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Biomedical subjects

V N Malakhov

Publications and source records attributed to V N Malakhov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The quality of bacteriological detection and determination of drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the participants of the External Clinical Laboratory Study Quality Assessment made by the Federal System in 2002-2003].

The paper presents the results of the assessment of the quality of cultural detection and determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) sensitivity at Russia's public health laboratories, which has been made by the Federal System for External Assessment of the Quality of Clinical Laboratory Studies in 2002-2003. The "Bacteriological Detection" Section involved 102 laboratories, of them 57 laboratories also participated in the section "Detection of Drug Resistance". Sixty-three laboratories operated as part of specialized tuberculosis-controlling service facilities and 39 laboratories worked as part of general medical care therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions. A set of 5 lyophilized samples containing 2.5 x 10(6) M. tuberculosis H37Rv (n = 1); 2.5 x 10(4) M. tuberculosis H37Rv (n = 2); M. fortuitum (n = 1); E. coli in the mixture with autoclaving-killed M. tuberculosis H37Rv (n = 1). 77% of the laboratories could detect in the cultural sample with a high content of M. tuberculosis, by obtaining a correct result; 85% revealed MBT if only in every three MBT-containing samples; 15% of the laboratories could not find MBT in none of the three positive samples. 12% of the laboratories took the growth of microorganisms in the M. fortuitum-containing sample for that of M. tuberculosis. 58% of the laboratories obtained correct results if only in one sample containing M. tuberculosis H37Rv; 42% reported the detection of resistance to one or several antituberculous drugs in the samples containing the drug-sensitive strain H37Rv (a false drug resistance). All the results of determination of drug resistance (DR) in the M. fortium-containing sample were correct. The findings suggest that it is necessary to increase the professional competence of laboratory personnel to the level that ensures the adequate of fulfillment of the standard protocols for detecting MTB and determining DR, which have been introduced by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation through its order No. 109 on March 21, 2003.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2000

External quality assessment of urine analysis in Europe. Results of a round table discussion during the symposium 'From uroscopy to molecular analysis', Seeon, Germany, September 18-20, 1999.

Interlaboratory surveys on urine quantities have only recently been introduced in several European countries. Representatives of 10 European countries exchanged their experiences during an international urinalysis meeting held in September 1999. Although still not mandatory in most areas, more than 5000 laboratories participated in external quality assessment programs in the countries represented. Qualitative (test strips and microscopic morphology) as well as quantitative chemical and immunochemical quantities were included. The maximal allowable deviations are reported as well as methods used to determine target values. Consensus scales up to reference methods were applied. The participants agreed that quality criteria need to be defined separate from those already existing for plasma/serum analytes. Besides higher biological variables and different medical needs, less standardisation of methods to quantify urine constituents was observed as a major cause of higher interlaboratory differences.

Europe↗
PubMed2000

[Bringing criteria for external assessment of the quality of biochemical studies within the framework of the Federal System for External Evaluation of the Quality of Clinical Laboratory Studies, in conformity with requirements of the Order No. 45 of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2/7/2000].

Criteria for external assessment of the quality of evaluation of 23 biochemical parameters of the blood, meeting the standards of accuracy determined by the Order No. 45 of Ministry of Health of Russia of February 7, 2000 for intralaboratory quality control have been estimated. According to the data of the Federal System for External Evaluation of the Quality of Clinical Laboratory Studies, the percentage of results of analyses of test sera meeting these criteria has been estimated. Introduction of new criteria for external assessment of the quality of biochemical tests into the practice of the Federal System will not notably modify the currently used criteria with regard to the majority of biochemical parameters, except introduction of more stringent criteria for albumin and magnesium and less stringent for creatine kinase.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1994

Training of clinical laboratory professionals in Russia.

In Russia, specialized education of clinical laboratory physicians who work in the positions of medical technologists, head of laboratory or one of its divisions is conducted in various forms of postgraduate training, namely internship, primary specialization courses, advanced study courses, graduate clinical studies and postgraduate fellowship. Such education is offered at 14 Departments for Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, which are located within the Institutes for Advanced Medical Studies or at Faculties for Advanced Medical Studies in Medical Institutes. Until the present, the primary specialization courses and the advanced study courses have been the most prevalent forms of training clinical laboratory professionals. These two types of courses offer formal lectures, seminars as well as practical classes, and the course contents are regulated by a uniform curriculum promulgated by the Ministry of Health. Training in these courses is the necessary prerequisite to obtain degree of advanced qualification as an expert in clinical laboratory diagnostics, which in turn provides access to better remunerated positions.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1993

[The comparative characteristics of the distribution of the lipid component of the blood and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in men 20-54 years old in the cities of the CIS Nations and Estonia (a cooperative study)].

