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V Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to V Moreno.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A comparative analysis of cancer prevalence in cancer registry areas of France, Italy and Spain.

A comparative analysis of cancer prevalence in France, Spain and Italy is presented as part of the EUROPREVAL project. The three countries are culturally and sociologically relatively homogeneous compared with Europe as a whole. However, in all three countries, the cancer registries (CRs) providing the data for prevalence calculation cover only small fractions of the populations, and have been operating for relatively short periods. This leads to problems of representativity and to prevalence underestimates as surviving cases diagnosed before operation of the CR are not recorded. Partial prevalences obtained directly from CR data were therefore corrected using a completeness index obtained by modelling to provide estimates of the complete prevalence. For CRs operating for only 5 years, only approximately half the prevalence was observed. Thus, due to the rather recent start of most of southern European CRs, the role of correction is very important. The prevalence of all cancers was highest in Italy for women and in France for men, while lowest in Spain. Differences in the age structures of the populations were the major cause of these discrepancies and after age adjustment only the prevalence of stomach cancer remained highest in Italy, although differences in incidence also contributed to the prevalence differences. Survival varied little between the three countries and differences in incidence are more important determinants of prevalence. Prevalence of cancer in the elderly represents an increasing load for the community, particularly for France, Italy and Spain due to the ageing population in these countries. Elderly patients with cancer frequently suffer from problems of co-morbidity and disability factors, thus placing a burden on the local medical system where this proportion is high. Prevalent cases diagnosed 1-5 years before the prevalence date formed approximately one-third of the total prevalence, with higher proportions for melanoma, and prostate cancer in males and breast and colorectal cancer in females, and lower proportions for uterine cancer. This subset of the prevalent population consists of those probably on intensive follow-up, or being treated for cancer recurrence or sequelae to primary therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A case-control study of gastric cancer in Venezuela.

A case-control study to evaluate risk factors for gastric cancer was carried out among 292 cases of gastric cancer and 485 controls in a high-risk area of Venezuela. Subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, which elicited information on residential history, socio-economic status, family history of gastric diseases, smoking, drinking and dietary habits. Habitual diet was estimated from a meal-structured food frequency questionnaire on 75 food items. There was a strong inverse association with social class, as measured by education and by indicators of poverty. The results of the dietary analysis suggest that a diet high in starch and low in meat, fish and fresh vegetables increases risk of gastric cancer. A protective effect was observed for frequent consumption of allium vegetables. Inverse associations were found with height, which may reflect nutritional status in childhood, and with refrigerator use in the first two decades of life. Alcohol and tobacco consumption was investigated among males only, since the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use was very low in females. Alcohol drinkers were at higher risk than non-drinkers and there was a small excess risk for current smokers compared with never smokers. There was some evidence of familial aggregation of gastric cancer. These findings will have important implications in planning preventive strategies for gastric cancer in Venezuela.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dichloro(d-methionine-n,s)platinum(ii) at 130 k.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [PtCl2(C5H11NO2S)], a D-methionine derivative, contains two molecules with opposite chirality at the S atoms. The amino acid acts as a bidentate ligand and coordinates simultaneously through the N (amino) and S (thioether) atoms. The molecules are packed in pairs which are connected through two hydrogen bonds between the protonated carboxyl groups, with O.O distances of 2.633 (10) and 2.663 (12) A.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2001

Promoter hypermethylation of the DNA repair gene O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is associated with the presence of G:C to A:T transition mutations in p53 in human colorectal tumorigenesis.

Defects in DNA repair may be responsible for the genesis of mutations in key genes in cancer cells. The tumor suppressor gene p53 is commonly mutated in human cancer by missense point mutations, most of them G:C to A:T transitions. A recognized cause for this type of change is spontaneous deamination of the methylcytosine. However, the persistence of a premutagenic O(6)-methylguanine can also be invoked. This last lesion is removed in the normal cell by the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). In many tumor types, epigenetic silencing of MGMT by promoter hypermethylation has been demonstrated and linked to the appearance of G to A mutations in the K-ras oncogene in colorectal tumors. To study the relevance of defective MGMT function by aberrant methylation in relation to the presence of p53 mutations, we studied 314 colorectal tumors for MGMT promoter hypermethylation and p53 mutational spectrum. Inactivation of MGMT by aberrant methylation was associated with the appearance of G:C to A:T transition mutations at p53 (Fischer's exact test, two-tailed; P = 0.01). Overall, MGMT methylated tumors displayed p53 transition mutations in 43 of 126 (34%) cases, whereas MGMT unmethylated tumors only showed G:C to A:T changes in 37 of 188 (19%) tumors. A more striking association was found in G:C to A:T transitions in non-CpG dinucleotides; 71% (12 of 17) of the total non-CpG transition mutations in p53 were observed in MGMT aberrantly methylated tumors (Fischer's exact test, two-tailed; P = 0.008). Our data suggest that epigenetic silencing of MGMT by promoter hypermethylation may lead to G:C to A:T transition mutations in p53.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

[Trends in cancer mortality in Catalonia (1975-1998)].

