PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V N Nasonov

Publications and source records attributed to V N Nasonov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Use of piperacillin-tazobactam in abdominal surgery].

Piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) was used in the monotherapy of 40 patients with various inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity organs. P/T was administered as dropwise intravenous infusions in a single dose of 4/0.5 g 3 times a day for 5 to 17 days. In 82.5 per cent of the patients with infection of the abdominal cavity: severe postoperative purulent wounds, peritonitis of various etiology (biliary, serous-fibrinous, hemorrhagic fibrinous), postnecrotic cyst of the pancrease, abscesses of the liver and subhepatic space P/T proved to be highly efficient. The P/T monotherapy resulted in practically complete eradication of anaerobic microbes, coagulase negative staphylococci, enterobacteria and nonfermenting bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the inflammation foci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of piperacillin/tazobactam on the anti-infection resistance in patients with infections in the peritoneal cavity].

The effect of the monotherapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) or tazocin on microflora of the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx of 33 patients and the contents of the large intestine of 21 patients as well as on the immunological aspects (cellular and humoral factors) of the antiinfectious resistance systems (AIRS) in patients with abdominal cavity infection (ACI) was studied. Before the treatment serious impairment of the AIRS in all the patients was observed. The P/T monotherapy in a daily dose of 12/1.5 g at the average for 10 days had no unfavourable effect on the indices characterizing the phagocytic function of the neutrophils in the incompleted and completed variants, on the immunocompetent cells, hemolytic complement and the levels of IgM, IgG and IgA. No significant effect of the treatment on the mucosal microflora on the whole was detected. However, Neisseria spp. and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum were eradicated in the pharynx while the number of the Klebsiella pneumoniae [symbol: see text] Escherichia coli isolates from the pharynx mucosa increased. The number of the bifidobacteria in the contents of the large intestine significantly lowered while the number of the hemolyzing forms of enterococci and stapylococci increased. The investigation of the AIRS immunological aspects in the patient groups of different total (clinicomorphological) efficacy showed that the neutrophil phagocytic function was the efficacy predictor and P/T in its turn had an immunomodulating effect on the neutrophil phagocytic activity in the patients with ACI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[A method of sequential (intravenous and oral) use of ofloxacin in the treatment of patients with infections of organs of the peritoneal cavity].

Clinico-laboratory estimation of the efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin used in succession, at first intravenously and then orally, in the treatment of 15 patients with infection of the abdominal cavity was performed. It was shown that after the use for a period of 10 years ofloxacin preserved its high antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with multiple drug resistance and remained superior to the majority of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents by the number of susceptible isolates. The successive use of ofloxacin proved to be highly efficient. The total efficacy of the drug amounted to 80 percent and no side effects were recorded. The analysis of the microbiological state of the antiinfectious resistance system (AIRS) showed that the dysbiotic lesions on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tracts and large intestine detected in all the patients before the treatment with ofloxacin remained after the treatment. However, a change in the microflora responsible for dysbacteriosis was observed. The investigation of the immunological status of the AIRS suggested that the good and satisfactory results of the therapy with ofloxacin could to a significant extent be due to the proportion of the active neutrophils.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Use of ofloxacin in the treatment of infections of the lower respiratory tract].

The taxonomy of the causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) isolated from patients in the Moscow Region was studied and the clinico-microbiological efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin used in their treatment were estimated. The microbiological tests of the sputum specimens from 168 patients with LRTIs most frequently detected gram positive cocci with the predominance of Streptococcus spp. (65.2 per cent) and in particular the Str. viridans group (57.7 per cent). Neisseria spp. and B. catarrhalis (18.1 per cent) were more frequent among the gram negative isolates. Gram negative bacilli were isolated in 14.3 per cent of the cases with the predominance of Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp. In 80.8 per cent of the cases the microorganisms were isolated in the form of 2-3-component associations. By the in vitro antimicrobial activity against 167 clinical isolates ofloxacin was superior to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and cotrimoxasol. Good and satisfactory clinical effects in the treatment of 29 patients with LRTIs were observed in 17 cases (70.8 per cent). Adverse reactions were stated in 3 patients (11.5 per cent). Superinfection due to ofloxacin resistant enterococci, S. pyogenes, Neisseria spp. and yeast-like fungi developed in some patients treated with ofloxacin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Maxaquin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of complicated and recurrent urinary infections in adults].

