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Biomedical subjects

V N Shvalev

Publications and source records attributed to V N Shvalev.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Age and changes in the adrenergic nerve supply of the lungs and various clinical aspects of the problem].

By means of classical neurohistological techniques and methods for revealing cholinergic and adrenergic neural plexuses, the development of pulmonary innervation has been studied in embryos and fetuses of the human being and rabbit. The mediatory stage in development of the pulmonary innervation begins on the 3d month of the human intrauterine development. The next important stages are the middle of the prenatal development and the 7th month of pregnancy, when an essential complication of the lung innervation takes place. By birth the neural apparatus of the human and rabbit lung is mainly formed, nevertheless, in 15% of newborns its underdevelopment occurs. This may be a predisposing factor for development of certain pathological processes, in particular, pneumosclerosis, and is demonstration of defective formation of the pulmonary parenchyma in some newborns. The principle on coincidence of the beginning of the mediatory stage in the development of the neural plexuses and the beginning of the fetal stage are supposed by the analysis of the pulmonary innervation development in the rabbit.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1985

[Nerve elements of the heart of the rat after right-sided vagotomy].

A quantitative electron microscopical investigation of the sinus node of the atrioventricular His' bundle and of the perinodal working myocardium in intact rats and 7, 15 and 30 days after right-sided vagotomy has revealed variable character of changes in the neural elements of the zones mentioned. Certain ultrastructural rearrangements in the neural apparatus are described; they reflect a combination of destructive and regenerative processes in the heart under vagotomy. Thirty days after the operation, regeneration of the neural elements in the sinoauricular area is of restorative and in the atrioventricular area--of excess character. The data are presented on dynamics of changes in the diameter of the amyelinated neural fibers in the cardiac areas investigated. Participation of both nervi vagi in innervation of the main and additional pacemakers of the organ is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in the adrenal medulla of the rat during immobilization stress].

A combined histofluorescent, light optic and electron microscopic investigation has been performed to study the medulla of the adrenals in intact rats (August strain) and immediately after immobilization for 30 h and 24 h after. In the intact animals heteromorphism of the medulla is demonstrated; this depends on the fact that adrenocytes are at different stages of the secretory cycle. Immobilization for 30 h results in synchronization of secretion; this is determined by adaptation of the adrenal system to immobilization. One day after immobilization restoration of heteromorphism in chromaffinocytes is demonstrated. The changes described are compensatory-adaptive reactions of the adrenal medulla to the stress in the animals survived.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1984

[Ultrastructure of various ganglia of autonomic nervous system of the human embryo at the beginning of the mediator stage of ontogeny].

Neural ganglia of the heart and stomach, paravertebral and spinal ganglia have been studied electron microscopically in 8-10-week-old human embryos. Amateur neurons in the ganglia are at various stages of differentiation and sometimes they are not divided with glia. In the cardiac ganglia the most mature neural elements are defined, comparing to other ganglia studied. It is demonstrated both in the developmental degree of cellular organelles, including those of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and in manifestation of the glial tunic. Synaptic contacts at the stage of their formation are revealed in the intracardiac and sympathetic (paraventral) neural ganglia.

Ganglia, Autonomic↗
PubMed1984

[Interneuronal and nerve-tissue connections in human sympathetic ganglia].

Twelve human cervical-thoracic sympathetic ganglia have been studied 3 h after a sudden death. Peculiar osmophilic bodies in the neuronal mitochondria have been revealed electron microscopically. In the preparation successive stages of these bodies formation are seen. Ultrastructure of afferent neural terminals adjoining the sympathetic neuron bodies but divided from them with a gap space is described. The structure of the receptors in the ganglia and that of the sympathetic contacts are compared, the latter are predominantly axodendritic.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

[Current views on the role of the autonomic nervous system in cardiovascular pathology].

The data obtained over recent years with regard to the time course of changes in different heart tissues occurring due to primary lesions of the nervous system are presented. The disorders caused by irritation of different parts of the nervous system particularly its vegetative part are considered. A group of tissue changes occurring after partial or complete denervation of the organ is described. Along with stereotype lesions some specific features are found in the heart in both types of affection of nerve-tissue relationships. Another approach of morphological studies refers to secondary changes of the nervous apparatus of the heart in diseases and involvement of the cardiovascular system. It has been shown, in particular, that myocardial infarction or the development of rheumatic heart defect are followed by reaction of intracardial nerve plexus sometimes terminating in their partial destruction which aggravates the course of the disease.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1981

[Electron microscopy and histochemical study of the neural apparatus of the heart in experimental myocardial infarct].

Electron microscopic study of intraorgan nervous ganglia and histochemical investigation of adrenergic innervation of rabbit heart in experimental myocardial infarction has been carried out. Changes in ganglia are shown to develop first of all in neuron bodies. Disturbances in ultrastructure of synaptic contacts are, as a rule, found from the third day of myocardial infarction. The amount of mediator in adrenergic terminalia is being reduced and there is a change in its distribution along the nerve fibers not only in the zone of the myocardial infarction but also in the zones beyond infarction. Intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin favours a retaining of the mediator in the neuronal depot.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Sudden cardiac death in alcoholic cardiomyopathy].

