PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V P Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to V P Kumar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The course of the inferior gluteal nerve in the posterior approach to the hip.

We investigated the relationship of the inferior gluteal nerve to gluteus maximus by dissecting the muscle in 12 fresh-frozen and formalin-treated cadavers. The anatomy was recorded using still digital photography. The course of the inferior gluteal nerve was carefully traced and was noted to enter the deep surface of gluteus maximus approximately 5 cm from the tip of the greater trochanter of the femur. The susceptibility of the nerve to injury during a posterior approach to the hip may be explained by its close relationship to the deep surface of gluteus maximus. It is easily damaged before it has been seen if the muscle is split and parted more than 5 cm from the tip of the greater trochanter of the femur. We suggest that a modified posterior approach be used to expose the hip to avoid damage to this nerve.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2003

High risk HPV types in southern Iranian patients with cervical cancer.

This study was undertaken to assess the rate of HPV infection in cervical carcinoma among southern Iranian patients. 101 archival cervical carcinoma tissue samples of a 10 year period were studied for the presence of HPV DNA in southern Iran by a polymerase chain reaction method. In addition, the presence of high risk HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotypes was investigated. In total, 88 (87.1%) of the samples were HPV DNA positive, of which 83 were squamous cell carcinomas and 5 were adenocarcinomas. HPV-16 genotype was detected in 26.7% of HPV positive cervical carcinomas; however, none of the samples were positive for the existence of HPV-18 genotype. Collectively, these results suggest that HPV-16 and HPV-18 are not the frequent high risk HPV types in our patients and circulating HPV types in southern Iranian population are different from many other populations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

The natural history of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau.

The natural history of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau remains controversial and incomplete. We have studied 21 patients (aged between 53 and 77 years) with clinical and scintigraphic features of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau who were observed prospectively for at least three years (37 months to 8.5 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 5.6 years. The mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 4.7 weeks (3 days to 12 weeks). Radiographs of the affected knee at the first visit were normal in 15 patients and mildly arthritic in six. The characteristic radiographic lesion of osteonecrosis was noted at presentation in five of the mildly arthritic knees and during the evolution of the disease in eight of the radiographically normal knees. During the follow-up, subchondral sclerosis of the affected medial tibial plateau was noted in 16 knees. There are three distinct patterns of outcome: 1) acute extensive collapse of the medial tibial plateau in two knees within three months of onset; 2) rapid progression to varying degrees of osteoarthritis in 12 knees, in eight within a year, in all within two years and deterioration of the pre-existing osteoarthritis in three; and 3) complete resolution in four knees, two of which were normal at presentation and two mildly osteoarthritic. The two patients with acute extensive collapse and three who had rapid progression to severe osteoarthritis required total knee arthroplasty. We conclude that osteonecrosis of the medial tibial plateau progresses in most cases to significant degenerative disease of the knee.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Qualitative and quantitative changes in acetylcholine receptor distribution at the neuromuscular junction following free muscle transfer.

The qualitative and quantitative changes in acetylcholine receptor distribution were studied in the gracilis muscle of the Wistar rat following free neurovascular transfer. Even at 30 weeks after transfer, the morphology of the neuromuscular junction failed to return to the presurgical state. The number of acetylcholine receptors at the reinnervated neuromuscular junction also remained lower than the control. The persistent weakness following free neurovascular muscle transfer may be attributed to these qualitative and quantitative changes at the neuromuscular junction.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Biomechanics of the shoulder.

The shoulder is a complex of 5 joints and disturbances at any of these joints are likely to interfere with the smooth rhythm observed in movements of this complex. The overall ratio of scapulothoracic to glenohumeral movement of 1:2 is made possible by a clockwork mechanism that involves movements at these 2 articulations with axial rotation of the clavicle that connects the shoulder girdle to the torso. Stability of the scapulothoracic, glenohumeral joints and acromio clavicular joints rely not only on the intrinsic capsular ligaments, bony architecture and musculature, but also on extrinsic ligaments that need to be addressed in management of instability at these joints. Of the soft tissues, premature degeneration and tears of the rotator cuff tendons pose special clinical problems by disturbance of the delicate balance between the cuff and the deltoid muscle.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed2002

Extremity osteosarcoma--a Southeast Asian experience.

