therefore, in further studies we examined 46 water samples between October and November 1986 from the Rhine-river and its tributaries between km 400 and 440 using the Salmonella mutagenicity test (Ames-test). Additionally, we examined 8 samples from the waterworks of Mannheim and 4 samples from a lake in the Mannheim area. Each of our 464 samples was examined using Salmonella strains TA 97, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 with and without Aroclor-1254-induced S9-fraction from rat liver. 9.7% of the water samples showed mutagenic effects in the Ames test, the majority (70%) with low activity. High mutagenic effects were found in the waste water of the purification plants of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen and of some small but very highly contaminated brooks (Kraichbach, Leimbach). Two out of 8 untreated water samples of the waterworks of Mannheim showed mutagenic effects in the undiluted water following metabolic activation. We never found mutagenic effects in all samples taken from the same site. The Ames-test is a useful screening procedure for the determination of mutagenic or cancerogenic effects of environmental contaminants. It allows an evaluation of mixtures of anthropogenically polluted environmental samples for potentially genotoxic effects. Our results show that our water resources pose ecological hazards. This should be prevented by a better control of the industrial and communal waste water before it is allowed to flow into the river.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed1988

[The mutagenicity of organic microcontaminants in the environment. I. The mutagenicity of selected herbicides and insecticides in the Salmonella microsome test (Ames test) with regard to the pathogenic potency of contaminated ground and drinking water].

For determination of the mutagenicity of herbicides and insecticides in working and environmental relevant concentrations we examined 26 pure substances of the chemical groups of polychlorinated alicyclic hydrocarbons, phenoxy fatty acids and and triazines with the Salmonella-microsome-test (S. typhimurium strains TA 97, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 with and without metabolic activation with Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver microsome fraction). Only one substance--Chlorthiamide--showed mutagenicity in concentrations of 0.001 microgram/plate. In all the other substances examined we found numbers of revertants near the spontaneous mutagenic rates. However a human carcinogenic potential can't be excluded, because several toxicological studies with mammalians showed a carcinogenic activity of organohalogenic insecticides without mutagenic activity in biological short term tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Bacteriologic quality of water from the Rhine and its tributaries in the Rhine-Neckar region. I. Bacterial count and Enterobacteriaceae of the current status of pollution].

During the period of May 1982 to January 1983 and March 1986 to May 1986, 164 water-specimens had been collected along the river Rhine and its affluxes in the overcrowded Rhine-Neckar-Region from 34 collecting-sites on 8 different days. The specimens were tested for the total-germ-count and the titers of different Enterobacteriaceae-species. The total-germ-count examined concentrations of several hundreds up to 1.8 million germ in 1 ml river-water. Extremely high concentrations were found along the waste-water-influxes (purification-plants) and the overloaded Rhine-affluences (Leimbach, Kraichbach, Speyerbach, Rehbach, Neckar). The waste-water-samples from the central flow of the Rhine-river showed germ-concentrations of less than 10.000/ml, due to the mix-up of the waste water with the Rhine-water. Enterobacteriaceae--549 isolates together--could be found mainly in specimens from all collected sites in low titers. E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens and Citrobacter freundii had been the highest recovery rate. The isolation of Salmonellae was examined because of specific methods in a separate study (2. Communication). Based on these data, it has to be concluded, that the water of the Rhine-river and its affluxes in the Rhine-Neckar-Region is an uncontrolled germ-reservoir. The use of this water for bathing, unprocessed drinking-water or for agriculture purpose has to be refused from the hygienic point of view.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1987

[Bacteriologic quality of water from the Rhine and its tributaries in the Rhine-Neckar region. II. Salmonellas--public health significance and health risks].

Salmonella-infections, the epidemiology and the spread of these germs into the environment are a serious hygienic problem even today. Probably one of the most important reservoirs of germs is the water of rivers and lakes. Its relevance for the infective chain in the overcrowded region Rhein-Neckar was examined very insufficiently until now. Even though, the municipal, two-stepped purification-plants are widely improved, the pollution of the pre-floating compartments with Salmonellae seems to be always a problem. In 1982, 1983 and 1986 164 water-specimens were collected at 34 sites along the river Rhine and its affluxes in the Rhine-Neckar-Region and tested for the occurrence of Salmonellae. 35 serotypes could be isolated 156 fold in a 200-ml-specimen. Along the collecting-sites with a higher concentration of waste-water they could be found even in smaller volumes of water (2.5 ml, 12 isolates). Especially those species could be identified, which had been reported at the public-health-departments in Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Heidelberg as the cause of gastroenteritis during the test-period. Some divergences were observed due to the different resistance of the serotypes. The negligent deal with quite often high-contaminated surface-water (in agriculture, for private purposes) and the high environmental stability of many Salmonella-serotypes results in many infect-chains in the tested Rhine-Neckar-Region. This is one of several explanations for the still high incidence of gastroenteritis.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The genotoxicity of unsubstituted and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

To determine the DNA damaging properties of unsubstituted and substituted polycyclic hydrocarbons, 61 aromatic and heterocyclic compounds were examined for the induction of the SOS system in E. coli PQ37. PAH such as benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, dibenzo[a,1]pyrene, fluoranthene and triphenylene showed relatively high genotoxicity. With respect to the nitroarenes, the highest genotoxic potencies were exhibited by the dinitropyrenes. The SOS-inducing potency of nitroarenes increased from the bicyclic to the tetracyclic ring system. Additionally, it was seen that any increase in the extent of nitration is paralleled by an increase of genotoxicity. Whereas PAH required metabolic activation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes, nPAH were direct-acting genotoxicants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genotoxicity of polycyclic musk fragrances in the sister-chromatid exchange test.

The synthetic polycyclic musk fragrance compounds Galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclo-penta-(g)-2-++ +benzopyrane, Tonalide (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamerthyltetraline), Celestolide (4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert, butylindane), Phantolide (6-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindane), Cashmeran (6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4-(5H) indanone) and Traseolide (5-acetyl-1,1,2,6-tetramethyl-3-isopropylindane) are widely used as fragrance ingredients in perfumes, lotions and detergents; as food additives in cigarettes and fish baits. Several studies identified polycyclic musk fragrances in aquatic environment samples, human milk and human adipose tissue as highly lipophil with human lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Salmonella mutagenicity of musk ambrette depends on both microsomal and bacterial enzyme activity.

Former studies revealed musk ambrette as a mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in the presence (+S9) but not in the absence (-S9) of an exogenous metabolizing system. To clarify the role of bacterial nitroreductases (NR) in the toxification of musk ambrette to mutagenic metabolites the compound was examined with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay using the NR deficient strain S.typhimurium TA 100 NR in the presence and absence of S9. Musk ambrette showed mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 (+S9) but no mutagenicity in the NR deficient strain TA 100 NR (+S9). Additionally, no mutagenicity was detected in both TA 100 (-S9) and TA 100 NR (-S9). These results indicate the need for both mammalian microsomal enzymes and bacterial nitroreductases to cause the mutagenicity of musk ambrette.

Dinitrobenzenes↗