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V Nicaud

Publications and source records attributed to V Nicaud.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Reliability of reported family history of myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of reported family histories of myocardial infarction. DESIGN: A case-control study in which reported histories of first degree relatives were validated from death certificates, general practitioners' records, and hospital notes. SETTING: Participants enrolled in the Belfast centre of the World Health Organisation's study monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA). SUBJECTS: 200 men who survived myocardial infarction and 200 age matched controls drawn randomly from the population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and proportion of overall agreement with validated records of reported family histories of myocardial infarction in first degree relatives; odds ratios for myocardial infarction, given at least one reported relative or at least one verified relative being affected. RESULTS: 349 of the 400 probands provided detailed family histories, reporting on 2812 first degree relatives. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of reported histories were 67.3%, 96.5%, and 70.5% for cases and 68.5%, 97.7%, and 73.8% for controls. The kappa coefficients were modest: 0.65 for cases and 0.68 for controls. The odds ratios for myocardial infarction, given at least one affected relative, were not substantially inflated by recall bias. Some recall bias was evident for the probands' reports of their siblings' histories of myocardial infarction, the odds ratio for a reported history being 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 2.57) and for the validated history 1.54 (1.01 to 2.37). CONCLUSIONS: Although the relative risk of disease is correctly estimated, the predictive accuracy of a casual family history of myocardial infarction may limit the effectiveness of targeted screening programmes. They may, however, complement other strategies based on genetic testing.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Deletion polymorphism in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with parental history of myocardial infarction.

In a European study an insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been shown to be associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). In the same study, we investigated the association of the polymorphism with a parental history of fatal MI. There was an excess of both DD (odds ratio 2.6, p = 0.02) and ID (odds ratio = 1.9, p = 0.08) genotypes among those having a parental history of MI, confirming that genetic variation in the ACE locus could be involved in the risk of MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Inference of the strength of genotype-disease association from studies comparing offspring with and without parental history of disease.

The association between genetic polymorphisms and a multifactorial disease is generally investigated by case-control studies. However, inference about the genotype-disease association can also be drawn from studies comparing offspring having a parental history of disease with offspring having no parental history. In such studies, differences in genotype frequencies between the two groups of offspring will reflect a different transmission of alleles from affected and unaffected parents. We showed that in offspring studies, the odds ratios (ORs) associated with heterozygous and homozygous genotypes are related by the formula: OR(het) = (OR(hom) + 1)/2. These ORs depend only on the allele frequencies in affected and unaffected parents, and not on the pattern of genotype-disease association. Under simple patterns of association, it is possible to infer from the ORs observed among offspring, the expected ORs for the disease. The decrease of power of offspring studies by comparison with classical case-control studies is evaluated, and an application is given on the association between the apoE polymorphism and coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Posttraumatic disablement: a prospective study of impairment, disability, and handicap.

This study was designed to evaluate both the frequency and the course of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps resulting from trauma. It was conducted in Aquitaine, France, on a sample of 1005 trauma patients (mean ISS, 10.5 +/- 0.3) in which severe trauma (ISS > 25) was rather overrepresented (169 of 1005). A prospective follow-up of disablement according to the WHO classification was based on medical examinations performed 6 and 12 months after the trauma. Of 664 survivors reviewed at 6 months, the findings were cross tabulated with Injury Severity Score (ISS) and age. There was a good relationship between ISS and the mean length of stay in the hospital (r = 0.46; p < 0.001), the duration of rehabilitation, and the time away from work or school. Out of this sample of 1005 patients with rather major injuries, 73% of the survivors suffered from at least one impairment, with a consistently lower frequency in children whatever the severity. At least one disability was encountered in 52.3% of these patients depending on both ISS and age. Handicap was noted in at least 26% of the cases. Between the sixth month and the end of the first year, the minimal handicap regression was 35.8%, whereas the minimal regression of the disability rate was 19.5%. The best improvement was observed essentially in the low ISS categories. Whereas for minor trauma the course of disablement seems to be fixed 1 year after the injury, such is not the case for severe trauma.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1989

Incidence, causes and severity of injuries in Aquitaine, France: a community-based study of hospital admissions and deaths.

This paper reports the results of a study of injuries conducted during a one-year period within a defined geographic population of 2.7 million persons (Aquitaine, France). Cases were defined as unintentional or intentional injuries, either resulting in immediate death before reaching hospital or requiring hospital admission. During the one-year period, 1,181 deaths were registered and 8,190 hospital admissions occurred during the sample periods. The three leading causes of injury were falls (40 per cent), traffic accidents (27 per cent), and poisonings (15 per cent). The overall incidence of injuries was 136 per 10,000 person years. Incidence by sex and age was assessed for the main external causes. The ratios of nonfatal to fatal cases were calculated by sex and age and by external cause. The origin of the injury was suicide in 14 per cent of cases and assault or homicide in 3 per cent. The severity of injuries, assessed using an automatic computation of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), ranged from 1 to 66 with a mean of 6.9. Substantial variations of ISS were observed according to external cause. At the 8th day following admission, 31 per cent of hospital-treated patients were still hospitalized and 0.8 per cent had died in hospital. The outcome correlated well with the ISS.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1989

[Injuries and poisoning caused by various types of activities. Epidemiologic survey on death and hospitalization in Aquitaine].

