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Biomedical subjects

V P Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to V P Gupta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in the urban population of Jaipur in western India.

OBJECTIVES: To determine age-specific blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension in an urban Indian population. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey in six randomly selected municipal blocks in Jaipur city, India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 2122 subjects (1415 male, 797 female) aged 20 years or more. Evaluation was by physician-administered questionnaire, physical examination and electrocardiography. Diagnosis of hypertension used World Health Organization (WHO) and USA Fifth Joint National Committee (JNC-V) guidelines. Hypertension was subclassified according to the Framingham Study criteria. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD blood pressures (mmHg) were 125 +/- 19 systolic and 81 +/- 24 diastolic in men and 126 +/- 20 systolic and 81 +/- 12 diastolic in women. A significant correlation of blood pressure with increasing age groups was seen. The prevalence of hypertension according to the JNC-V criteria was 30% in men and 33% in women; by WHO criteria it was 11% in men and 12% in women and increased with age in all subjects. In the JNC-V hypertensive group borderline isolated systolic hypertension was present in 13% of men and 17% of women, definite isolated systolic hypertension was present in 7% of men and 2% of women, isolated diastolic hypertension was present in 65% of men and 57% of women and definite hypertension was present in 16% of men and 24% of women. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, smoking and higher body mass index were independently associated with higher prevalence of hypertension both in men and in women. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of JNC-V-defined hypertension was found in an Indian urban population. Isolated diastolic hypertension was the commonest subtype. Significant determinants of hypertension were age, smoking and body mass index.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Smoking and alcohol intake in a rural Indian population and correlation with hypertension and coronary heart disease prevalence.

3148 persons (1982 males and 1166 females) aged more than 20 years in a cluster of three villages were examined. The overall prevalence of smoking was 51% in males (n = 1006) and 5% in females (n = 54). Among male smokers there were 26% light smokers (< or = 5 bidis/day), 51% moderate smokers (6-20/day) and 17% heavy smokers (> 20 day) and in females there were 54% light smokers, 41% moderate smokers and 5% heavy smokers. Smokers were less educated and had higher prevalence of work-related physical activity and alcohol intake. There was a higher prevalence of hypertension and of ECG Q-waves in male smokers. Regular alcohol intake was seen in 19% males (n = 377) and in 2% females (n = 26). Among males there were 43% light drinkers (< or = 28 gm ethanol/day), 32% moderate drinkers (28-56 gm ethanol/day) and 5% heavy drinkers (> 56 gm ethanol/day). Although this group had a higher prevalence of hypertension there was an insignificant difference in CHD prevalence and a significantly lower prevalence of ECG Q-waves. Subgroup analysis has also been performed taking non-smoker-non-alcohol consuming group as controls. It was found that group which comprised of smokers-non-alcohol consumers had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and of ECG Q-waves. Alcohol intake-smoker group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension. The habits of smoking and alcohol consumption are widely prevalent among males in this rural community. Smoking and alcohol-intake, both individually and collectively, are related to higher prevalence of hypertension as well as CHD. While the prevalence of hypertension is more among the alcohol consumers, smokers have a higher prevalence of CHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Educational status, coronary heart disease, and coronary risk factor prevalence in a rural population of India.

