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Biomedical subjects

V O Ol'shanskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to V O Ol'shanskiĭ.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Microflora of the voice prostheses].

The study was made of the condition of voice prostheses Provox and Blom-Singer in 27 patients wearing them. The prostheses were to be replaced by new ones as they lost impermeability for water. The prostheses were used for 6 months to 2 years. At the prosthesis removal from the tracheoesophageal bypass it was found that the esophageal flange and protective valve were contaminated with fungi and pathogenic bacteria. The valve was deformed, had limited motility and did not close tightly the esophageal opening of the prosthesis as the result of which liquid leaked into the airways. Bacteriological examination identified C.albicans, C.krusei, C.glabralis in 11 patients. Nistatin, flucostat, fluconasol, amphotericin were used in antifungal therapy. Prophylactic use of these drugs against fungi prolonged use of the prostheses 2-fold.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical and acoustic characteristics of tracheoesophageal bypass with prosthesis].

The authors analyse different aspects of tracheoesophageal bypass with prosthesis, how to prolong operation of voice prostheses. It is shown that replacement of the prostheses is frequently necessary not because of wear but rather due to fungal or microfloral affection. Radiotherapy had no adverse effects on prosthesis. Complications of tracheoesophageal bypass with prosthesis, acoustic characteristics of the repaired voice are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Function-sparing surgery in the combined therapy of laryngeal cancer].

The reports deals with the principle and methods of making a two-stage diagnosis of laryngeal tumor evolved on the basis of the data on two calibrated groups of 250 patients each and a computer-supported procedure of mathematical analysis. Two programs for a MC-52 microcalculator are suggested to select the scope of surgical intervention. Such procedures of preoperative radiation therapy as exposure under hyperbaric oxygenation conditions, cutting down the preoperative radiation dosage and shortening the interval between ir radiation course and surgery have been improved. Five improved procedures of saving therapy for tumors of the supraglottic area and four--for glottic cancer were used in 142 patients. The functional and oncological results of saving surgery were evaluated in 458 patients receiving combined treatment for laryngeal tumors. Said results were found to be beneficial.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1992

[The current status of the problem and the treatment possibilities in disseminated malignant neoplasms of the maxilla].

A study of the results of treatment of 170 patients makes a case for combined electrosurgical resection of the maxilla and local chemotherapy with deposited cytostatic drugs for localized malignant tumors of this site. No recurrences were detected within the first 12 months in 75.4% of patients and 52%--in control. Three-year survival in treated patients and controls was 67 and 48%, respectively.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[Use of cytostatics in polymer-drug complexes in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the maxilla].

The authors analyze the efficacy of antitumor drugs deposited with cyanoacrylate adhesive solution in therapy of Stages III-IV maxillary tumors. Immediate and late results of therapy with these compositions of 21 patients evidence that such treatment is not associated with the wound or general toxic complications and that wounds may be managed without tampons. Deposition of the drug and its regulated elimination from the composition helps create a high concentration of the agent at the operation site where the tumor elements remained after surgery; this permits expecting better late results.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Errors in the diagnosis of malignant tumors during the prehospital stage].

A group of experts from The P. A. Herzen Research Institute of Oncology reviewed 6000 histories of cancer. The analysis showed errors by outpatient hospital staff to account for untimely diagnosis of cancer in the majority of cases of advanced disease. A classification of medical errors was developed. Objective and subjective factors leading to errors were analysed. Review of records of diagnostic data is suggested. It is also suggested that physicians should bear responsibility for errors in oncology which have grave consequences.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer using radioimmunologic analysis].

Clinical and radioimmunoassay investigations performed in 162 patients with different thyroid diseases, have shown that changes in the levels of T3, T4 and TSH do not allow assessment of the nature of a tumor process. The level of calcitonin is a tumor marker of medullary carcinoma and C-cell thyroid adenomas. In the absence of pathological changes in the thyroid an increase in the level of thyroglobulin can be regarded as a tumor marker of metastatic growth of papillary and papillary-follicular cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Organ-sparing surgery in laryngeal cancer].

Basing on their experience with sparing surgery in combined treatment of pharyngeal carcinoma, the authors have developed a method for specification of the diagnosis before treatment and in the course of surgical intervention. Preoperative gamma-beam therapeutic scheme has been improved: long-distance irradiation is carried out under hyperbaric oxygenation with medium-fractionated doses and the total dose is reduced to 23.1 Gy, the intervals between the irradiation and surgery being 7-10 days. In order to improve the functional efficacy of economic radical surgery, methods of sparing surgery for Stages III-IV pharyngeal carcinoma were developed. Favorable functional and 3-year results were achieved in 314 patients with pharyngeal carcinoma, treated according to a multiple-modality scheme, including economic surgery as its second stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of nodular lesions of the thyroid].

Real-time echography was used for investigation of 100 patients with thyroid nodes. In order to determine the potentialities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodes by echography its findings were compared with the results of histological examination. Analysis of the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of certain symptoms and their combinations made it possible to propose a combination of symptoms for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodular lesions of the thyroid with the accuracy of 80.6%, the sensitivity of 82.5%, and the specificity of 79.2%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Current status of the treatment of laryngeal cancer].

The state of the art in laryngeal cancer treatment in the RSFSR is outlined on the basis of an analysis of morbidity and other statistical data. Measures which can be taken to considerably improve the effectiveness of treatment are discussed. The importance of a complex of diagnostic procedures to be employed in therapy planning is shown. Preoperative HBO-mediated gamma therapy and mean fractionation of radiation were used to improve combined treatment. The following function-saving procedures were suggested for radical removal of stage III laryngeal malignancies: an endoprosthetic procedure, improved modifications of horizontal resection, and lower larynx resection. A randomized study suggested that prophylactic surgery be performed on the lymphatics of the neck for cancer (T4) of the vestibular area involving the laryngopharynx. The report discusses the good functional and oncological results of 252 function-saving operations carried out after preoperative gamma therapy conducted as a component of combined treatment. The study also established a high effectiveness of tracheoesophageal shunting as a postlaryngectomy voice rehabilitation device.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

[Multiple primary cancer of the lung and larynx].

An experience of treatment of 43 cases of primary multiple cancer of the lung and larynx (synchronous--9, metachronous--31 and metachrono-synchronous--3) is discussed. Patients with lung and laryngeal cancer should undergo thorough examination. Primary multiple malignancies of the said organs make the case for surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Rehabilitation of patients with laryngeal cancer after fronto-lateral resections with endoprosthesis].

A newly-developed polymer endoprosthesis was used at the second stage of combined treatment of 20 patients with stage II--III laryngeal cancer to prevent persistent stenosis following resection of the larynx and to assure an earlier rehabilitation. Endoprosthesis was installed after fronto-lateral resection in all cases. The endoprosthesis was made from biologically-compatible materials on a preservative and regenerator agent-impregnated polyvinyl-pyrrolidone base. After being located in laryngeal lumen for 30--45 days, the prosthesis was removed endolaryngeally under out-patient hospital conditions and the cannula was taken out 6--10 days later. Within the following 12 months and longer, both laryngeal lumen and respiration were normal.

Adult↗