From the data of a survey conducted in 1986 within the French area of Aquitaine and based on a representative sample of injuries having led to immediate death or hospitalization, different types of injuries were compared. Domestic and recreational accidents constituted the leading cause (41%) of injuries, followed by traffic accidents (28%) and suicides (13%). The overall ratio of immediate deaths to hospitalizations was 1 to 30 (1 to 10 for suicides, 1 to 20 for traffic accidents and 1 to 80 for domestic accidents). The overall annual incidence was 131 per 10,000 (respectively 20, 34 and 53 for suicides, traffic accidents and domestic accidents). The incidence by sex, age and type of accident was assessed. Among hospitalizations, about 3/4 of domestic and school accidents were falls; 45% of work accidents were cutting-piercing or being struck by an object, and 40% were falls; 90% of attempted suicides were poisonings. Using the Injury Severity Score (ISS), severity of injuries was the highest in traffic accidents. Traffic accidents also led to the highest hospital mortality within eight days (1.6%).

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

[Injuries requiring anesthesia. An epidemiologic survey].

An epidemiological survey carried out in 460 public and private institutions chosen at random country-wide in France made it possible to study injuries whose treatment had necessitated an anaesthetic. For 1980, the total number of anaesthetics administered for injuries was estimated at 450,600, among which 22% were applied in public teaching hospitals, 40% in non teaching hospitals, and 38% in private institutions. Of the total number of anaesthetics given, 41% were emergencies and 10% were repeat operations. The proportion of anaesthetics applied in treatment of injuries increases in the summertime and on weekends. There was a majority of male patients (61%), the most important group being those 15 to 24 years of age. Among females, the highest proportion of injuries was observed among those between 75 and 84 years of age. Fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, open wounds for 20%, dislocations, sprains and strains for 10%. The incidence of injuries varied according to sex and age. Those exposed to the highest risk were males between 15 and 24, and females over 75. Incidence rates by sex and age were also assessed for fractures of the skull and face, upper limb, neck of the femur and lower limb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The role of a cultural factor in the educational practices of mothers of young children].

Through 3 groups of mothers, defined as belonging to 3 different geographical areas which are considered to represent cultural heritage, a series of educational practices towards infant under one year of age was studied. Among factors acting on practices which further the infants' contacts with others and exploration of environment, the usual sociodemographic characteristics play a part which is not greater than the one of the personal mother's dynamic and mostly of the cultural context (geographical area), which occurs as the first variable in a stepwise regression. When the child is 3 years old, durability of the maternal behavior is brought to the fore. The authors discuss the repercussion of these differences on the future of the children belonging to each of these groups.

Child Rearing↗
PubMed1986

[AIDS mortality in France].

A study about mortality by AIDS had been undertaken since July 1st 1983, in the Service of Information on Medical causes of Death (INSERM SC8), which is in charge of developing mortality statistics in France. From July 1st 1983 to September 30th 1985, 243 deaths due to AIDS were recorded. Only the cases where this diagnosis was clearly mentioned were selected; more than 90% were notified by hospitals and mainly by highly specialized services. The number of deaths, which was low and varied rather irregularly at the beginning, then increased by successive stages. The first year, during which a tenth of deaths was recorded every three months, was followed by a great increase, doubling, then tripling the initial numbers. Lastly, a second and sudden rise occurred during the third trimester of 1985, the trimestrial number of deaths due to AIDS reaching 80.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Breast feeding. Nature of the choice].

The choice of breast feeding was studied in a sample of 1,954 mothers of urban and rural areas investigated in 1978 during the first year of life of their child. Women who chose breast feeding were more often urban, highly educated, mothers of one child, well medically supervised and happy during pregnancy. They were more concerned by the way their child fed and about his general status. The group of women who stated that they could not breast-feed showed a high percentage of health problems. On the contrary, those who refused were in a good state of health.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

[Contraception and the use of care systems].

A study has been made of the frequency of the use of contraceptive methods and the methods used (oral contraception, intra-uterine device and other methods). This was carried out on 2000 women aged between 20 and 44 who had not been sterilised, were not pregnant, who lived in towns and in the country. The following variables were studied: the age, the socio-professional class, the zone in which they lived, the way antenatal care had been carried out (the number of antenatal visits and preparation for labour), the number of times they had seen a gynaecologist during the pregnancy, how the baby had been looked after in its first year of life and how often it had seen a paediatrician. A statistical analysis made it possible to categorise the variables that were studied in their relationship to medical contraception. This shows that as regards age, educational level and social status medical contraception was always better in towns than in the country. On the other hand, when women in the country do use medical contraception they go to the gynaecologist much more often than their town sisters do without any particular result from these consultations. Finally, medical contraception is not linked to other medical attention. This tends to confirm that contraception can be used as a prognostic element to show how well the woman will be looked after in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Factors determining health practices: prenatal care in rural and urban environment].

A 1978 study of prenatal care patterns in one area of France showed that frequent visits to specialists was the dominant pattern in urban areas, whatever the socioeconomic characteristics, or conditions of health, of the women. In rural areas, however, the patterns adopted varied markedly according to health problems encountered during pregnancy. In the absence of illness, 64% of rural women went to their general practitioner for a reduced number of prenatal visits; when health problems were perceived, however, their practices became more similar to those of city women. These variations remained after allowing for socioeconomic and cultural differences. Overall, patterns adopted varied significantly according to area of residence.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Influence of the educational course on the future of young persons thought to be mentally deficient].

A survey of mental deficiency among children was carried out in 1967 in the department of Haute-Vienne by the Centre International de l'Enfance and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale. A representative sample of the children was examined, with data recorded under paediatric, social, and psychological (including an intelligence quotient test, the "WISC") criteria. This study was resumed in 1974 and 1978 in order to determine how the children--by then, between 20 and 26 years of age--had fared. Among the 325 studied, it appears that those educated in specialized facilities succeeded less well than those who followed a normal curriculum. Only 39% of the former vs 58% of the latter won a diploma; 27% vs 17% were fired from jobs; 23% vs 9% experienced adaptation difficulties at work. Even when the IQs and the socioprofessional category of the parents are the same, the differences concerning diplomas (particularly in general, as opposed to professional, education) persist, as do problems in the workplace.

Adult↗