OBJECTIVE: To define the association between educational level and prevalence of coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in India. DESIGN: Total community cross sectional survey with a doctor administered questionnaire, physical examination, and electrocardiography. SETTING: A cluster of three villages in rural Rajasthan, western India. SUBJECTS: 3148 residents aged over 20 (1982 men, 1166 women) divided into various groups according to years of formal schooling. RESULTS: Illiteracy and low educational levels were associated with less prestigious occupations (agricultural and farm labouring) and inferior housing. There was an inverse correlation of educational level with age (rank correlation: mean -0.45, women -0.49). The prevalence of coronary heart disease (diagnosed by electrocardiography) was significantly higher among uneducated and less educated people and showed an inverse relation with education in both sexes. Among uneducated and less educated people there was a higher prevalence of the coronary risk factors smoking and hypertension. Educational level showed a significant inverse correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that educational level had an inverse relation with prevalence of electrocardiographically diagnosed coronary heart disease (odds ratio: men 0.82, women 0.53), hypertension (men 0.88, women 0.56), and smoking (men 0.73, women 0.65) but not with hypercholesterolaemia and obesity. The inverse relation of coronary heart disease with educational level abated after adjustment for smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and blood pressure (odds ratio: men 0.98, women 0.78). CONCLUSION: Uneducated and less educated people in rural India have a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease and of the coronary risk factors smoking and hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Lipoprotein lipids and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in rural India.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hyperlipidaemias has been inadequately studied in rural populations of developing countries. No significant data exist on the population levels of serum cholesterol, cholesterol subclasses or triglycerides in these countries. METHODS: We studied fasting blood samples of 300 apparently healthy adults (202 men and 98 women, age range 20-73 years) randomly selected from a larger sample of 3148 individuals during a comprehensive cardiovascular risk-factor survey in Rajasthan, India. Levels of serum total cholesterol, its subfractions [low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol] and triglycerides were measured and correlated with age and anthropometric data. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD serum total-cholesterol levels were 4.39 +/- 1.0 mmol/l in men and 4.37 +/- 1.0 mmol/l in women, the mean LDL-cholesterol levels 2.51 +/- 1.0 mmol/l in men and 2.62 +/- 0.9 mmol/l in women, the mean HDL-cholesterol levels 1.15 +/- 0.4 mmol/l in both mean and women and the mean fasting serum triglyceride levels 1.63 +/- 0.6 mmol/l in men and 1.48 +/- 0.7 mmol/l in women. Age correlated positively with total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both men and women. Levels of the cholesterol subtypes did not differ between the sexes (P > 0.01), although triglyceride levels were significantly higher in men (P < 0.01). Lipoprotein lipids did not correlate significantly with height, weight, body-mass index or waist:hip ratio. When classified according to the recommendations of the US National Cholesterol Education Program for the determination of the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia, 43 individuals (14.3%; men 14.4% and women 14.3%) had borderline high cholesterol levels (5.20-6.18 mmol/l) and 24 (8%; men 7.9% and women 8.2%) had high cholesterol levels (> or = 6.21 mmol/l). Forty-five participants (15%) had borderline high LDL-cholesterol levels (3.36-4.11 mmol/l) and 20 (6.7%) had high LDL-cholesterol levels (> or = 4.14 mmol/l); low HDL-cholesterol levels (< 0.9 mmol/L) were found in 89 (29.7%). Eighteen participants (6%) had mild hypertriglyceridaemia (2.82-5.64 mmol/l) and two (0.7%) had severe hypertriglyceridaemia (> 5.64 mmol/l). CONCLUSION: Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels are low in a rural Indian population, although an atherogenic lipid profile is present in a significant proportion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Coronary heart disease and coronary risk factor prevalence in rural Rajasthan.

To determine the prevalence of coronary risk factors and coronary heart disease (CHD) in rural Rajasthan, 1150 randomly selected individuals in a cluster of villages in central Rajasthan have been studied. These included 805 men and 345 women. The prevalence of various coronary risk factors in the whole group were: Smoking 488 (42.4%); Diabetes (history): 5(0.4%); Alcohol intake: 146 (12.7%); Sedentary lifestyle: 797 (69.3%); Stressful life events: 48 (4.2%); Hypertension (BP > or = 140/90) 152 (13.2%); obesity (BMI > or = 27 Kg/M2): 194 (10.9%); and Truncal obesity (waist:hip > or = 0.93): 20.8%. The overall prevalence of CHD was 46.1/1000. Patients with CHD had a higher prevalence of male sex (67.9 vs 51.5%); educated persons (30.2 vs 28.8%); businessmen (13.2 vs 10.2%); smoking (47.2 vs 40.5%); sedentary lifestyle (75.5 vs 62.3%); stressful life events (7.5 vs 4.8%); and hypertension (26.4 vs 14.8%). On the other hand, persons without CHD had higher prevalence of alcohol intake (10.8 vs 7.5%); regular prayers (23.1 vs 22.6%); physically active lifestyle (37.7 vs 24.5%); obesity (13.6 vs 6.9%), and truncal obesity (21.0 vs 20.0%). The following risk factors emerged significant on statistical analysis (Odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals): male sex (1.99, 1.04 to 3.7); hypertension (2.04, 1.01 to 4.09); male smokers (1.80, 1.28 to 4.09); and sedentary lifestyle (1.86, 1.01 to 3.59). This study shows a low prevalence of CHD in rural population which is however more than previously reported studies from India.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Circadian rhythms of renal phosphohydrolases analysed by Cosinor method.