INTRODUCTION: We present our experience with limb salvage emphasising the use of vascularised bone grafts in combination with autoclaved tumour bone for limb salvage in osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six cases with extremity osteosarcoma, all of which were managed at a single institution between 1980 and 1999, were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 9 years (range, 10 months to 200 months). There were 26 patients who underwent limb salvage surgery and 10 patients who had amputation. RESULTS: In the limb salvage group, 12 bone defects were bridged using vascularised bone grafts alone while autoclaved tumour bone was used for reconstruction in the remaining 14 patients. In these 14, there were 10 with autoclaved tumour bone and vascularised bone, 2 with autoclaved bone and non-vascularised bone and 2 with autoclaved bone alone. The joint was preserved in 13 of the 26 reconstructions. Of these, 11 involved preservation of the knee joint contributing to a quantum gain in function with 84% good and excellent results. The actuarial survival was 64% at 2 years and 48% at 5 years, with no significant difference between ablation and limb salvage. CONCLUSION: The use of the autoclaved bone provided yet another effective alternative for bridging large defects following resection of high grade tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Use of variability in the stage-specific transcription levels of Plasmodium falciparum in the selection of target genes.

The malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum exhibits several morphological and developmental stages. We have quantified the level of expression of a battery of genes in the ring and trophozoite stage-two of the most prominent stages in the erythrocytic development of the parasite. Using optimized RT-PCR, we observed that some of the genes show a large variation in stage-specific expression. We have also correlated the level of mRNA expression (of the target enzyme) to its metabolic requirement using specific inhibitors. This protocol gives us a handle to identify vulnerable target genes that could be used to develop antimalarials.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The long head of the triceps brachii as a free functioning muscle transfer.

This anatomic study investigates the possibility of using the long head of the triceps brachii muscle as a free functioning muscle transfer for the upper limb. It has been reported that the long head is not difficult to harvest and that its loss does not create significant donor-site morbidity. The muscle was studied in 23 fresh frozen upper limbs. The long head in all 23 specimens had a constant and proximal vascular pedicle from the profunda brachii artery and vein. The mean pedicle was long (4 cm) and had large-caliber vessels (diameter, 3-mm artery and 4-mm vein). Angiograms were carried out in five specimens and dye perfusion studies in six specimens. A single branch from the radial nerve of at least 7 cm in length innervated the muscle. Muscle architecture was studied in 12 specimens and revealed that the long head of the triceps is better suited for forearm reconstruction than either the gracilis or the latissimus dorsi muscles. The mean physiologic cross-sectional area (8.36 cm(2)) and fiber length (10.8 cm on the superficial surface and 8.2 cm on the deep surface) of the long head match more closely those of the flexor digitorum profundus and the extensor digitorum communis, the muscles most commonly replaced.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Medialisation laryngoplasty: a new surgical frontier in the management of vocal cord paralysis.

Patients who are victims of vocal cord paralysis usually suffer from husky or hoarse voice which is very much jeopardising their future particularly in professional voice users like singers, priests, teachers, etc. Phonosurgical techniques like medialisation laryngoplasty has opened a new horizon in the management of dysphonia with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Medialisation laryngoplasty is sometimes described under the heading of laryngoplastic phonosurgery or thyroplasty. A report of 10 cases of unilateral vocal cord paralysis with dysphonia subjected to medialisation laryngoplasty from March 1996 to March 1998 with 90% success is presented. Only one patient developed inspiratory stridor as a complication.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of Luffa echinata on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity.

The dried alcoholic (50%) extract of the plant Luffa echinata was investigated for inhibition of lipid peroxidation, for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and interaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl stable free radical (DPPH). It was found that the test extract exhibited a considerable inhibition of lipid peroxidation and possessed hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Evaluation of antiradical scavenging activity showed significant interaction with DPPH. These properties could be considered as a useful and exploitable combination for justifying the reported activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Split flexor carpi radialis muscle.

