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Biomedical subjects

V Newman

Publications and source records attributed to V Newman.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

OH marketing--Part 1: The background.

OH practitioners are being asked to justify their services within organisations. In the first of two articles Christine Owen and Dr Victor Newman discuss ways of developing new approaches to the marketing of occupational health.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Small-for-gestational-age birth: maternal predictors and comparison with risk factors of spontaneous preterm delivery in the same cohort.

Low birth weight, the primary predictor of infant mortality and morbidity, can be a result of shortened gestation (preterm delivery) or fetal growth retardation (small for gestational age). We examined the relationship between maternal characteristics and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational age infant in 2228 women who participated in the University of California, San Diego Prenatal Nutrition Project between 1978 and 1988. A multivariate analysis indicated that significant risk factors for small for gestational age were cigarette smoking (odds ratio, 3.18), a low rate of maternal weight gain (odds ratio, 2.96), black ethnicity (odds ratio, 2.60), pregravid underweight (odds ratio, 2.36), Asian ethnicity (odds ratio, 1.88), primiparity (odds ratio, 1.85), and low maternal height (odds ratio, 1.63). These findings are contrasted with those previously published on preterm deliveries in the same cohort. We conclude that with the exception of black ethnicity and low maternal weight gain, different maternal characteristics were significantly associated with small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nutrient intake of low-income Southeast Asian pregnant women.

Dietary nutrient intakes of 91 Cambodian, 37 Laotian, and 59 Vietnamese low-income pregnant women attending a university teaching hospital outpatient clinic in Southern California were measured. The nutrient intakes of the Southeast Asian groups were compared with one another as well as with the intakes of a group of 165 low-income non-Southeast Asian pregnant women of similar height, weight, and age from the same outpatient clinic population. Computerized analysis of the 24-hour recall data showed that there were few differences in nutrient intake between the Southeast Asian groups, except that the Cambodian group consumed significantly less fat, riboflavin, vitamin D, and calcium than the Vietnamese group. However, there were a number of differences between the nutrient intakes of the Southeast Asian groups and those of the non-Southeast Asian group. These included significantly lower intakes of fat, riboflavin, folate, vitamins D and E, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium and significantly higher intakes of thiamin, niacin, sodium, and selenium. These findings suggest that low-income Southeast Asian pregnant women have some good dietary habits that dietitians need to reinforce and other dietary habits that need improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Maternal weight gain and preterm delivery.

This study examined the relationship between maternal weight gain and preterm delivery in 2163 women who participated in the Prenatal Nutrition Project at the University of California, San Diego between 1978-1986. Multivariate analysis of the data indicated that the risk of spontaneous preterm birth increased 60% in women with a low rate of weight gain (less than 0.27 kg/week) compared with those with an average rate (0.27-0.52 kg/week). Women with a low rate of gain were more than twice as likely to experience a preterm delivery as those with a high gain (higher than 0.52 kg/week); the odds ratio was 2.54 and 95% confidence interval was 1.49, 4.88. This difference in weight gain appeared after 20 weeks' gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements.

Nutritional requirements of pregnancy are reviewed, and guidelines for evaluating prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements are provided. Daily antepartum supplementation of 0.4-0.8 mg of folic acid and 30-60 mg of elemental iron is currently recommended, although the lower ends of these ranges may be most appropriate. Dietary intake of these nutrients is likely to be inadequate without supplementation, and their importance is well established. Requirements for other minerals and vitamins are not well established, and there is no consensus on the need for supplementation. However, available data suggest that prenatal supplements should probably contain other nutrients; pyridoxine hydrochloride, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, and possibly selenium should be considered. Interactions among the minerals and vitamins commonly found in prenatal supplements may affect the absorption of various nutrient components. Thus, very high or low levels of certain nutrients should be avoided. The chemical form of minerals should also be considered. Products should have demonstrated bioavailability for iron, zinc, and other components that are subject to bioavailability problems. Use of low-potency product that contains a wide range of vitamins and minerals appears to be the most prudent approach to prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Lectin histochemistry of nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour).

Paraffin sections of seven cases of nephroblastoma and one case of clear cell sarcoma were stained with a battery of eleven lectins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Lectin staining revealed similarities between blastema and stroma with respect to their content of glycoconjugates whereas blastema and epithelial cells exhibited major differences. In general, blastema and stroma contained glycoconjugates with terminal or penultimate beta-galactose, glycoconjugates having either biantennary or triantennary N-linked sugar chains or both, sialoglycoconjugates, and occasionally glycogen. Epithelial cells also showed these complex carbohydrates but stained additionally for terminal disaccharide galactose-(beta 1----3)-N-acetylgalactosamine, terminal alpha-galactose and terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine. Furthermore, staining with three fucose-binding lectins revealed that the linkage between terminal alpha-fucose residues to the constituent oligosaccharide chains varied between epithelial cells, blastema and stroma. In general, the distribution and content of glycoconjugates in tumour cells comprising clear cell sarcoma resembled that in blastema and stroma of nephroblastoma. Other findings included differences in content of glycosubstance between cuboidal and columnar cells within the same tumour. Also observed were variations between a primary tumour and its metastasis with respect to the occurrence of certain complex carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of nutrition in the prevention of preeclampsia. Review of the literature.

Preeclampsia has been called a disease of theories. One theory proposes a complex relationship between nutritional imbalance and the pathophysiology of this disease. The theoretical importance of selected nutrients is considered through reference to several recent basic research studies and clinical trials. With the clinical prevention of preeclampsia as a focus, suggestions for outpatient nutritional counseling, dietary alteration, and nutrient supplementation will be offered.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical advances in the management of severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

The nutritional status of the woman with hyperemesis of pregnancy has been compromised by decreased food intake and increased nutrient loss. Depending on the severity of symptoms, interventions may begin with dietary and life-style alterations, proceed to oral nutritional supplementation or pharmacologic preparations, and continue on to intravenous vitamin-mineral therapy and either enteral tube feedings, parenteral nutrition, or both. These therapies, and the role of the nurse in initiating or supporting them, are described.

Antiemetics↗