Rhythmometric analysis of hydrolytic enzymes of mouse kidney has been performed on circadian time scale using the F test. Significant rhythms were detected in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), inorganic pyrophosphatase (InPPase) and alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) on protein and fresh weight basis. Acrophase (time for peak activity) of G6Pase, InPPase and AlPase per mg protein was at 9.9 degrees (1.0 hr), 88.5 degrees (6.0 hr) and at 342.3 degrees (20 hr) respectively. ATPase, which did not show significant rhythm (mean +/- SD = 4.51 +/- 0.30), had a peak value at 32.1 degrees (2.14 hr) with an amplitude of 0.31 units on protein basis. However, G6Pase and AlPase oscillated with high amplitudes (0.18 and 0.71) across the mean value (mesor) of 0.68 +/- 0.3 and 1.43 +/- 0.46 units respectively and with a phase shift of 5 hr. Since G6Pase is a multicomponent and multifunctional enzyme having several overlapping enzyme activities (viz. InPPase), coordinated events of G6Pase, InPPase and ATPase in the regulation of daily renal functions have been mapped in the intact animals, along a physiologic time scale.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Circadian rhythmometric analysis of hepatic phosphohydrolases with special reference to glucose-6-phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase.

Rhythmometric analysis of a group of phosphohydrolases in mouse liver has been performed along a single 24 hr time scale. The presence of the rhythm was conducted by F test. Statistically significant circadian rhythm was detected in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and inorganic pyrophosphatase (InPPase) activity expressed on fresh weight and protein basis. Both G6Pase and InPPase oscillated with a high amplitude of 0.44 U and 1.15 U respectively across the mean value (mesor) of 0.40 +/- 0.42 U and 2.81 +/- 1.14 U per mg protein and with a phase shift of 80 degrees (5.34 hr) among them. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) did not show any rhythm whereas adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) showed rhythmic activity on protein basis and oscillated across mesor of 1.84 +/- 0.5 U with an amplitude of 0.52. Acrophase (time for peak activity/mg protein) of G6Pase, InPPase and ATPase was found at 194.2 degrees (13.34 hr), 114.1 degrees (8.0 hr) and at 306.1 degrees (20.4 hr) respectively. AlPase, though did not show significant rhythm, had peak value at 231.8 degrees. Since hepatic G6Pase is a multicomponent and multifunctional enzyme with several overlapping activities (viz. InPPase), coordinated action of G6Pase and InPPase in the regulation of hepatic cell functions has been suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunosorbent electron microscopic studies on a tobamovirus causing brinjal necrotic mosaic.

Serological relationships of brinjal necrotic mosaic virus (BNMV), a strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causing necrotic mosaic disease of brinjal in India to other TMV strains was investigated by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM). The intensity of trapping and decoration revealed a close relationship of BNMV to TMV-D, TMV-U1 and TMV-WU1 strains, and a distant relationship to TMV-A1 and TMV-P11 strains. There was a negligible relationship to TMV-P14, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). Therefore, BNMV is proposed to be distinct from the previously reported TMV-A1 strain of brinjal.

India↗
PubMed1994

Dynamics of Met5- and Leu5-enkephalin and their receptor binding activity in relation to morphine.

A complete normal coordinate analysis of Met5- and Leu5-enkephalins using Wilson's GF matrix method and Urey Bradley force field has been carried out to understand the dynamical behaviour of enkephalins. In addition, the charge distributions on different atoms of the two enkephalins and morphine using CNDO/2 method are also reported. The similarity in the charge distribution on the part of these two molecules is indicative of the possible interactions at the same receptor site as that of morphine and its derivatives. Apart from the topographical features and charge distribution, binding onto receptor site is not a static but a dynamic process and low frequency modes must play an important role in the recognition process. The significance of the out-of-plane amide VII band and other skeletal modes as characteristic of conformational states of Met5- and Leu5-enkephalins are discussed.