A detailed anatomic and intramuscular neural staining study in 22 human and 5 monkey upper limbs revealed that the flexor carpi radialis can be raised on its proximal neurovascular pedicle and that the muscle can be split along its tendon into two independently functioning neuromuscular compartments, each with its own nerve and blood supply. A study of the muscle architecture in the human specimens found the radial compartment to have significantly longer fiber length and a larger physiologic cross-sectional area than the ulnar compartment. Independence of function of each compartment was demonstrated in electrical stimulation studies in six monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), but no significant difference was noted in the peak isometric load between the two compartments (p = 0.68) in the monkey. The extra functioning muscle units become important in local transfers for restoring function in multiple nerve palsies as in Hansen's disease, severe traumatic loss of muscle in crush injuries and compartment syndromes, and after wide resection in infective and neoplastic conditions in the forearm and hand.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Independent function in a tendon transfer of the split flexor carpi ulnaris.

This case demonstrates the efficacy of the split flexor carpi ulnaris transfer to restore thumb and finger extension. The humeral and ulnar compartments retained their viability and their function. In addition, they were able to work independently, and the patient has secured two separate functions from one muscle. The versatility and simplicity of this technique give it advantages over more complex reconstructive procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The neuromuscular compartments of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Report on the vascular supply and innervation pattern of the flexor carpi ulnaris. 2. Describe the muscle architecture of the flexor carpi ulnaris, including the physiological cross-sectional area and fiber length. 3. State the uses of the flexor carpi ulnaris both for resurfacing defects in the vicinity of the elbow and in local functional tendon transfers. 4. Understand the principles of splitting skeletal muscles based on neurovascular supply to enhance its utilization in reconstructive procedures. The aim of this study was to describe the intramuscular innervation and vascular supply of the human flexor carpi ulnaris, with confirmation of findings by a similar study in the primate. Two distinct intramuscular nerve branches running parallel to each other, on either side of a central tendon, from the proximal quarter of the muscle belly to its insertion were found. The muscle could then be split into a humeral and an ulnar compartment, each with its own primary nerve branch. Perfusion studies confirmed the adequacy of circulation to the two compartments. In the primate flexor carpi ulnaris, electrical stimulation of the respective branches revealed independent contraction of each compartment. This study provides useful information for enabling the local transfer of the muscle as a whole, both for resurfacing in the vicinity of the elbow and for functional tendon transfers. It will also enable the transfer of the muscle as one or two separate compartments (for resurfacing, in tendon transfers for muscle paralysis, congenital defects, and muscle defects resulting from trauma, and after resections for neoplasm and infection).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of "rasayanas" a herbal drug preparation on cell-mediated immune responses in tumour bearing mice.

Administration of herbal preparation, Rasayanas has been found to enhance the natural killer cell activity in normal as well asin tumour bearing animals. Brahma Rasayana (BR) was found to have the maximum activity. BRand Aswagandha Rasayana (AR) were found to activate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity significantly. AR was also found to activate macrophages. All the Rasayanas were found to stimulate antibody dependent complement mediated tumour cell lysis. The results of these studies indicate usefullness of Rasayanas for immunostimulation in normal and in disease state.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of "rasayanas", a herbal drug preparation on immune responses and its significance in cancer treatment.

Rasayanas are considered to be immunostimulating preparations used extensively in indigenous medical practice. However there are only very few reports to substantiate this claim, and this paper gives preliminary evidence for the potentiation of immunity by Rasayanas given to mice orally. Administration of Rasayanas were found to enhance the proliferation of spleen cells significantly especially in the presence of mitogen. Similar result was also seen with bone marrow cells; however mitogenic stimulation could not be observed. Esterase activity was found to be enhanced in bone marrow cells indicating increased maturation of cells of lymphoid linkage. Rasayanas also enhanced humoral immune response as seen from the increased number of antibody forming cells and circulating antibody titre. These results indicate the usefulness of Rasayana as immunostimulating agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Determination of terazosin in human plasma, using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A selective, sensitive, rapid and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of terazosin in plasma is described. The structurally related compound prazosin was used as an internal standard. The method comprises extraction with methylene chloride followed by chromatography on a C18 reversed-phase column. The compounds were detected using spectrofluorimetry. The absolute recoveries were more than 90% with a minimal detection of 1 ng/ml and calibration curve was linear between 1 and 80 ng/ml.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