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Biomedical subjects

V Moreno

Publications and source records attributed to V Moreno.

137 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA interaction and antitumor activity of a Pt(III) derivative of 2-mercaptopyridine.

The complex [Pt2(Spy-)4Cl2], where Spy- is deprotonated 2-mercaptopyridine, was prepared and analyzed spectroscopically. A single signal in the 195Pt NMR spectrum indicates the equivalence of the two Pt(III) ions. The interaction of this complex with DNA was studied by circular dichroism and the modifications caused by the complex in plasmid pBR322 DNA were imaged by atomic force microscopy. Preliminary results showed higher activity against HeLa and U937 tumor lines for the Pt-2-mercaptopyridine complex in comparison with cisplatin. The values of LC50 were lower than those obtained for cisplatin. Promising perspectives for this compound are expected due to its similarity with the analogous Pt and 2-mercaptopyrimidine antitumor compound.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cancer incidence estimation in Spain: period 1993-1996].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the number of incident cases of cancer in Spain between 1993 and 1996. METHODS: We used data on the incidence of cancer from nine Spanish population-based cancer registries published in the monograph Cancer incidence in Five Continents, vols. VI and VII (period 1983-92). The National Institute of Statistics provided mortality data (period 1983-96). Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the number of incident cases. The incidence/mortality ratio was modeled. To account for heterogeneity, the providence of residence was considered as a random effect. Other factors analyzed were sex, age and period. Model parameters were estimated using a Bayesian approach with BUGS software. Estimates were valdated by comparing the observed number of cases with those predicted by the model in the regions with cancer registry data. RESULTS: The average number of incident cases per annum for all cancer sites except non-melanoma skin cancer was 78,440 for men and 55,480 for women. The most frequent neoplasm in men was lung with 15,480 cases followed by bladder with 9,445 cases and colorectal with 8,876 cases. In women the most frequent cancer was breast with 13,490 cases followed by colorectal with 8,274 cases. These absolute frequencies showed an increasing time trend for all cancers and for the most frequent sites, with the exception of stomach and uterine cervix. Internal validation of the estimates allowed calculation of a relative error smaller than 10%. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first time that the number of incident cases of cancer in Spain has been estimated with methods that account for heterogeneity. These figures show the importance of cancer as a public health problem in our community.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Some methodological aspects of age-period-cohort models. Application to cancer mortality trends].

Age-period-cohort models are usually used in descriptive epidemiological studies to analyze time trends in incidence or mortality. The exact linear relationship between the three effects of these models has the effect of making the parameters of the full model impossible to estimate, which is called non-identifiability. In these notes two of the most frequently used methods to analyze age-period-cohort models will be explained. One is based on penalty functions and the other on estimable functions (drift and curvatures or deviation from linearity). Both methods will be illustrated with two examples in which temporal trends of breast and lung cancer mortality in women from Catalonia in Spain will be studied. These examples show how the methods based on penalty functions tend to attribute the trend exclusively to a cohort effect. Consequently, the use of methods based on estimate functions is recommended.

Age Distribution↗
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[The sociodemographic determinants of the tobacco habit and its cessation in the population of Cornellà de Llobregat].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between socio-demographic factors and smoking status in a population of Barcelona metropolitan area. METHODS: The study included 2,074 questionnaires from the health interview survey carried out in a representative sample of Cornellà during december 1993-november 1994. Only questionnaires of respondents older than 15 were included. A politomic logistic regression was used. Smoking status, classified as never smoker, actual smoker and former smoker, was considered the dependent variable and the sociodemographic factors, the independent variables. Socio-economic status was measured by educational level. RESULTS: The percentage of smokers in men was 46% while in women was only 22%. In men, the probability of smoking was higher in those men whose educational levels were lower (OR: 2.97); in women, no association was found between smoking and education. Unemployment increased the likelihood of being a smoker in both men and women (OR: 1.80). Women did smoke less than men in all age groups and educational levels except for women aged 15-44 with EGB or higher educational level. Educational level was not a significant factor in quitting smoking in either men or women. For both sexes, the greater the age the more likelihood there was of being an ex-smoker. Quitting was not associated with gender in any age or educational group. CONCLUSION: A similar prevalence of smoking in younger women and men of higher educational level suggests that gender differences are diminishing. In men, smoking was associated with educational level. Age is the principal determinant of quitting and neither educational achievement nor gender play a significant role in our study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor markers (CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21-1, SCC and NSE) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer as an aid in histological diagnosis and prognosis. Comparison with the main clinical and pathological prognostic factors.