BACKGROUND: Aimed at assessing recent trends of cancer mortality in Catalonia (Spain), we analysed mortality rates for main tumour locations in men and women between 1975 and 1998. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Registry of Catalonia. For each sex, age-standardized (standard world population) mortality rates were determined by means of the direct method, and generalized lineal models with Poisson distribution were adjusted to obtain annual change percentages. RESULTS: In men, the overall cancer mortality (except skin non-melanoma) was highest within 1991-1992 (age-standardized rate: 181.39/100,000) and decreased thereafter until 169.47/100,000 in 1995-1996. Lung cancer was the main cause of cancer mortality, displaying a 4% annual increase until 1989-1990, and a subsequent stabilization (-0.5% annual between 1989 -1990 and 1997 - 1998); Colorectal cancer was the second cause of cancer death, both in men and women, with a mortality rate stabilization since the 1990s. Prostate cancer became the third cause of cancer death in 1997-1998. In women, overall cancer (except skin non-melanoma) mortality rate was of 77.98/100,000 in 1997-98, showing a 0.9% annual decrease since 1989-1990. Breast cancer was the chief cause of cancer death within 1997-1998: after a sustained increase since 1975-1976, mortality started to decline (-2.0% annual) since 1989-1990. Lung cancer became the third cause of cancer death among women within 1997-1998, just after breast cancer and colorectal cancer, while gastric and uterine cancer became the fourth and fifth cancer death causes during this period, respectively. CONCLUSION: After years of a steady increase, mortality rates for main cancer types stabilized since 1989-1990 in Catalonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Incidence and survival of leukemias according to the different histologic subsets, in Tarragona, Spain, between 1980-1994].

BACKGROUND: To study the incidence and survival of leukemias according to the different histologic types in Tarragona, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Analysis of the information obtained from the Cancer Registry of Tarragona (Spain) between 1980-1994. The leukemias were classified in: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The estimated incidence rates have been adjusted to the worldwide population, the percentage of the incidence annual change through Poisson regression models and the relative survival using the registry of death rate of Catalonia. RESULTS: The adjusted rate for leukemias between the period 1990-1994 was 8.0 per 100,000 inhabitants in men and of 5.2 in women, being the CLL the most frequent subtype. Regarding the trend of incidence an increase of the CLL of 2.2% annual (CI 95%, 0.1-6.6) in men and of 7.7% (CI 95%, 1.4-14.4) in women was observed. In the remaining subtypes, there was no trend, but the non-classified leukemias decreased a -10.8% annual (CI 95%, -15.0 to -6.4) in men and a -9.9% annual (CI 95%, 15.4 to -4.0) in women. 5-year relative survival (RS5y) for the total leukemias was 37.7% in men and 45.3% in women. It stands out the CLL with a RS5y of 64.8% in men and of 75.7% in women and childhood ALL with a RS5y of 83.0% in boys and of 84.9% in girls. CONCLUSIONS: In Tarragona, Spain, an increase of the CLL incidence has been observed suggesting an improvement in the diagnosis, parallel to a decrease of the non-classified leukemias. The survival in this cohort of patients was similar to the that reported in other european registries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Towards a better understanding of the cisplatin mode of action.

We have studied how platinum(II) complexes [Pt(dien)Cl]Cl, [Pt(en)Cl2] and cisplatin react with hybrid molecules that contain sulfur and nitrogen ligands, in particular Phac-Met-linker-p5'dG (Phac = phenylacetyl), Phac-His-linker-p5'dG, Phac-His-Met-linker-p5'dG and Phac-His-Gly-Met-linker-p5'dCATGGCT. The progress of the reactions was monitored by HPLC, and by [1H,15N]-HSQC NMR when 15N-cisplatin was used. The products were isolated and characterised by using enzymatic and chemical reactions and spectroscopic techniques (UV and/or NMR spectroscopy, electrospray or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry). The combined use of digestion with proteases and reaction with hydrogen peroxide followed by mass spectrometric analysis indicated the platinum coordination positions on the peptide moiety of the largest hybrid. Monofunctional Pt-S adducts were transformed into Pt-N complexes in which Pt-N7 bonds were formed preferentially. Most of the chelates isolated had Pt-S bonds, and, in the case of cisplatin complexes, loss of the ammine trans to sulfur gave rise to the formation of tricoordinate species with platinum-mediated peptide-nucleotide cross-links. 1,2-Intrachain platinum GpG adducts were only obtained in very small amounts (1-4%).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Study of the interaction of cis-dichloro-(1,2 diethyl-3-aminopyrrolidine)Pt(II) complex with poly(I), poly(C) and poly(I) x poly(C).