Clinical efficacy of maxaquin versus ciprofloxacin against complicated or/and recurrent urinary infections (62 patients primarily with chronic pyelonephritis with nephrolithiasis) proved higher (92.3% vs 80.0%) in equal microbiological activity (73.2% vs. 73.4%) of the drugs. Maxaquin was less active in enhancing the culture resistance. Both quinolones had no negative effects on the studied systems of the body's antiinfectious resistance and promoted partial correction of dysbiotic manifestations on the colon mucosa. Side effects of both drugs occurred with similar frequency and severity, starting earlier in administration of maxaquin. The authors offer to manage urinary infections in adults effectively with maxaquin in a dose 400 mg once a day and ciprofloxacin in a dose 500 mg twice a day by 7-14-day courses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Thienam (imipenem/cilastatin) as an agent for empirical antibiotic therapy].

The clinicobacteriological efficacy and tolerance of thienam (imipenem/cylastatin) were studied in the empirical therapy of 38 patients with severe purulent inflammatory diseases of various localization i.e. pneumonia, lung abscesses, pyothorax, peritonitis, abdominal abscesses, meningitis and brain abscesses. The treatment of all the patients with the drug was started before the data on the bacteriological investigation were available. Although the infections and the general state of the patients were extremely severe, the therapy with thienam proved to be efficient in 31 out of 35 cases (88.6 per cent) subjected to the drug efficacy estimation. The bacteriological diagnoses with respect to 24 out of 38 patients (64.7 per cent) were available later: 93.6 per cent of the isolates was sensitive to imipenem. The antimicrobial activity of imipenem against 254 clinical isolates assayed by the method of serial dilutions exceeded that of the majority of the currently used antimicrobial drugs, including aminoglycosides, 3rd generation cephalosporins and ureldopenicillins. The tolerance of thienam was good. Only in 4 out of 38 patients it was necessary to use some other drugs because of the side effects. Therefore, the use of the thienam is advisable as a drug of empirical monotherapy in patients with severe infections of the respiratory organs, abdominal cavity and central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A clinico-laboratory assessment of the efficacy of an Augmentin suspension in treating children with suppurative-inflammatory diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria].

Augmentin suspension (amoxycillin+clavulanic acid) was estimated in clinico-laboratory studies with respect to children suffering from pyoinflammatory diseases of various localization and its high efficacy was shown. Good and satisfactory results were recorded in 96.3 per cent of the cases in the treatment (monotherapy) and afterwards in the patients, adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting being recorded only in 1 patient. The therapy with augmentin led to normalization of the microflora of the upper respiratory tract mucosa and a 1.5-fold increase in the neutrophil engulfment index.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1991

[Antimicrobial activity of piperacillin in vitro].

There was an increase in the resistance of clinical isolates to piperacillin as compared to that in 1987-1988. It was shown on the kinetic models that there was difference in the effect of the inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of the drug on microorganisms in various growth phases. No post-antibiotic action against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a slightly pronounced dose-dependent effect with respect to Escherichia coli were noted.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic monitoring during aminoglycosides: optimal therapy method of individual amikacin dosing].

One of the most successful approaches to adjustment of dosage regimens on the basis of single determinations of drug contents in blood specimens provides the blood sampling at the "ideal" moment (t*), i. e. at the time equal to the inverse value of the elimination rate constant. The above version of the one-point method is applicable to drugs obeying the one-compartment model. In practice, however, it is never known a priori whether the individual pharmacokinetic profile (PKP) is monoexponential or not. An attempt was made to apply the one-point method to individual amikacin (Am) intravenous bolus dosing in 27 patients with PKPs described not only by mono- but also by biexponential equations. The individual doses (Dc) estimated on the basis of Am concentrations recorded at the "ideal", point (2.75 hours after the administration) by the equation Dc = Dp.Cp(t*)/Ci(t*) were compared to the doses (DCl) found on the basis of greater than or equal to 4 determinations of the Am concentration (within 0.5 to 6 hours after the administration), i. e. by the equation DCl = Dp.Cli/Clp, where: Dp is the population value of an Am dose (7.5 mg/kg); Cp (t*) is the population value of an Am concentration at t* (6.7 mg/l), Clp is that of the total clearance [81.2 ml/(h.kg)] and Ci (t*) and Cli are the individual values of an Am concentration and clearance, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the DCl vs. Dc estimates was equal to 0.87. In 17 patients with monoexponential PKPs it was higher (r = 0.99).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amikacin↗
PubMed1991

Correlations between aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic parameters and patient's factors: from statement to implication for individual dosage design.