Enkephalin, Leucine↗
PubMed1993

Conjunctival amyloidosis: is it related to trachoma?

Due to presence of trachoma in a large percentage of cases of conjunctival amyloidosis, trachoma has been blamed for causing secondary localized amyloidosis. However, there is no study to demonstrate evidence of amyloidosis in tarsoconjunctival specimens of trachomatous lids. 50 eyes of 35 patients having trachomatous eyelids with thickened tarsal plate, trichiasis and entropion had a tarsoconjunctival biopsy (3 mm x 20 mm) from the upper lid. Histopathological examination using Haematoxylin--eosin and congo red stains failed to reveal evidence of amyloid deposition in any of the biopsies. This is the first histopathological study of amyloidosis in trachomatous patients. Our study rules out the long-standing concept of trachoma having causal relationship with conjunctival amyloidosis. It is concluded that conjunctival amyloidosis occurring in trachomatous lids should be considered as primary localized amyloidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Vibrational CD of the amide II band in some model polypeptides and proteins.

The amide II vibrational CD (VCD) spectra of poly (L-glutamic acid) and poly (L-lysine) in various conformational forms and those of several proteins in H2O have been measured. Characteristic VCD patterns have been observed in the amide II region due to helix, beta-sheet, and coil conformations in polypeptides. Based on their x-ray crystal structures, the proteins studied have been assigned to six categories. Proteins in the same category give rise to similar amide II VCD. While the protein conformational type is indicated using the amide II VCD, discrimination between types is less characteristic than with the previously studied amide I' VCD in D2O.

Amides↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme using vibrational circular dichroism. Evidence for a difference in crystal and solution structures.

The conformation of the milk protein alpha-lactalbumin has been studied using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and compared to parallel studies on lysozyme. These proteins have been shown by Acharya et al. [(1989) J. Mol. Biol. 208, 99-127] to have very similar three-dimensional crystal structures. However, their VCD spectra in D2O solution are quite different. The VCD of lysozyme in D2O more resembles that of alpha-lactalbumin in 33% propanol/D2O, under which conditions alpha-lactalbumin has conformationally transformed to a structure with increased helical fraction. These results can be seen to be consistent with UVCD and resolution-enhanced FTIR spectra of alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme in both D2O and H2O environments. The solvent sensitivity of the alpha-lactalbumin spectra and hence of its conformation contrasted with the lack of such sensitivity for lysozyme suggest that the alpha-lactalbumin crystal structure represents a conformation different from that which is dominant in aqueous solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Goitre in school girls of the Mewat area of Haryana.

A survey was carried out on 5449 school girls aged 10-16 years in the Mewat area of Haryana for goitre. The overall prevalence of goitre was nearly 29.5%. Thus goitre was a public health problem in the region. Analysis of the water sources in the study population used for drinking and cooking purposes revealed low iodine content, high mineral contents (calcium, magnesium, flouride and chloride), total hardness of water as well as bacterial pollution. These factors were related to the high prevalence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ethambutol-induced hyperuricaemia.

A prospective study involving 134 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis was conducted to determine the incidence and severity of ethambutol-induced hyperuricaemia. The cases were randomly allocated to two groups: one group (71 cases) received ethambutol (20 mg/kg bodyweight/day) streptomycin and isoniazid (SHE), the other group (60 cases) received streptomycin, isoniazid and thioacetazone (SHT). All the cases were hospitalized. A significant rise in serum uric acid levels was found in 66% of SHE patients during the first 60-90 days of treatment, but there was no such change in the SHT patients. In one patient who received ethambutol generalized arthralgia developed and in another acute gouty arthritis was observed. In both cases, symptoms abated when ethambutol was withdrawn and reappeared when it was resumed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Estimation of shallow-dose equivalent using a two-element dosimeter.

Estimation of shallow-dose equivalent using a two-element dosimeter is described under the guidelines of a standard adopted by the Health Physics Society Standards Committee and the dosimetry practices followed by most dosimeter processors. This standard is to be used in a future mandatory testing program in the U.S. A mathematical formulation, correlating dosimeter response and "shallow-dose equivalent factors" at different energies, is presented. A thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), currently used at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, is examined for determining shallow-dose equivalent response and the results are discussed for beta as well as photon responses.

Radiation Dosage↗