The interaction of cis-dichloro-(1,2 diethyl-3-aminopyrrolidine)platinum(II) (Ptpyrr) with the polynucleotides poly(I), poly(C) and poly(I) x poly(C) acids was studied by circular dichroism, molecular fluorescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Multivariate Curve Resolution, a factor analysis method, was applied for the analysis and interpretation of spectroscopic data obtained in mole ratio and kinetics studies. This procedure allows the determination of the number of different interaction complexes present during the experiments and the resolution of both concentration profiles and pure spectra for all of them. Two different interaction complexes were observed at the experimental conditions studied. The first one, at low Ptpyrr:polynucleotide ratio (r(Ptpyrr:poly)) values, corresponds to the interaction of Ptpyrr with hypoxanthine bases in the poly(I) moiety. This interaction leads to the destabilization and dissociation of the double-stranded conformation. The second complex was observed at higher r(Ptpyrr:poly) values and corresponds to the interaction of Ptpyrr to cytosine bases in poly(C) moiety. The formation of both complexes showed that the interaction of Ptpyrr with hypoxanthine bases occurred at the first stages of the reaction and with cytosine bases at longer reaction times. The results obtained show the utility of the Multivariate Curve Resolution approach for the analysis of data obtained by monitoring spectroscopically the interaction equilibria of platinum compounds with nucleic acids.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMed2001

Recent decline in cancer mortality in Catalonia (Spain). A joinpoint regression analysis.

The aim of this paper was to analyse recent changes in cancer mortality in Catalonia (Spain) between 1975 and 1998 using joinpoint regression models. Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Registry of Catalonia. For each sex, age-standardised (standard world population) mortality rates were computed by the direct method, and joinpoint analysis was used to identify the best fitting points where a statistically significant change in the rates had occurred. In men, the overall cancer mortality (except skin non-melanoma) was highest in 1991 and decreased thereafter. Lung cancer was the main cause of cancer mortality, with an increase until 1989, and a subsequent levelling off (-0.8% annual between 1989 and 1998). Colorectal cancer was the second cause of cancer death, both in men and women, with a levelling-off of the rates since 1991 and 1989, respectively. In women, the mortality rate decreased for total cancer (except skin non-melanoma) since 1991 (-0.9% annually). Breast cancer increased until 1975, levelled-off and begun to decline since 1992 (-3.8% annual). Lung cancer increased since 1988 (+2.1%) and became the third cancer cause of death among women in 1998. These changes are mainly due to the decline of smoking prevalence in males, but not in females, and to the introduction of new diagnostic techniques and improved therapies for female breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Trends in smoking-related cancer incidence in Tarragona, Spain, 1980-96.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze recent trends (1980-96) in the incidence of smoking-related cancers among men and women in Tarragona, Spain. METHODS: Data were obtained from a population-based cancer registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were computed. Secular trends, between 1980 and 1996, were estimated using a Poisson regression model. From these figures, age, period, and cohort effects were assessed using the method proposed by Holford. RESULTS: The incidence of all smoking-related cancers combined increased significantly in both sexes. The annual increase was 3.0% in men and 4.5% in women. By sites the annual increase was 4.3% in oral cavity, 5.1% in pancreas, 2.5% in lung, 3.2% in bladder, and 7.7% in kidney cancers among men. Among women the corresponding increments were 7.0% in oral cavity, 7.3% in pancreas, 3.1% in lung, 2.1% in bladder, and 6.9% in kidney cancers. The increasing incidence of lung cancer in women was mostly due to the adenocarcinoma histological type. No increase was observed in esophagus and larynx cancer either in men or women. It was not possible to determine whether the increases are due to a period or cohort effect since the curvature analysis was found to be non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: All smoking-related cancers combined, except larynx and esophagus, are increasing in both sexes. The effect of tobacco, alcohol, and occupational exposure to carcinogens could explain the high rates of larynx, bladder, and upper digestive tract cancer in men. The rising incidence rates of lung cancer observed in younger women indicate a change in recent trends that is consistent with changes observed in smoking prevalence. Unless recent upward smoking trends in young women can be reversed, lung cancer in women will rise rapidly in the next few years. New smoking prevention strategies aimed at Spanish women, especially in the younger age groups, should be developed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Redefining the significance of aneuploidy in the prognostic assessment of colorectal cancer.