A composite morpho-histo-biochemical and ultrastructural investigation of the myocardium of 50 subjects dying suddenly in the presence of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACMP) was carried out. The dynamics of changes in the myocardium in the development of ACMP is shown indicating that the main feature of the heart in such cases is diffuse uneven atrophy of cardiomyocytes with their replacement by fatty tissue. There are large foci of lesions in the heart stained by Regot's method and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase is changed reflecting metabolic disorders. The ultrastructural changes included vacuolation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, increased amounts of lipids and lysosomes, and intracrystal inclusions in the mitochondria. Examinations of adrenergic heart innervation revealed focal deficiency of noradrenalin in atrial and ventricular plexuses. There was a hypothalamic edema with severe disorders in ACMP. The set of the above lesions appears to explain the sudden death as each of these lesions alone cannot cause sudden death.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1981

[Problem of stability of adrenergic nerve plexuses within the isolated heart].

The adrenergic neural plexuses of the rat and dog hearts are incubated in glyoxylic acid to study them 5 and 6 hours after their isolation. It has been stated that about one-third of the adrenergic neural plexuses are preserved by the end of the experiment demonstrating their tolerance when the organ is isolated. While performing physiological observations with isolated hearts, it is necessary to take into account a relative preservation of the sympathetic neural component.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1980

[Changes in the intracardiac nerve plexuses in sudden death].

Neurohistoligical and histochemical study of 57 cases of sudden cardiac death and control material in the age aspect revealed deep changes in the intracardiac nerve plexuses. In cases of sudden cardiac death conjoint mosaic changes were seen in the microcirculation channel in which regions with empty capillaries and areas of blood stasis were found. In some of the cholinergic neurons signs of edema were seen and cholinesterase activity was reduced, though it was still high in the preterminal and terminal plexuses stretching along the conduction system and blood vessels and in the myocardium. The regional microcirculatory disorders may be linked with the neuroregulative metabolic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Mediator stage in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system in pre- and postnatal ontogeny and the importance of its study for clinical application].

In 1972 a new definition "mediatory stage" in the development of the vegetative nervous system during ontogenesis was introduced and it was stated that at the prenatal stage in the heart, along the course of magistral vessels, and into other organs begin to sprout up at first nervous truncs lacking in mediators, and then, beginning from 8--9 weeks (in man), the mediators appear at first in cholinergic and then in adrenergic plexus (V. N. Shvalev et al., 1972). In clinical embryonal mortality is especially great during the stage of premediatory development, that corresponds to the period of placentation. The beginning of the mediatory stage (the 3d month of prenatal life) is characterized by an intensive differentiation of the neural apparatus in the heart and its innervated structures. At first cholinergic and then adrenergic nerve plexus are formed, nevertheless, by the time of birth these plexus, especially adrenergic ones are not yet fully differentiated. During the first year of life there is noted a rather high rate of so called "sudden death". During the following 3--4 years there is a new intensive rise in differentiation of the cardiac cholinergic and adrenergic nerve plexus and by the 6--8th year of age the density of these plexus reaches its maximum (about 10%). This index is constant up to 40 years of age, and then a noticeable decrease in the density of adrenergic plexus takes place, while that of cholinergic plexus remains rather constant. After 60 years of age an involution takes place at first in adrenergic and then in cholinergic plexus, and the "postmediatory" stage occurs. The problem of "sudden death" is closely connected with the changes described for the mediators in the cardiac and vascular plexuses (V. N. Shvalev, R. A. Stropus and E. K. Morozov, 1978).

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1979

[Simple method of demonstrating adrenergic nerve structures in human and animal tissues using a glyoxylic acid solution].

A method for obtaining injection replications of microvessels for scanning electron microscopy using nonsaturated polyether resin PH-8 is described. Possible applications of the method in question to study microcirculatory bed are discussed. With resine PH-8 it is possible to obtain complete and detailed replications which give information on three-dimensional organization both of the microcirculatory bed and of the vascular microrelief peculiarities.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of reinnervation on the state of transplanted kidneys in dogs].

In the experiments lasted for 2 years, the effect of surgical reinnervation on the morphofunctional state of autotransplanted and denervated kidney was studied in 175 dogs. General morphological, impregnational, special neurohistological investigations and kidney scanning demonstrated that 2 months after surgical reinnervation of the autotransplantated and denervated kidneys, active sprouting of nerve fibers, adrenergic and cholinergic including, was started along the degenerated nerve trunks, and by the 4th month the nerve fibers reached the renal glomeruli, tubules and pelves. A rather complete restoration of the organic innervation resembling that of the intact organ provided stability of the general morphological structure in the reinnervated kidney, its functional ability and prevented atrophy, sclerosis and stable functional depression observed in cases of renal transplantation and denervation without surgical reinnervation. From this point of view, the problem of necessary active surgical reinnervation of the renal transplantation is discussed.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1976

[Innervation of the human internal carotid arteries under normal conditions and in stenosis].

The neurohistological investigation of a portion of the internal carotid artery removed in operation on the occasion of occlusion revealed afferent, cholinergic and adrenergic nerve elements randomly located in the examined area. The histochemical and electronmicroscopic investigation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion removed from 42 patient operated on the occasion of occlusion of the carotid artery revealed a depletion in the ganglia of synaptic active zones, focal absence of catecholamines and neurohistological materials suggests that a substantial role in the process of stenosing of vascular walls is played by sophisticated effects of innervation connections upon the vessel sheaths.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