Amikacin pharmacokinetics was studied in 20 critically ill patients after a single i.v. bolus dose (500 mg). The amikacin pharmacokinetic profiles were characterized by marked intra-individual variability. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis made it possible to establish statistically significant correlations between the amikacin total clearance (Cl) and 8 patient's factors such as the, age, sodium plasma content, plasma osmolarity, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, volumes of transfused plasma and blood, application of artificial lung ventilation (r2 = 0.98). The multiple regression equation for the Cl prediction provides reliable indirect estimation of the parameter. Thus, it appears possible to adjust the aminoglycoside dosage by taking into account 8 patient's factors, until the amikacin plasma concentration, time data are available.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Individualization of the amikacin administration regimen on the basis of the relationship between its pharmacokinetics and the patient's status].

Dosage individualization based on quantitative relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and anatomophysiological and/or pathological factors, patient's factors (PFs) is of importance in designing optimal regimens. Unfortunately, the attempts to correlate aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic parameters and PFs often failed perhaps due to insufficient numbers of PFs under investigation. That is why we sought to involve more PFs, especially nontraditional ones, for explaining intersubject variability of the amikacin model-independent parameter in 20 patients with purulent inflammatory processes. Amikacin plasma concentrations in specimens collected 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 hours after the drug administration (500 mg, i.v.) were determined with the FRIA-technique (TDx, Abbott). The mean values of the total clearance (Cl), steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) and the mean residence time (MRT) were 87.5 +/- 18.4 ml/(h.kg), 0.33 +/- 0.07 l/kg and 4.0 +/- 0.6 h, respectively. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis made it possible to establish statistically significant correlations between the Cl and 8 PFs, including age, sodium plasma concentrations, plasma osmolarity, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, volumes of transfused plasma and blood and artificial pulmonary ventilation (r = 0.99), as well as between the MRT and 6 PFs, including sex, plasma osmolarity, plasma creatinine concentrations, volumes of transfused plasma and artificial pulmonary ventilation (r = 0.94). Multiple correlations were also found between the area under the drug concentration/time curve and 11 PFs (r = 0.99). The coefficient of the multiple correlation between the Vss and volume of the transfused plasma proved to be much lower (r = 0.67). The multiple regression equation for the Cl prediction provided a reliable indirect estimation of the parameter individual values without the amikacin concentration data. Thus, it appeared possible to adjust the aminoglycoside dosage by taking into account 8 PFs before the TDM data were available.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in critical conditions: an individualized schedule of drug administration in relation to anatomo-physiologic and pathologic factors].

Azlocillin pharmacokinetics was studied after a single intravenous injection of the antibiotic in a dose of 4 g in 20 patients in critical state. To elucidate the causes of significant individual variability of the antibiotic pharmacokinetics observed in the patients, multiple correlation analysis of the main pharmacokinetic parameters i. e. the area under the concentration/time curve, total clearance, steady-state volume of distribution and mean residence time was performed in regard to the "patient factors" such as sex, age, the volumes of transfused liquid, blood, plasma and blood substitutes, hemoglobin levels, erythrocyte count and ESR. Adequate correspondence of the predicted by the "patient factor" values of the areas under the concentration/time curve and the total clearance to the actually determined values was observed. Correspondence of the predicted values to the steady-state volume of distribution and the mean residence time to the actually determined values was satisfactory. A procedure for design of azlocillin individual dosage regimens based on calculating individual clearance by the "patient factors" is described.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative activity of new semisynthetic penicillins and their combinations with gentamycin against gram-negative bacteria].

Comparative antibacterial activity of two novel ureidopenicillins (azlocillin and piperacillin), carbenicillin and ampicillin against 170 clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae and 43 strains of Pseudomonadaceae was studied. Higher antibacterial activity of azlocillin and piperacillin evident from lower frequency of resistant strains and lower MICs for the majority of the isolates was shown. Impact of the inoculum size on the MIC values was observed with respect to all the penicillins. The study on the kinetics of Pseudomonadaceae death under the effect of azlocillin and carbenicillin revealed an increase in the bacteria growth after 6- to 8-hour contact with therapeutic concentrations of azlocillin and 4-hour contact with carbenicillin. Nor renewal of the culture growth was observed within 10-hour contact with combinations of the penicillins and 2 micrograms/ml of gentamicin.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin during hemosorption and hemodialysis].

The influence of hemosorption and hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin was studied in 20 patients with chronic and acute renal insufficiency. The integral mean value of the antibiotic extraction coefficient in hemosorption was approximately 2 times higher than that in hemodialysis. In the first case the value of this parameter systematically lowered with time (the constant of the process rate amounted to 0.89 h-1), while in the second case it was constant.

Cefazolin↗