The aberrant content of DNA, or aneuploidy, is a hallmark of tumor cells and may be associated with malignant potential. Based on the hypothesis that aneuploidy, as a form of genetic instability, results in an increased capability to generate cell heterogeneity, we investigated whether a comprehensive assessment of aneuploidy extent and degree might be a reliable indicator of tumor aggressiveness. DNA content was determined by flow cytometry in the infiltrating front of 131 paraffin-embedded primary colorectal carcinomas collected in a prospective design. Enrichment of tumor cells by sample microdissection resulted in neoplastic cell contents above 75%. An estimate of aneuploidy, the aneuploidy index (AI), was calculated as the tumor DNA content adjusted by the percentage of diploid and aneuploid cells in G0/G1. Thirty-nine tumors were diploid, 90 hyperdiploid, and 2 hypodiploid. The mean AI in aneuploid tumors was 1.20+/-0.17 and correlated with Dukes' stage and metastasis (p < 0.05). A high AI (receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value greater than 1.14) predicted a poorer outcome in univariate (p = 0.004) and multivariate (p = 0.01) analyses. Based on these results, we postulate that aneuploidy is the molecular engine of progression in a subset of colorectal cancers, in which the AI seems to be a sensible and independent gauge of malignant potential. The AI determination may have prognostic application in colorectal cancer, especially in low-grade tumors, which might benefit from coadjuvant therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Papillomavirus research update: highlights of the Barcelona HPV 2000 international papillomavirus conference.

The 18th international papillomavirus conference took place in Barcelona, Spain in July 2000. The HPV clinical workshop was jointly organised with the annual meeting of the Spanish Association of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy. The conference included 615 abstracts describing ongoing research in epidemiology, diagnosis/screening, treatment/prognosis, immunology/human immunodeficiency virus, vaccine development/trials, transformation/progression, replication, transcription/translation, viral protein functions, and viral and host interactions. This leader summarises the highlights presented at the conference (the full text of the abstracts and lectures can be found at www.hpv2000.com). Relevant material in Spanish can be found at www.aepcc.org.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Brain SPECT with 201-thallium in AIDS patients].

UNLABELLED: Brain lymphoma is a late complication in AIDS. Lymphoma incidence is increasing in AIDS patients due to the introduction of HAART and prolongation of these patients' life expectancy. This work aims to evaluate the usefulness of brain SPECT with 201Tl in patients with AIDS who present focal brain lesions in computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Seventeen patients with neurologic symptoms and focal neurologic lesions in the CNS (central nervous system) were studied. The images were interpreted as positive when the intensity of the focal deposit of the tracer was greater than that of the adjacent tissue. The SPECT results were compared with serologic data, clinical evolution and/or radiologic follow-up and cerebral biopsy. RESULTS: SPECT images showed focal uptake of radiotracer in 3 patients. All three died shortly after the SPECT was performed. All of them had negative serology for toxoplasmosis. Four patients were diagnosed of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the ten remaining cases had a good clinical and/or radiologic response. CONCLUSIONS: Brain SPECT with 201Tl is a very useful non-invasive technique for the differential diagnosis of cerebral focal lesions in AIDS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Induction of apoptosis by the bis-Pt(III) complex [Pt(2)(2-mercaptopyrimidine)(4)Cl(2)].

We analyzed both the cytotoxicity and the type of cell death produced by the novel binuclear Pt(III) compound Pt-Spym ([Pt(2)(2-mercaptopyrimidine)(4)Cl(2)]) in kidney human fibroblasts and in human tumor cell lines (HeLa, CH1, CH1cisR and HL-60). The data showed that Pt-Spym displayed higher cytotoxicity against these tumor cells than cisplatin. In contrast, Pt-Spym had low toxicity against normal human fibroblasts. Interestingly, Pt-Spym circumvented cisplatin resistance in CH1cisR cells. We also observed that Pt-Spym induced the characteristic changes attributed to apoptosis in cells with normal levels of p53 protein (CH1 and CH1cisR) and with low levels of p53 protein (HeLa), but not in cells lacking p53 (HL-60). Interestingly, Western blot data indicated that apoptosis induction by Pt-Spym in HeLa, CH1, and CH1cisR cells was not associated with drastic changes in p53 levels. However, cis-DDP strongly decreased p53 levels in CH1 and CH1cisR cells and abolish p53 protein in HeLa cells. Altogether, these results suggest that induction of apoptosis by Pt-Spym requires the presence of p53 protein.

Annexins↗