CEA, CA 125, SCC, CYFRA 21-1 and NSE were prospectively studied in 211 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and compared with clinical parameters (age, sex, Karnofsky Index, symptoms and smoking status), histopathological parameters (stage, histology, tumor size and nodal involvement), biological parameters (LDH and albumin) and the therapy used (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy). Tumor marker sensitivity was CYFRA 21-1: 76%, CA 125: 55%, CEA: 52%, SCC: 33% and NSE: 22%. One of the tumor markers was abnormally high in 87% of the patients with locoregional disease and in 100% of the patients with metastases. Except for NSE, all tumor markers showed a clear relationship with tumor stage and histology and therefore enabled a better histological diagnosis. Abnormal CEA serum levels were mainly found in adenocarcinomas, CA 125 in large-cell lung cancers (LCLC) and adenocarcinomas and SCC in squamous tumors. Eighty-five percent of the patients with SCC levels >2 ng/ml had squamous tumors. Likewise, CA 125 levels <60 U/ml or CEA <10 ng/ml excluded adenocarcinoma or LCLC with a probability of 82 and 91%, respectively.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm grade III to invasive cervical cancer.

Data from four case-control studies on invasive cervical cancer and on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) that were concurrently conducted in Spain and Colombia were used to look for factors that might favor the progression from CIN III to the invasive stage. These studies were compared in two ways; a case-case comparison and an estimation of the ratio of odds ratios with the use of of special logistic regression model that took into account the different design of each study and possible confounding factors. Variables studied were human papillomavirus status, viral load, viral types, sexual behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, reproductive patterns, oral contraceptives, and smoking. Both CIN III and invasive cervical cancer have a very similar profile of risk factors and none of them was different in a consistent way to suggest a role in the progression from CIN III to invasive cervical cancer. Some methodological problems such as cohort-specific differences and some selection biases could be adjusted for with a careful statistical analysis. Other problems derived from the cross-sectional nature of the design are unavoidable and should be considered in the interpretation of the results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Propofol: ED50 and ED90 induction doses in pediatric anesthesia].

OBJECTIVE: To study ED50 and ED90 induction doses of propofol in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two children from 1 to 110 months of age and premedicated with pentobarbital 4 mg/kg participated in the study. Seven different doses of propofol (1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 mg/kg) were injected into the dorsal hand or foot vein in 30 seconds. We measured the response to application of the mask, corneal reflex and response to trapezius muscle compression 30 and 60 s after administration. A log-probit statistical analysis was used and complications were noted. RESULTS: The doses that produced 50% elimination of reflexes (ED50) or 90% elimination (ED90) in our patients were 1.74 and 3.95 mg/kg for response to mask; 2.47 and 4.26 mg/kg for elimination of corneal reflex; and 3.27 and 4.79 mg/kg for compression of trapezius. Frequency of pain upon injection was 74% and that of spontaneous movement was 12%. Apnea (breathing halted for longer than 20 s) occurred in 7% of our patients. We recorded no cases of broncho or laryngeal spasm, or skin rash. CONCLUSIONS: Induction with propofol is appropriate given the rarity of stimulant effects, but there is a high frequency of pain upon injection, limiting the usefulness of this drug for anesthetic induction in pediatrics. ED50 and ED90 varies depending on the stimulus assessed.

Age Factors↗