Luis García Ballester and Galen.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V Nutton.
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Hieronymus Gemusaeus (1505-1544), Professor of Medicine at Basle, is the earliest known reader of Vesalius' "Fabrica", commenting on it in a preface dated 1 August 1543.
This paper aims to draw attention to some of the problems in traditional accounts of the revival of classical medicine in the Renaissance. The rediscovery of Galen from 1525 onwards, and the success of Vesalian anatomy in the 1540s, have encouraged historians to read back into the period from 1490 to 1530 ideas promoted by only a handful of individuals, and to assume that the rhetoric of the reformers was swiftly successful. This was rarely the case. Few could read Greek, the manifesto of Leoniceno in 1490 demanding a return to Greek as the basis of medicine was hardly implemented before the 1530s. Instead, it was Latin authors, both from the past and among the new Humanists, who were most important in the transformation of medical ideas in the first quarter of the sixteenth century.
This paper focuses on demonstrating the weakness of the traditional date for Galen's death. It shows that there are good grounds from both within the Galenic Corpus and outside it for thinking that he lived at least until he was eighty. Information from Byzantine and Arab scholars from the sixth century onwards suggests that he had died in the reign of Caracalla, perhaps in 216.
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This paper looks at a variety of relatively unfamiliar texts in which doctors are reported as acting together, in worship, in medical groups, in practice, and in teaching. It concludes that there may have been far more healers than has been often supposed, who learned their medicine in a variety of ways. Their social status depended to a large extent on the community in which they practised, but, for the most part, doctors associated, or were presumed to associate, with craftsmen of moderate wealth and were rarely part of the local elite.
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