A comparative study of hypercholesterolemia and lipid distribution in males aged 20-54 randomly selected in one of the districts of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Kiev, Novosibirsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata and Bishkek has been performed. A comparative interpopulation analysis involved mean values of blood lipid spectrum: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLPC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLPC). TC, TG, LDLPC in blood were higher in European region and Siberia than in Middle Asia populations. These findings correlated with hypercholesterolemia prevalence. An average of 50% of European population studied need preventive treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The epidemiology of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their combination among the male population in the cities of different regions of the CIS Nations and Baltic states. A cooperative study].

The prevalence of risk factors (RF) to develop cardiovascular disorders alone and in combination has been studied in males aged 20-54 differing by occupation and education. They lived in various cities of CIS and Baltic States. It was established that RF alone and in combination are common among the male population. The risk is the highest in the group of males engaged in hard physical labour (p < 0.05) and in low-education subjects. In subjects with higher education RF are the lowest. RF alone and in combination proved higher in Europeans and Siberians compared to males living in the Central Asia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Significance of risk factors in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease in men living in different climatic-geographic areas of Russia, the CIS countries and the Baltic states (a cooperative study)].

The paper deals with the contribution of risk factors to the spread of coronary heart disease (CHD) among males living in various cities and towns of Russia, CIS countries and Baltic states. The examination of random representative samples of male populations established that risk factors, such as age, arterial hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipoproteinemia, and smoking (p < 0.05), make a significant contribution to the spread of CHD, including acute CHD. Age, arterial hypertension, and body weight (p < 0.01) also make a substantial contribution to the development of CHD. The risk factors play a greater role in the spread of CHD in Tallinn, Alma-Ata, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk than in Moscow and Ufa, but in the spread of acute CHD in Tallinn, Kaunas, Ufa, and Alma-Ata than in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Electrophoretic separation of high density lipoprotein subclasses in the presence of sodium tetraphenylborate].

It has been shown that the synthetic lipophilic anion, sodium tetraphenylboron, used at concentrations up to 15 mM causes modification of high density lipoproteins (HDL) by changing the electrophoretic properties of individual lipoprotein subclasses. The densitograms obtained after separation of sodium tetraphenylborate-modified HDL under non-denaturing conditions have a better resolution with respect to subclasses 2a and 2b, which markedly facilitates the analysis of the subfractional composition of lipoproteins.

Anions↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiology of ischemic heart disease as related to the main risk factors among the male population in various Soviet cities (a cooperative study)].

A study was made of the prevalence of coronary heart disease, risk factors (arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia, overweight, tobacco-smoking) and of the relation of coronary heart disease to the risk factors in men aged 20 to 39 years and 40 to 54 years, living in 8 cities of the USSR. The study was carried out on material of random representative samples. It has been established that the prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors is bigger among the populations living in the European part of the USSR and Siberia, being lower among the populations of Central Asia. The relationship between coronary heart disease and the risk factors is pronounced to a greater measure in arterial hypertension and overweight and to a less degree in other conditions. Besides, the relation of coronary heart disease to the risk factors is marked to a much greater measure among men belonging to the senior age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Interaction of sodium tetraphenylborate with serum lipoproteins].

An addition of tetraphenylboron (TPB) at low values of pH results in the formation of a cholesterol-rich pellet after centrifugation. The pellet contains 90-95% of whole serum cholesterol. The pH effectiveness sequences for TPB precipitation of low density lipoproteins are detected. It is assumed that TPB changes the distribution of the charges in the hydrophobic moiety of lipoproteins and increases their ability to precipitate.

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of specific hemosorption in acute experimental pancreatitis].

An effective method of plasma proteinases (trypsin, chymotrypsin. elastases) removal in dogs with acute pancreatitis has been suggested. The method is based on plasmasorption, using human urine acid-stable proteinase inhibitor immobilized on sepharose. The procedure of plasmasorption reduces proteinase levels in dogs with acute pancreatitis to 35-70%, with the animal life-span prolonged 8-fold.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Potential clinical use of an acid-stable proteinase inhibitor from human urine].

The method for the preparation of a specific proteinase adsorbent (acid-resistant human urinary proteinase inhibitor--UPI--immobilized on sepharose) has been developed. Proteinase adsorption using this adsorbent has proved highly effective in the treatment of acute pancreatitis with plasmasorption. High adsorption capacity of UPI-sepharose from plasma samples of patients with acute nonspecific aortoarteritis has been demonstrated in vitro. Determination of UPI activity in the human urine is an informative test for early tissue damage, as compared to plasma middle molecules assay. The former test may be used as a diagnostic technique in patients with parenchymal kidney injury and increased arterial pressure.

Acute Disease↗